• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 1997

Characteristics, pathogenicity and control of the causative organisms isolated front diseased cultured flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus were studied. The causative organisms were identified as E tarda by biochemical and biophysical characteristics. Also, it strains were named as E tarda KBF-1 and E tarda KMF-1, and optimal pH of E tarda KBF-1 and E tarda KMF-1 were 8.0, and optimal concentration of NaCl. E tarda KBF-1 was 0% and E tarda KMF-1 was 1%. In the pathogenicity test, 0~10 of the flounders of artificially infected group(E tarda KBF-1) with $1.0{\times}10^7$ cfu/fish were died within 60 hrs, but 0~9 flounders infected group with 41.0{\times}10^6$ cfu/fish were died within 60 hrs. Also, 0~10 flounders infected group(E tarda KMF-1) with $1.0{\times}10^7$ cfu/fish were died within 36 hrs, while 0~7 flounders infected with $1.0{\times}10^6$ cfu/fish were died within 60 hrs. Drug sensitivity of E tarda KBF-1 strain was resistant to AM, CF and N, and intermediate to E, K and S, and sensitivity to C, G, SxT and FF. But E tarda KMF-1 strain was resistant to CF, E and V, and intermediate to AM, C, N and SxT, and sensitivity to GM and FF.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.7-18
• /
• 2007

A total of 1,780 isolates of Enterococcus spp. were isolated from 63,133 clinical specimens from Dec 1, 2005 to Nov 1, 2006 in "C" hospital. Isolation frequencies of Enterococcus spp. were 50.9% for E. faecalis, 41.7% for E. faecium, and 7.4% for other Enterococcus spp. containing E. avium, E. gallinarum, E. casseliflavus, E. durans, E. hirae, and E. raffinosus. There were no significant difference between gender, but according to the age group analysis, Enterococcus spp. were more frequently isolated in patients over 50 years old (20.0~24.6%) than those isolated from the patients under the age of 0~49 (1.3~9.4%). In monthly analysis, Enterococcus spp. were the most frequently isolated in April (11.9%), but presented at lowest frequency in February (5.2%). Seasonal analysis did not show a significant difference. Over half of enterococci were isolated from random urine (44.9%) and catherterized urine (15.7%). Frequencies of vancomycin resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium were 0.1% and 31.0%, respectively. Teicoplanin resistant Enterococcus was 13.3% in E. faecalis, 17.6 % in E. faecium. The Enterococcus species showing over 80% susceptibility against antimicrobial agents were E. faecalis, E. durans and E. hirae in vancomycin; E. faecalis, E. gallinarum, E. casseliflavus, E. durans and E. hirae in ampicillin. The antimicrobial agent showing susceptibility against whole group of Enterococcus species was only linezolid (95.9%), and a selection of antimicrobial agent is necessary to do essential performance identification and susceptibility tests.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.14
• /
• pp.5867-5872
• /
• 2014

Background: Cervical cancer is listed as one of high-incidence endemic diseases in Xinjiang. Our study aimed to evaluate the expression of TLR9 in uterine cervical tissues of Uyghur women and examine associations with clinicopathological variables. We further characterized the direct effects of TLR9 upon the selective silencing of human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 oncoprotein expression in HPV 16-positive human cervical carcinoma cells treated with siRNA in vitro. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry was applied to evaluate TLR9 expression in 97 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cervical samples from Uyghur women; 32 diagnosed with cervical squamous cell carcinomas (CSCC), 14 with low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINI), 10 medium-grade (CINII), 24 high-grade (CINIII), and 17 chronic cervicitis. $BLOCK-iT^{TM}$ U6 RNAi Entry Vector $pENTR^{TM}$/U6-E6 and E7 was constructed and transfected the entry clone directly into the mammalian cell line 293FT. Then the HPV 16-positive SiHa human cervical carcinoma cell line was infected with RNAi recombinant lentivirus. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to determine the expression of TLR9 in both SiHa and HPV 16 E6 and E7 silenced SiHa cells. Results: Immunohistochemical staining showed that TLR9 expression was undetectable (88.2%) or weak (11.8%) in chronic cervicitis tissues. However, variable staining was observed in the basal layer of all normal endocervical glands. TLR9 expression, which was mainly observed as cytoplasmic staining, gradually increased in accordance with the histopathological grade in the following order: chronic cervicitis (2/17, 11.8%)

