• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.20-33
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to afford basic data for planning a program to strategically prevent adolescent sexual violence by clarifying the concept of sexual violence in adolescence and investigating factors influencing the adolescent attitudes towards sexual violence. Subjects of the study were 288 adolescents between the ages of 14 to 21, living in K city in Chungnam Province. The data was collected for this study between May 30 and June 13, 2001. For this study, the following materials were used as instruments: the types of attitudes toward sexual violence developed by Nam, S. Y.(2000), the antisocial personality by Min, B. K., Choi, S. J., & Lee, G. H.(1978), the self-esteem developed by Rosenberg(1965) and interpreted by Jeon, B. J.(1974), the family support developed by Cobb(1976), the stereotyped sex role and the attitude on sexuality by Kim, E. J.(1997). The data was analyzed, using SPSS 7.5 for Windows Program, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and discriminant analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Adolescents of the first type, ones blaming social morals, amounted to 34.7%(100 subjects), the second type, ones blaming the victims, amounted to 22.3%(64 subjects), the third type, ones claiming reform of consciousness, amounted to 25.3%(73 subjects), and the fourth type, ones coping actively, amounted to 17.7%(51 subjects). 2. Attitudes toward sexual violence were influenced a great deal by the sex of the subject. 3. The study revealed that various types of the attitudes toward sexual violence was significantly different from one another, related to antisocial personality(F=2.80, P=.04). Especially the first type and the third type were most different from each other. The latter showed the antisocial personality strongly, compared with the former. 4. Discriminant analysis revealed that the most powerful predictors of attitudes toward sexual violence were the sex of the subject and whether or not they had an antisocial personality. 5. The degree of possibility of identifying a risk group of adolescents was 45.9% and the possibility of identifying a non-risk group was 73.3%. The hit ratio was 67.8%. In conclusion, the results of the study lead us to understand the type of adolescent attitudes toward sexual violence. The results will be useful to furnish a guideline for nursing intervention and education programs to prevent sexual violence in adolescence.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.27-36
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• 1973

The primary purpose of this research paper is to study the nutrition intake status of high school students and their physical growth and development. Further, it made an attempt to find and define nutritional problems and assist in their growth and development through proper nutritional management. One hundred students in both sexes, first year grade in senior high school were provided with questionnaires. For six days the respondents filled out the questionnaires. They were asked to keep record of what they ate each meal. Their nutritional intake were analyzed in accordance with what they ate. Findings, conducted on percentage, CR test, t test, and F test, were as follows: 1. For the living circumstance a) Average numbers of brother and sister in sampled family were four. b) Seventy to eighty percent of the students were brought up by mother's milk at their infants and approximately 40% of students were weaned at the age of 7 to 18 months. c) Fifty percent of the respondents revealed irregulity in their meal time. d) Monthly average expenditure for daily food reached $20{\sim}40%$ out of total income. e) The most favorite foods reflect as follows: The most favorite main dish is boiled rice and side dish beaf. Fruits. juice, milk, ice cream are more popular snack among whole students. 2. Nutrition survey a) Calory sad nutrients were found to be below the recommended level, especially in calcium, vitamins A, $B_2$ and C. b) The total calory intake were composed of 73% from carbohydrate, 14% from protein and 13% from fat in the case of boys. The girls were 65%, 14%, 21% respectively. c) Both boys and girls in their animal protein intake averaged about 33% out of total protein intake. d) Meat consumption of the majority respondents were proportionate in $10{\sim}20%$ in their total food consumption. 3. The result of statistical analysis were as follows: a) Statistical significant differences in the relationship between the calory intake and physical growth index were observed at the level of p<0.05. b) Statistical significant differences in the relationship between the protein intake and physical growth index were observed at the level of p<0.05. c) Statistical significant differences in the relationship between meal time and physical growth index were observed at the level of 0.02<0.05. d) No statistical significant differences in the relationship among calory, protein intake and school records as well as intelligence were found. The experiment indicated that there is a direct relationship between nutrition and the physical growth and development, whereas There seems to be an indirect relationship between nutrition and intelligence.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study is to analyze aneurysm morphology and define limitations and feasibility in endovascular Gugliemi detachable coil[GDC] embolization for anterior communicating artery [ACoA] aneurysms. Methods : From January 2000 through October 2003, 123patients were treated with endovascular coil embolization for ACoA aneurysms. There were 75women and 48men, with a mean age of 63years. All ruptured aneurysms were treated within 15days of rupture. Aneurysm morphology was classified according to neck size and projection of aneurysm dome as follows-A : neck of aneurysm <4mm & anterior projection, B : neck of aneurysm [4mm & anterior projection, C : neck of aneurysm<4mm & posterior [superior] projection, D : neck of aneurysm [4mm & posterior [superior] projection, E : neck of aneurysm<4mm & inferior projection, and F : neck of aneurysm [4mm & inferior projection. Endovascular procedures were categorized as either "successful" or "unsuccessful". Clinical follow-up was estimated at discharge and at 6months, post treatment results were classified according to Glasgow Outcome Scale[GOS]. Results : Successful embolization for ACoA was performed in 86patients of 123patients [69.9%]. Complete or near complete aneurysm occlusion was observed in 102patients [82.9%]; a neck remnant was observed in 6patients [4.9%]; partial embolization was done in 3patients [2.4%]; and embolization was attempted in 12patients [9.8%]. Among 55patients with follow-up angiographic results, 18patients [32.7%] were defined as recanalization of the aneurysm sac. Morphological analysis demonstrated that anterior projecting aneurysms and morphological classifications [morphological classifications worsens [A - D] chances of successful coil occlusion significantly decrease] were major factors in successful embolization, and, inferiorly projecting and wide neck [${\ge}4mm$] aneurysms are highly related to recanalization of aneurysms. Conclusion : Endovascular coil embolization of ACoA aneurysms shows good outcome in our study. Nevertheless, there is a limitation in the endovascular approach to ACoA, even though advanced modern techniques evolve rapidly. Compensatory surgical approach with the endovascular approach is required for successful treatment of ACoA aneurysms.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2003

