• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.135-147
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• 1988

To compare the stimulation effect of the ratio in follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in induction of multiple follicular growth, the serum $E_2$ level, the diameter of follicle, number of aspirated follicles and cleavage rate of in vitro fertilized preovulatory oocytes as well as the pregnancy rate were evaluated. Forty one patients with irreparable tubal disease were stimulated by hMG(n=24) or FSH/hMG(n=17) for the purpose of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. The following results were obtained. 1. Serum estradiol($E_2$) levels on the day of hCG administration were $921.0{\pm}353.3\;pg/ml$ in hMG group and $1272.9{\pm}1060.6\;pg/ml$ in FSH/hMG group. The serum $E_2$ value of hMG group was significantly lower than that of FSH/hMG group. 2. The diameter of leading follicle by ultrasonogram on the day of hCG administration were $16.2{\pm}2.0\;mm$ in hMG group and $16.2{\pm}2.6\;mm$ in FSH/hMG group. No significant difference of follicle diameter between two groups was demonstrated. 3. The number of follicles with diameter above 10 mm by sonogram on the day of hCG injection were $3.91{\pm}2.32$ in hMG group and $6.52{\pm}3.86$ in FSH/hMG group. There was significant difference of number of follicles between two groups, (p< 0.01). 4. The number of oocytes found per patient at aspiration were $2.59{\pm}1.00$ in hMG group and 3. $76{\pm}2.31$ in FSH/hMG group. There was significant difference of number of aspirated oocytes between two groups. (p< 0.05). 5. The detection rate of preovulatory oocyte at aspiration were 68.4%(39/57) in hMG group (n=22) and 77.6%(38/49) in FSH/hMG group (n=13). 6. The cleavage rate of preovulatory oocyte at 44 hours after insemination were 74.4%(29/39) in hMG group(n=22) and 81.6%(31/38) in FSH/hMG group (n=13). When only hMG was used, one pregnancy was established in 15 patients to whom 29 zygotes were transferred. And a full term normal female baby was delivered by elective cesarean section. In the FSH/hMG group, five pregnancies out of 9 transferred patients were confirmed by serum ${\beta}-hCG$. Two pregnancies were spontaneously aborted before the 6th week of pregnancy. One patient aborted her baby at the 18th week of pregnancy because of incompetent internal os of the cervix. Two patients delivered two full term babies by elective cesarean section. From the above findings, paralell with the increase in the ratio of exogenous follicle stimulating hormone to luteinizing hormone, an increase in oocyte recovery was observed as well as an improvements in pregnancy rate. It was concluded that FSH enrichment early in the follicular phase had a beneficial effect in the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2005

The effect of additive composition, using AlN and $Er_{2}O_{3}$ as sintering additives, on the mechanical properties of liquid-phase-sintered, and subsequently annealed SiC ceramics was investigated. The microstructures developed were quantitatively analyzed by image analysis. The average thickness of SiC grains increased with increasing the $Er_{2}O_{3}/(AlN + Er_{2}O_{3})$ ratio in the additives whereas the aspect ratio decreased with increasing the ratio. The mechanical properties versus $Er_{2}O_{3}/(AlN + Er_{2}O_{3})$ ratio curve had a maximum; i.e., there was a small composition range at which optimum mechanical properties were realized. The best results were obtained when the ratio ranged from 0.4 to 0.6. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of the SiC ceramics were $550\~650\;MPa$ and $5.5\~6.5$ MPa${\cdot}m^{1/2}$, respectively.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.939-947
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• 2010

IEEE 802.11n 무선 랜 표준의 채널 부호화 방법 중 하나인 LDPC(Low-Density Parity-Check) 부호는 오류정정 성능이 매우 우수하나 복호기 회로의 복잡도가 커서 복호성능과 하드웨어 복잡도 사이의 trade-off 관계를 고려한 설계가 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 최소합 알고리듬(Min-Sum Algorithm; MSA) 기반 LDPC 복호기에서 LLR(Log-Likelihood Ratio) 근사화가 복호성능에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 이를 통해 LDPC 복호기의 최적 설계조건을 도출하였다. IEEE 802.11n 무선 랜 표준의 블록길이 1,944 비트, 부호화율 1/2의 LDPC 패리티 검사 행렬과 최소합 기반의 반복복호 알고리듬을 적용하여 LLR 근사화에 따른 비트오율(BER) 성능을 분석하였다. $BER=10^{-3}$에 대해 LLR 비트 폭 (6,4)와 (7,5)의 $E_b/N_o$는 0.62 dB의 차이를 보였으며, 최대 반복복호 횟수 6과 7에 대한 $E_b/N_o$의 차이는 약 0.3 dB로 나타났다. 시뮬레이션 결과로부터, LLR 근사화 비트 폭이 (7,5)이고 반복복호 횟수가 7인 경우에 가장 우수한 비트오율 성능을 나타내었다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.154-158
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• 2021