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.15-23
• /
• 2013

AprE51 from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CH51 is a 27 kDa subtilisin-like protease with fibrinolytic activity. AprE51-6 showing increased catalytic activity was produced previously. To enhance the thermostability of AprE51-6, 2 residues, Gly-166 and Asn-218 based on B. subtilis subtilisin E were mutated by site-directed mutagenesis. The results of the mutational analysis showed that substitution of arginine for Gly-166 (AprE51-7) increased the fibrinolytic activity 1.8-fold. An N218S mutant (AprE51-8) also increased the fibrinolytic activity up to 4.5-fold in a fibrin plate assay. Purified AprE51-7 and AprE51-8 mutants had a 1.9- and a 2.5-fold higher $k_{cat}$, respectively, and a 2.1-1.9-fold lower $K_m$, respectively. This resulted in a 3.8- and a 4.7-fold increase in catalytic efficiency ($k_{cat}/K_m$), respectively, relative to that of wild-type AprE51. AprE51-8 had a broader pH range than AprE51-6 and nattokinase, especially at an alkaline pH value. In addition, AprE51-8 showed higher thermostability than AprE51-6 at $60^{\circ}C$. The half-lives of AprE51-7 and AprE51-8 at $50^{\circ}C$ were 21.5 and 27.3 min, respectively, which are 2.0 and 2.6 times longer, respectively, than that of the wild-type AprE51.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.366-372
• /
• 2000

Volatile flavor components in three grape(Vitis vinifera L.) varieties were extracted by SDE(Simultaneous steam distillation and extraction) method using the mixture of n-pentane and diethylether(1:1, v/v) as an extract solvent. Grapes of the following varieties were studies : Blackolympia, Campbell and Delaware. The volatile extracts were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. The totals of 77, 72 and 74 volatile flavor components were identified in Blackolympia, Campbell and Delaware, respectively. (E)-2-Hexenal(20.36%), diethylacetal(18.03%), hexanal and ethyl acetate were contained as the main compounds of Blackolympia. In Campbell, ethyl acetate(30.81%) was relatively more abundant than other compounds and among functional groups, C$\_$6/ aldehydes and alcohols were major constituents of the extract. On the other hand, in Delaware, alcohols was the major constituent group and (E)-2-hexenal(21.07%) and (E)-2-hexena1-ol(19.43%) were the main compounds. All of three grape varieties contained a large amount of hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, hexanol, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, thus C$\_$6/-compounds proved to be major volatile components of grape and small amount of terpenols were only detected from Delaware.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 1988

Two new nitro analogs of tranylcypromine, (E)-2-(p-nitrophenyl)cyclopropylamine ((E)-p-NTCP) and (E)-2-(m-nitrophenyl)cyclopropylamine ((E)-m-NTCP) were synthesized in order to examine the effect of aromatic nitro substitution on the MAO-inhibitory activity of 2-phenylcyclopropylamines. The compounds were obtained by treating t-butyl (E)-2-(p-nitrophenyl) cyclopropanecarbamate and t-butyl (E)-2-(m-nitrophenyl)cyclopropanecarbamate with p-toluenesulfonic acid in $CH_3$CN. Inhibitions of rat brain mitochondrial MAO-A and B by the compounds were examined using serotonin and benzylamine as the substrate at both in vitro and ex vivo levels. It was found from in vitro measurements that (E)-p-NTCP at $6.0{\times}10^{-5}M$ elicited merely 22.5% inhibition against MAO-B without any effect on MAO-A. In contrast, (E)-m-NTCP showed fair degrees of inhibitions of MAO-A and B with $IC_{50}$ values, $2.5{\times}10^{-7}M\;and\;1.4{\times}10^{-6}M$, respectively. It was also noted from (E)-m-NTCP that m-nitro substitution caused a shift of selectivity of the inhibition toward MAO-A. According to ex vivo measurements at 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 hr following the administration of a dose of 0.015 mmol/kg, i.p. to the rats, the inhibition percents of MAO-A by (E)-m-NTCP were 58.6, 63.7 63.6, and 46.6%, slightly lower than those observed by tranylcypromine. Whereas, (E)-m-NTCP at the same dose level did not show significant inhibitions against both MAO-A and MAO-B. Possible reasons for the difference in potencies between (E)-m-NTCP and (E)-p-NTCP were sought in relation to differing electron withdrawing effects of m- and p-substituents which will influence electron density of the side chain amino functions and the partitions.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.28 no.9
• /
• pp.855-861
• /
• 1995

