• 재활간호학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.193-204
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• 2002

This study was a quasi-experimental study of nonequivalent control group pretest- posttest design to investigate the effect of aerobic walking exercise program on the physical & psychological functions of home stayed stroke patients. The data were collected during the period of May 20th to August 15th, 2001. The subjects for this study were 40 hemiplegic stroke patients with the experimental group consisting of 19 patients and the control group being composed of 21 patients. The patients selected for this study were: (a)living in J city who had been diagnosed with stroke and at home after being discharged from the hospital, (b)suffering from stroke for 6 months to 5 years, (c)without recognition disorder with the MMSE-K score above 25, (d)below 2 on the modified Ashworth scale, (e)free from heart and pulmonary disease (f)able to walk beyond 15 minutes for themselves. The aerobic walking exercise program for the experimental group was aerobic exercise and education and supportive care. The aerobic exercise was 8 weeks' period, three times a week, 35 to 50 minutes a day. And the education and supportive care was consisted of one home visiting and 2 times telephoning a week. The data were analysed by $X^2$-test, paired t-test and unpaired t-test and ANCOVA through SAS/PC program. The results of the study were as follows: 1. There was insignificant difference in the gait length experimental and control group. There was significant difference in the gait speed between the two groups. 2. There was significant difference in the dynamic valance between the two groups. 3. There was significant difference in ADL score between the two groups. 4. There was no significant difference in the depression between the two groups. As shown above, the results of 8 weeks' the aerobic walking exercise program for home stayed stroke patients produced positive effects on gait speed, dynamic valance, ADL score. And this program was expected that it was more effective in different intervention period, verified program. Also it was needed follow study.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.495-500
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• 2016

We have solved the crystal structure of a predicted fructose-specific enzyme $IIB^{fruc}$ from Escherichia coli ($EcEIIB^{fruc}$) involved in the phosphoenolpyruvate-carbohydrate phosphotransferase system transferring carbohydrates across the cytoplasmic membrane. $EcEIIB^{fruc}$ belongs to a sequence family with more than 5,000 sequence homologues with 25-99% amino-acid sequence identity. It reveals a conventional Rossmann-like ${\alpha}-{\beta}-{\alpha}$ sandwich fold with a unique ${\beta}$-sheet topology. Its C-terminus is longer than its closest relatives and forms an additional ${\beta}$-strand whereas the shorter C-terminus is random coil in the relatives. Interestingly, its core structure is similar to that of enzyme $IIB^{cellobiose}$ from E. coli ($EcIIB^{cel}$) transferring a phosphate moiety. In the active site of the closest $EcEIIB^{fruc}$ homologues, a unique motif CXXGXAHT comprising a P-loop like architecture including a histidine residue is found. The conserved cysteine on this loop may be deprotonated to act as a nucleophile similar to that of $EcIIB^{cel}$. The conserved histidine residue is presumed to bind the negatively charged phosphate. Therefore, we propose that the catalytic mechanism of $EcEIIB^{fruc}$ is similar to that of $EcIIB^{cel}$ transferring phosphoryl moiety to a specific carbohydrate.

• 폴리머
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2014

A novel poly(AM-DMDAAC)/MMT superabsorbent nanocomposites are prepared by radical polymerization using ammonium persulfate (APS) and anhydrous sodium sulfite as a free radical initiator and N,N-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker. In this paper, an optimization study on the synthesis of superabsorbent nanocomposites is carried out. Orthogonal array experiment indicates that the optimized conditions is acrylamide (AM) content 23 wt%, diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAAC) content 6 wt%, montmorillonite (MMT) content 4 wt%, initiator content 0.2 wt% and crosslinker content 0.02 wt%. Under the optimization syntheses conditions concluded, the maximum water absorbency in distilled water is $659.53g{\cdot}g^{-1}$ and in 2 wt% sodium chloride solution is $116.25g{\cdot}g^{-1}$. Compared with the range values of different factors ($R_j$), the order of significance factors in distilled water is C (MMT) > B (DMDAAC) > A (AM) > D (crosslinker) > E (initiator). MMT is intercalated during polymerization reaction and a nanocomposite structure is formed as shown by TEM analysis and XRD analysis.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.87.1-87.11
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• 2020