550 nm 파장대에서 O₂/Ar+O₂ 혼합기체 농도비가 0에서 7.9 %로 변화 시 Mn 도핑된 SnO₂ 투명전도막의 투과율은 80.9에서 85.4 %로 밴드갭 에너지는 3.0에서 3.6 eV로 증가하였다. 비저항은 O₂/Ar+O₂ 혼합기체 농도비가 0에서 2.7 %까지 증가 시 3.21 Ω·cm에서 0.03 Ω·cm으로 감소하다 이후 7.9 %로 증가 시에는, 52.0 Ω·cm으로 급격하게 상승하였다. XPS 분석결과 혼합기체 O₂/Ar+O₂에서 O₂ 농도의 증가로 Sn_3d5/2의 결합에너지가 486.40에서 486.58 eV로, O_1s의 결합에너지도 530.20에서 530.34 eV로 조금 변화하였다. 따라서 스파터링 방법으로 제조한 Mn 도핑된 SnO₂ 투명전도막에서 O₂ 농도변화에 따라 SnO와 SnO₂ 2개의 상이 공존하는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2005

애모무늬잎말이나방은 배의 주요 해충으로서 유충이 잎과 과실을 가해한다. Adoxophyes 속의 성페로몬은 4가지 성분(Z9-14:Ac, Z11-14:Ac, E11-14:Ac, 10me-12:Ac)이 보고되어 있다. 본 연구는 3개 지역(천안, 상주, 나주)의 배 과원에서 발생하고 있는 개체군들 간에 성페로몬 조성의 차이를 구명하기 위해 실시하였다. 처녀 암컷의 성페로몬 샘에서 추출한 물질을 GC로 분석한 결과, 천안과 상주개체군에서는 2가지 성분(Z9-14:Ac와 Z11-14:Ac)이 검출된 반면, 나주 개체군의 경우에는 4가지 성분이 모두 검출되었다. 천안 개체군에서는 Z9-14:Ac와 Z11-14:Ac가 80 : 20의 비율로 검출되었으나 상주개체군에서는 3 :97의 비율로 검출되었다. 한편 나주 개체군의 경우에는 Z9-14:Ac, Z11-14:Ac, E11-14:Ac, 10me-12:Ac가 31:62:6:1의 비율로 검출되었다. 야외에서 Z9-14:Ac와 Z11-14:Ac의 혼합비율을 달리한 트랩에 유인된 수컷 수를 조사한 결과, 천안, 상주, 나주 지역의 배 과원에서 가장 효과적인 성분조성은 각각 80:20, 10:90, 30:70이었다. 이러한 결과들은 배 과원에서 발생하고 있는 애모무늬잎말이나방의 성페로몬 조성이 지역에 따라 상당한 변이가 존재하는 것으로 보아 이들 개체군간의 분류학적 위치에 대한 면밀한 검토가 필요함을 보여주고 있다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2020년도 학술발표회
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• pp.4-4
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• 2020

Three wildfires severely damaged local towns and forests in Gangwon-do, South Korea in 2019 April 4-5. Local hydrological regime could be greatly altered by the wildfires, therefore it is important to assess its damage (e.g. area and severity) and also resultant changes in hydrological fluxes. We retrieved the Normalized-Burned Ratio (NBR) index using remote-sensing data (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 500-m 8-day surface reflectance data), and delineated the damaged-area based on the difference in the NBR (dNBR) before and after the wildfires. We then estimated changes in the annual evapotranspiration (AET) in 2019 using the MODIS evapotranspiration data (500-m 8-day). It was found that the damaged-area of the three wildfires was 29.50 km^2 in total, which take up 1.00-6.19% area of five catchments. It was estimated that the AET would be decreased as 0.05-1.56% over those five catchments, as compared to the pre-fire AET (2004-2018). The impact of the wildfires on the catchment AET was less severe than expected (i.e. up to 1.56%) mostly because two big wildfires were distributed across two catchments respectively (i.e. four catchments for the two wildfires) and the other wildfire was small and not severe. This study highlights the importance of assessing the area and severity of a wildfire when estimating its impact on the local hydrological cycle.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.8-16
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• 1991