The longitudinal change of vitamin A concentration and secretion in transitional milk of 32 Korean lactating wormen and vitamin A intake of infants were studied 7, 10 and 15 days postpartum. Retinol concentration of the milk averaged 93.6$\pm$47.1, 80.1$\pm$41.6 and 66.7$\pm$33.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/100ml at 7, 10 and 15 days postpartum respectively and showed decreasing trend in total mothers. $\beta$-carotene concentration showed similar decreasing trend averaged 13.4$\pm$10.6, 8.2$\pm$4.6 and 5.3$\pm$3.4$\mu\textrm{g}$/100ml respectively. Vitamin A concentration decreased with the respective amount of 94.9$\pm$47.1, 80.5$\pm$41.5 and 67.3$\pm$33.0 R.E../100ml during the lactation. The average vitamin A secretion in the milk of all mothers appeared 410.0 R.E/day. Vitamin A secretion of multiparae (450.1 R.E./100ml) appeared not significantly higher than those of primiparae(370.0 R.E./100ml). The average vitamin A intake of infants in the milk averaged 333.7 R.E./day and was 95.3% of RDA for infants. Vitamin A intake per body weight of infants in the milk averaged 110.6, 91.9 and 79.2 R.E./kg/day respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.561-568
• /
• 2005

A newly-isolated thermophilic strain of the zygomycete fungus Rhizomucor pusillus 13.36 produced highly active dextrinogenic and saccharogenic enzymes. Cassava pulp was a good alternative substrate for amylase production. Dextrinogenic and saccharogenic amylases exhibited optimum activities at a pH of 4.0-4.5 and 5.0 respectively and at a temperature of $75^{\circ}C$. The enzymes were highly thermostable, with no detectable loss of saccharogenic or dextrinogenic activity after 1 hand 6 h at $60^{\circ}C$, respectively. The saccharogenic activity was inhibited by $Ca^{2+}$ while the dextrinogenic was indifferent to this ion. Both activities were inhibited by $Fe^{2+}\;and\;Cu^{2+}$ Hydrolysis of soluble starch by the crude enzyme yielded $66\%$ glucose, $19.5\%$ maltose, $7.7\%$ maltotriose and $6.6\%$ oligosaccharides.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.241-248
• /
• 1998

Effects of A23187 on estradiol$-17^{\beta}$-induced vitellogenin (VTG) induction were electrophore-tically examined in primary hepatocyte cultures in rainbow trout. hepatocytes were predultured for 2 days and then estradiol-$17^{\beta}$(E2, $2{\times}10^{-6}$M) and calcium ionophore (A23187, $10^{-7)$~$10^{-5}$ M) were added to the incubation medium. The hepatocytes were cultured for 7 more days. In addition, effects of A23187 on $E_2$-primed VTG production were investigated for 7 days. The addition of A23187 ($10^{-7)$~$10^{-5}$M) to the incubation medium specifically reduced VTG production by hepatocytes in a concentration-dependent way. The addition of A23187 significantly reduced the rate of $E_2$-primed VTG production to 18% of the control (E2 only) on Day 7. However, $E_2$-primed VTG production was reduced to 47% of the control by withdrawal of $E_2$ from the incubation medium. Therefore, these results suggest that intracellualr sequestered calcium could regulate VTG synthesis at the translational and/or post-translational stage.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.63-67
• /
• 2012

Antibiotic resistance in animal isolates of enterococci is a public health concern, because of the risk of transmission of antibiotic-resistant strains or resistance genes to humans through the food chain. This study investigated phenotypic and genotypic resistances profile of tetracycline in 245 $Enterococcus$ isolates from bovine milk. A total of 245 enterococci were isolated from 950 milk samples. The predominant strain was $E.$ $faecalis$ (n = 199, 81.2%) and $E.$ $faecium$ (n = 25, 10.2%). $E.$ $avium$ (n = 7, 2.9%), $E.$ $durans$ (n = 6, 2.5%), $E.$ $gallinarum$ (n = 4, 1.6%), and $E.$ $raffinosus$ (n = 4, 1.6%) were also isolated. Of the 245 enterococcal isolates 76.3% (n = 187) displayed tetracycline resistance (${\geq}16{\mu}g/ml$). Of the 187 tetracycline-resistant isolates, 83.4% (n = 156), 16.1% (n = 30), and 26.7% (n = 50) possessed the genes $tet$(M), $tet$(L), $tet$(S) respectively. While 3.2% (n = 6) of the tetracycline-resistant isolates possessed all three genes $tet$(M) + $tet$(L) + $tet$(S), 8.6% (n = 16), 16.0% (n = 30), and 2.7% (n = 5) of them possessed two genes $tet$(M) + $tet$(L), $tet$(M) + $tet$(S), and $tet$(L) + $tet$(S) respectively. The tetracycline resistance pattern investigated in this study was attributable mainly to the presence of $tet$(M).