Background: A new, extended long-acting tilmicosin (TLAe) preparation was tested against intramammary ceftiofur (CEF) using a non-inferiority trial model during dry-cow therapy (DCT) in a farm with high bovine population density and deficient hygiene application. Objectives: To evaluate the possibility that TLAe administered parenterally can achieve non-inferiority status compared to CEF administered intramammary for DCT. Methods: Cows were randomly assigned to TLAe (20 mg/kg subcutaneous; n = 53) or CEF (CEF-HCl, 125 mg/quarter; n = 38 cows) treatment groups. California mastitis testing, colony-forming unit assessment (CFU/mL), and number of cases positive for Staphylococcus aureus were quantified before DCT and 7 d after calving. A complete cure was defined as no bacteria isolated; partial cure when CFU/mL ranged from 150 to 700, and cure-failure when CFU/mL was above 700. Results: TLAe and CEF had overall cure rates of 57% and 53% (p > 0.05) and S. aureus cure rates of 77.7% and 25%, respectively (p < 0.05). The pathogens detected at DCT and 7 days after calving were S. aureus (62.71% and 35.55%), Staphylococcus spp. (22.03% and 35.55%), Streptococcus uberis (10.16% and 13.33%), and Escherichia coli (5.08% and 15.55%). Non-inferiority and binary logistic regression analyses revealed a lack of difference in overall efficacies of TLAe and CEF. Apart from S. aureus, S. uberis was the predominant pathogen found in both groups. Conclusions: This study is the first successful report of parenteral DCT showing comparable efficacy as CEF, the gold-standard. The extended long-term pharmacokinetic activity of TLAe explains these results.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2024

This paper presents a novel miniaturized 3-D cubic antenna for use in wireless sensor network (WSN) application. The geometry of this antenna is designed as a cube including a meander dipole antenna. A truly omnidirectional pattern is produced by this antenna in both E-plane and H-plane, which allows for non-intermittent communication that is orientation independent. The operating frequency lies in the ISM band (centered in 2.45 GHz). The dimensions of this ultra-compact cubic antenna are 1.25*1.12*1cm3 which features a length dimension λ/11. The coefficient which presents the overall antenna structure is Ka=0.44. The cubic shape of the antenna is allowing for smart packaging, as sensor equipment may be easily integrated into the cube hallow interior. The major constraint of WSN is the energy consumption. The power consumption of radio communication unit is relatively high. So it is necessary to design an antenna which improves the energy efficiency. The parameters considered in this work are the resonant frequency, return loss, efficiency, bandwidth, radiation pattern, gain and the electromagnetic field of the proposed antenna. The specificity of this geometry is that its size is relatively small with an excellent gain and efficiency compared to previously structures (reported in the literature). All results of the simulations were performed by CST Microwave Studio simulation software and validated with HFSS. We used Advanced Design System (ADS) to validate the equivalent scheme of our conception. Input here the part of summary.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2023

Background/Aims: Gastric varices (GV) are present in 25% of cirrhotic patients with high rates of rebleeding and mortality. Data on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided treatment in severe liver disease (model for end stage liver disease sodium [MELD-Na] >18 and Child-Turcotte-Pugh [CTP] C with GV) are scarce. Thus, we performed a retrospective comparison of endoscopic glue injection with EUS-guided therapy in cirrhotic patients with large GV. Methods: A retrospective study was performed in the tertiary hospitals of India. A total of 80 patients were recruited. The inclusion criteria were gastroesophageal varices type 2, isolated gastric varices type 1, bleeding within 6 weeks, size of GV >10 mm, and a MELD-Na >18. Treatment outcomes and complications of endoscopic glue injection and EUS-guided GV therapy were compared. Results: In this study, the patients' age, sex, liver disease severity (CTP, MELD-Na) and clinical parameters were comparable. The median number of procedures, injected glue volume, complications, and GV obturation were better in the EUS group, respectively. On subgroup analysis of the EUS method (e.g., direct gastric fundus vs. paragastric collateral [PGC] coil placement), PGC coil placement showed decreased coil requirement, less injected glue volume, decreased luminal coil extrusion, and increased successful GV obturation. Conclusions: EUS-guided treatment is more efficient and safer, and requires a smaller number of treatment sessions, as compared to endoscopic treatment in severe liver disease patients with large GV. Furthermore, PGC coil placement increases the complete obliteration of GV.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2001

본 연구는 체외에서 성숙된 한우 미수정란이 새로운 초자화 동결 방법인 MVC 방법으로 성공적으로 동결 보존될 수 있는지의 여부를 확인하고자 실시하였다. 초자화 동결을 위해서 미수정 난자는 EG10에서 5~10분간 전처리하고 EG30에서 30초간 노출하였으며 0.25 $m\ell$ 스트로의 내벽에 난자를 각각 적하한 다음, 곧바로 액체 질소에 침지하였다. 응해는 37$^{\circ}C$에서 4단계로 이루어졌다 (1.0M sucrose (S), 0.5 MS, 0.25 MS와 0.125 MS). 한우 미수정 난자를 MVC 방법을 이용하여 초자화 동결하였던 바 체외에서의 발생능이 다른 군과 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다 (생존율, 난할율, 배반포 형성율: 동결군 - 91.2, 69.4, 27.9%; 노출군 -100.0, 74.4, 32.3% : 대조군 - 100.0, 78.3, 36.3%). 또한, 체외에서 발달된 동결군의 난자를 6마리의 대리모 소에 이식하였던 바, 4마리가 임신에 성공하여 이중 3마리가 임신중임이 임신 250일에 직장검사를 통하여 확인되었다. 따라서, MVC 동결 방법은 한우 미수정란을 동결하기에 적합한 방법이며 앞으로 이 방법을 통하여 난자은행이 효율적으로 이용될 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1759-1767
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• 2012