In order to investigate the fine structure of PET films, PET films were stretchd at various draw ratios (2, 3, 4, 5) below $T_g$ ($72^{\circ}C$) and then annealed at various temperatures (125, 150, 175, $200^{\circ}C$) under free-annealed (FA) and taut-annealed (TA) conditions. Such changes as thermal shrinkage, crystallinity, crystallite size, dynamic viscoelasticity and thermal behaviour were measured in relation to the draw ratio and annealing condition.The following results were obtained. 1. Thermal shirinkage increased with increasing annealing temperature and draw ratio, but decreased in case of draw ratio 4 (draw ratio 3 at $200^{\circ}C$) and above it. 2. The degree of crystallinity of FA samples were higher than those of TA samples. 3. Tan 5 of TA samples were less than those of FA samples, and storage moduli (E') and loss moduli (E") of FA samples were less than those of TA samples; moreover, maximum tan '||'&'||' temperature of FA samples were shifted toward higher temperature than those of TA samples. 4. The melting endotherm ($T_m$) and heat of fusion $(\DeltaH)$ of the PET film increased with the draw ratio and annealing temperature; in addition, premelting endotherm ($T_m$) and heat of fusion $(\DeltaH)$ of the local crystallization in the FA samples were larger than those of TA samples. 5. The X-ray diffraction pattern displayed sharp peaks gradually with the draw ratio and annealing temperature. 6. Crystallite sizes of FA samples were larger than those of TA samples.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.299-305
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• 1987