This study was performed to determine the effects of dietary fat sources, i.e., beef tallow, soybean oil, olive oil and coconut oil (each 3% in feed), on the growth performance, meat quality and gene expression in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 72 crossbred pigs (Landrace${\times}$Large White${\times}$Duroc) were used at $71{\pm}1$ kg body weight (about 130 d of age) in 24 pens ($320{\times}150$ cm) in a confined pig house (three pigs per pen) with six replicate pens per treatment. The growing diet was given for periods of $14{\pm}3$ d and the finishing diet was given for periods of $28{\pm}3$ d. The fat type had no significant effect either on growth performance or on chemical composition or on meat quality in growing-finishing pigs. Dietary fat type affected fatty acid composition, with higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) in the olive oil group. Microarray analysis in the Longissimus dorsi identified 6 genes, related to insulin signaling pathway, that were differentially expressed among the different feed groups. Real time-PCR was conducted on the six genes in the longissimus dorsi muscle (LM). In particular, the genes encoding the protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, alpha (PRKAR2A) and the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1, beta isoform (PPP1CB) showed the highest expression level in the olive oil group (respectively, p<0.05, p<0.001). The results of this study indicate that the type of dietary fat affects fatty acid composition and insulin signaling-related gene expression in the LM of pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.998-1003
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• 2016

Although exogenous protease enzymes have been used in poultry diets quite extensively, this has not been the case for pig diets. In general, due to their better gut fermentative capacity and longer transit time, pigs have greater capacity to digest dietary proteins than poultry. However, in early-weaned piglets, the stress brought about by weaning adversely affects the digestion of dietary proteins. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the effects of a commercial protease enzyme in weanling pigs. Indices of growth, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, fecal microflora, fecal gas emission and fecal scores were measured during the study. A total of 50 weanling pigs ($6.42{\pm}0.12kg$) at 28 d of age were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 2 dietary treatments: i) control diet (corn-soy based) with no supplemental protease (CON), and ii) control diet+200 g/ton protease (PROT) for 42 d. A completely randomized design consisting of 2 treatments, 5 replicates, and 5 pigs in each replicate was used. Growth performance in terms of body weight ($27.04{\pm}0.38kg$ vs $25.75{\pm}0.39kg$; p<0.05) and average daily gain ($491{\pm}7.40g$ vs $460{\pm}7.46g$; p<0.05) in PROT fed pigs were increased significantly, but gain per feed ($0.700{\pm}0.01$ vs $0.678{\pm}0.01$; p>0.05) was similar between treatments at d 42. Relative to CON pigs, PROT fed pigs had increased (p<0.05) apparent total tract digestibility ($84.66%{\pm}0.65%$ vs $81.21%{\pm}1.13%$ dry matter and $84.02%{\pm}0.52%$ vs $80.47%{\pm}1.22%$ nitrogen) and decreased (p<0.05) $NH_3$ emission ($2.0{\pm}0.16ppm$ vs $1.2{\pm}0.12ppm$) in the feces at d 42. Except for a decreased (p<0.05) in blood creatinine level, no differences were observed in red blood cell, white blood cell, lymphocyte, urea nitrogen, and IgG concentrations between treatments. Fecal score and fecal microflora (Lactobacillus and E. coli) were also similar between CON and PROT groups. Overall, the supplementation of protease enzyme in weanling pigs resulted in improved growth rate and nutrient digestibility. Exogenous protease enzyme reduced fecal $NH_3$ emission, thus, potentially serving as a tool in lowering noxious gas contribution of livestock production in the environment.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.66-80
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• 1977

사과 증류주(apple One spirit) 숙성에 있어서 국산 참나무의 품종이 fine spirit숙성 술통재로서의 적성여부를 검토하는 기초적 연구의 일환으로 본 연구를 실행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 양조 원료를 대체 할 수 있는 과실로서 현재 대량생산 되는 과실의 화학분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 사과 : (Apple) (Malus pumila Miller var domestica Schneider) 중 홍옥(Jonathan)은 총당 13.95%, 총산 0.46%, 휘발산 0.012%, pectin 0.20%, 국광(Ralls)은 총당 13.35%, 총산 0.43%, 휘발산 0.011%, pectin 0.455%이었다. 2. 사과중에는 당분과 산 이외에 cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose 등 때문에 사과즙수을이 떨어짐으로 Aspergillus niger SUAFM-430의 xylanase와 amylase, Aspergillus niger SUAFM-6의 cellulase, pectinase를 사과즙에 처리하여 사과즙의 수율을 향상시켰다. 그리고 이황산 처리로 과즙중 여러 미생물을 살균하고 배양효모로서 발효능이 우수한 sacharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoidens Rasse Johannisberg II (SUAFM-1018)을 사용하여 사과주를 양조하였다. 사과주(Apple wine)는 원료에 대한 수율이 $86{\sim}87%$이고 Jonathan, Ralls가 ethanol 13.5%, extract분 5.4%, methanol $0.04{\sim}0.05%$이었다. 3. 사과주의 증류수(fine spirit) 제조는 단식증류법(Pot still)으로 2회 증류로서 실험하였다. 사과(apple) fine spirit는 apple wine mash에 대한 수율이 86.6%이고, 홍옥(Jonathan) fine spirit는 pH 4.1, 국광(Ralls) fine spirit는 pH 4.2이었다. 4. 사과주를 증류하여 제조한 fine spirit를 숙성시키기 위하여 국산 참나무 24품종을 나무의 심재(心材) (Inner part)와 변재(邊材) (Outer part)를 사용하여 fine spirit의 숙성융통제를 선발하는 실험을 하였다. 참나무 24품종과 그의 심재, 변재 별로 참나무의 절편(oaa chip) $(1{\times}1{\times}5cm)$을 만들고 oakchip 2개를 각 fine spirit 300ml씩 들은 640ml용맥주병에 담그고, 6개월간 숙성시키면서 색, 향기, 맛 등을 조사하였다. A. 숙성용술통재 선발의 1차 screen결과로서 색추출속도가 우수한 참나무 품종은 다음 순서와 같다. 갈참나무(심재) Quercus aliena Blume(Inner part), 굴참나무(변재) Q variabilis Blume (Outer part), 갈참나무(변재) Q. aliena Blume (Outer part), 졸참나무(심, 변재) Q. serrata Thumb (Inner & Outer part), 신갈참나무(변, 심재) Q. mongolca Fisher (Outer & Inner part), 상수리 나무(변, 심재) Q. acutissima Carruthers (Outer & Inner part)의 순서등 5품종을 선정하였다. B. 숙성온도별 영향으로서 실온 $24{\sim}25^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C,\;45^{\circ}C$ 별로 각 fine spirit에 oak chip을 넣고 숙성시킨 결과 $45^{\circ}C$에서 숙성시킨 것이 가장 숙성이 촉진 되었고 다음이 $30^{\circ}C$, 다음이 실온에서 한 순서의 경향이었다. C. 투명한 삼각후라스크에 각 fine spirit에 oak chip을 담그고 자외선 조사를 하여 3개월간 숙성 시켰드니 숙성효과가 contral구 보다 거의 2배가 촉진하는 흥미있는 사실을 확인하였다. D. 사과주에서 증류한 fine spirit 300ml에 2개의 oak chip을 담그어 숙성시킴에 있어 oak chip의 여러성분이 fine spirit에 용출되여 나오는 정도가 fine spirit의 pH에 중요한 관계가 있음을 알았다. E. 선정된 5개 품종의 oak chip과 블란서 참나무 술통재(Limousin white oak from France)를 control로 하여 각 사과주를 증류한 fine spirit에 2개의 oak chip($1{\times}1{\times}5cm$)을 담그고 실온, $(24{\sim}25^{\circ}C)$, $30^{\circ}C,\;45^{\circ}C$, 실온에서 자외선조사 하면서 각각 6개월간 매일주일 마다 진탕하면서 숙성시켰다. 6개월간 수성시킨 fine spirit(young brandy)의 관능 검사 결과는 다음과 같다. 불란서 oak chip의 실온 숙성한 fine spirit 하고 비슷한 것은 참갈나무 chip을 넣은 사과의 young bandy($45^{\circ}C$에서 숙성함)이었고 갈참나무 chip을 넣고 실온에서 UV-ray 조사한 사과의 young brandy는 불란서 oak chip의 실온 숙성한 young brandy 보다는 약간 떨어지지만 그런대로 국산 참나무를 각 fine spirit 숙성용으로 이용할 가치가 있음을 알았다.