폴리에틸렌필름(P.E) 피복(被覆)이 토양(土壤)의 지온(地溫), 수분(水分), 삼상분포(三相分布), 비료(肥料)의 경시(經時) 변화(變化)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 토양온도(土壤溫度) : 최고(最高), 최저온도(最低溫度) 모두 투명(透明)P.E피복(被覆) > 흑색(黑色)P.E피복(被覆) > 노지(露地)의 순(順)으로 높았고, 투명(透明)과 흑색(黑色)의 P.E피복구(被覆區) 사이의 온도차(溫度差)는 $2{\sim}4^{\circ}C$, 투명(透明)P.E피복(被覆)과 노지구(露地區)사이에는 $6{\sim}^{\circ}C$였다. 피복유무(被覆有無)에 따른 지온차(地溫差)는 최저온도(最低溫度)에서보다 최고온도(最高溫度)에서 흐린 날 또는 강우시(降雨時)보다 청천일(晴天日)에서가 차(差)가 컸다. 2) 토양수분(土壤水分) : 건조기(乾燥期)에 있어서 수분함량(水分含量)은 흑색(黑色)P.E > 투명(透明)P.E의 피복(被覆) > 노지(露地)의 순위(順位)로 높았으며, P.E피복구(被覆區)와 무피복구(無被覆區) 사이에는 5% 내외(內外)의 수분(水分) 함량차(含量差)를 나타냈다. 그러나, 우기(雨期)에는 P.E피복구(被覆區)보다 노지구(露地區)의 수분함량(水分含量)이 7~8% 높았으나 P.E필름종류간(種類間)에는 거의 차이(差異)가 없었다. 3) 토양삼상분포(壤三相分布) : 건조기(乾操期)에는 평균(平均) 액상비(液相比)가 노지구(露地區)에서보다 P.E피복구(被覆區)에서 3~4% 높았고, 기상비氣相比)는 P.E피복구(被覆區)보다 노지구(露地區)에서 높았다. 우기(雨期)에 있어서는 반대(反對)로 노지구(露地區)에서보다 P.E피복구(被覆區)에서 기상비(氣相比)가 7~8% 적었고, 기상비(氣相比)는 노지구(露地區)보다 P.E피복구(被覆區)에서 컸다. 4) 토양중(土壤中) 비료성분(肥料成分)의 변화(変化) : 퇴비(堆肥)와 복비(複肥)를 시용(施用)한 고추포장(圃場)에서 유기물함량(有機物含量)은 시용(施用) 58일(日)까지는 흑색(黑色)P.E > 투명(透明)P.E의 피복(被覆) > 노지구(露地區)의 순(順)으로 높았으나 그 후(後)에는 차(差)가 좁혀졌다. 복비((複肥)만 시용(施用)한 땅콩포장(圃場)에서 유기물함량(有機物含量)은 시용(施用) 30일(日) 후(後)까지는 노지구(露地區)에서가 투명(透明) P.E피복구(被覆區)에서보다 약간(若千) 높은 경향(傾向)을 보였으나, 그 후(後)부터는 차(差)가 없었다 고추포장(圃場)에 있어서 질소함량(窒素含量)은 건조기간(乾燥期間) 중(中)에는 P.E피복유무간(被覆有無間)에 근소(僅少)한 차(差)를 보였으나 시비(施肥) 86 일(日) 후(後)인 우기(雨期)에는 피복구(被覆區)보다 노지구(露地區)에서 그 함량(含量)이 급속(急速)히 감소(減少)되었다. 땅콩포장(圃場)에 있어서 질소함량(窒素含量)은 피복(被覆) 유무간(有無間)에 거의 차이(差異)가 없었으며, 시비(施肥) 36 일(日) 후(後)까지는 서서히 그 양(量)이 감소(減少)하였으나, 58 일(日) 이후(以後)부터는 급감(急減)하였다. 땅콩과 고추의 잎 중(中) 질소함량(窒素含量)은 P.E피복구(被覆區)가 노지구(露地區)보다 뚜렷이 높았다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.647-653
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate the contents of dietary fiber (DF), compositions of fatty acids in lipid fraction and amino acids in salt-soluble protein from the functional food source such as Platycodi radix, perilla seed, evening primrose seed and aloe vera. The contents of dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber (N.D.F) , acid detergent fiber( A.D.F) . kignin, hemicellulose an dcellulose in evening primorse seed were higher than those of other samples, except the content of cellulose .The ration of polyunsaturated /saturated (P/S) fatty acid in total lipids was 6.31 in perilla seed, which was higher than those of other samples. The content of linolenic acid (n-3) in perilla seed was 55.47%. The content of linoleic acid (n-6) in evening primrose seed was 71.88% , which was higher than those of other samples. The fatty acid composition in neutral lipids were the same as those of total lipids. The PUFA contents of fatty acid in glycolipids were 61.76% in perilla seed. And also, the ratio of n-6/n-3 in evening primrose seed was 15.19. The fatty acid compositions in phospholipids were the sameas those of glycolipids. The contents of PUFA in Platycodi radix were 62.96% . The essential amino acid contents of salt-soluble protein were 47 mole % in Platycodi radix , which was slightly higher than those other samples. The ration of essential amino acid /nonessential amino acid (E/N) was 0.9 and 0.66 in Platycodi radix and aloe vera, respectively.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.172-184
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• 2024

Purpose: The original eCura system was designed to stratify the risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) after endoscopic resection (ER) in patients with early gastric cancer (EGC). We assessed the effectiveness of a modified eCura system for reflecting the characteristics of undifferentiated-type (UD)-EGC. Materials and Methods: Six hundred thirty-four patients who underwent non-curative ER for UD-EGC and received either additional surgery (radical surgery group; n=270) or no further treatment (no additional treatment group; n=364) from 18 institutions between 2005 and 2015 were retrospectively included in this study. The eCuraU system assigned 1 point each for tumors >20 mm in size, ulceration, positive vertical margin, and submucosal invasion <500 ㎛; 2 points for submucosal invasion ≥500 ㎛; and 3 points for lymphovascular invasion. Results: LNM rates in the radical surgery group were 1.1%, 5.4%, and 13.3% for the low-(0-1 point), intermediate- (2-3 points), and high-risk (4-8 points), respectively (P-fortrend<0.001). The eCuraU system showed a significantly higher probability of identifying patients with LNM as high-risk than the eCura system (66.7% vs. 22.2%; McNemar P<0.001). In the no additional treatment group, overall survival (93.4%, 87.2%, and 67.6% at 5 years) and cancer-specific survival (99.6%, 98.9%, and 92.9% at 5 years) differed significantly among the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk categories, respectively (both P<0.001). In the high-risk category, surgery outperformed no treatment in terms of overall mortality (hazard ratio, 3.26; P=0.015). Conclusions: The eCuraU system stratified the risk of LNM in patients with UD-EGC after ER. It is strongly recommended that high-risk patients undergo additional surgery.