우리나라의 비신호교차로의 유형은 양방향정지식과 무통제식으로 분류될 수 있다. 무통제식은 국내외에서도 용량이나 서비스수준 분석에 관한 연구가 거의 전무하다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 유형의 무통제 교차로의 서비스 수준을 분석할 수 있는 방법론을 개발하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 우선 무통제 교차로의 서비스수준을 평가할 수 있는 효과척도 선정을 위한 분석을 수행하였다. 교통량, 상충횟수, 교차로 통행시간(지체) 등을 분석한 결과, 상충횟수과 교통량이 선형의 관계를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타나 이 2가지를 효과척도로 선정하였다. 서비스수준 E와 F의 경계가 되는 교통량(용량)은 1985 USHCM의 전방향정지식 교차로의 용량을 참고로 2000대/시로 하였으며 이때 상충횟수는 300회가 된다. 그리고 서비스수준별 상충횟수와 교통량을 용량상태를 기준으로 비례적으로 배분하였다. 교차로 총교통량으로 서비스수준을 결정할 때. 방향별 교통량비가 상충횟수에 영향을 주는 것으로 분석되어 방향별 교통량비에 대한 서비스 교통량을 보정하는 방법을 제안하였다.

• 한국인구학
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.133-155
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• 2008

본 연구는 강원도의 인구이동 유형과 특성을 밝히는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 우선 강원도 인구분포의 변화 양상을 검토하였다. 연구결과 강원도 18개 시군 중 춘천과 원주를 제외한 시군에서 모두 인구감소를 겪고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 춘천의 경우 도청소재지와 영서북부권의 거점도시로서의 역할을 담당하고 있다는 점에서 그 이유를 찾을 수 있다. 앞으로 경춘전철 및 고속도로 건설에 따른 서울 및 수도권과의 접근성이 향상될 경우 춘천의 인구는 지속적으로 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 원주시는 교통망이 전국적으로 연결된다는 점과 최근 기업 도시, 혁신도시에 선정되면서 발전가능성이 높게 인식되면서 인구를 끌어들이고 있다. 이에 반해 강릉은 거점도시로서의 역할이 점차 약화되는 특성을 보이고 있다. 이와 함께 본 연구는 강원도의 인구이동 유형을 6개 그룹으로 분류하여 검토하였으며, 이를 다시 시기별로 분석하였다. 분석결과 $2000{\sim}2003$년 사이에는 중간거점도시가 춘천, 속초, 동해, 강릉 등 5곳 이었으나, $2004{\sim}2007$년 사이에는 원주, 춘천 등 2곳만이 중간거점도시로서의 기능을 유지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 속초와 동해는 서울, 경기도로 주로 옮겨가는 특성을 보였으며, 강릉은 서울, 경기와 춘천 및 원주로 동시에 유출되는 특성을 보였다. 이와 함께 분석결과는 조사기간 중 전반기에는 중간거점도시보다 수도권으로의 인구이동이 많았으나 후반기에 들어서 거점도시인 춘천, 원주로 옮겨간 인구수가 거점도시에서 수도권으로 간 인구수보다 더 많은 특징을 보였다. 이는 중간거점도시의 영향력이 점차 커지고 있음을 보여주는 것으로 이해 될 수 있다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.685-689
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• 2001

Sr 페라이트 자석의 자기적 특성을 향상시키기 위하여 화학량론적 조건인 $SrFe_{ 12}$$O_{19}$ [SrM]에서 $_{11.7}$Co$SrFe_{0.3}$ $O_{19}$[$Co_{0.3}$ -SrM]/ 및 $Sr_{0.7}$ $La_{0.3}$F $e_{11.7}$ $Co_{0.3}$ $O_{19}$ /[(La-Co)$_{0.3}$-SrM] 조성으로 혼합후 공기중 하소를 실시하여 하소분의 특성을 조사하였고, 소결조제와 함께 미분쇄한 후 공기 중에서 소결하여 페라이트 자석을 제조한 후 자기특성 변화를 조사하였다. 화학량론적인 조성에서 (La-Co)$_{0.3}$-SrM 조성으로 원소치환을 실시한 하소분말을 사용하여 제조한 페라이트 자석의 소결특성은 포화자화 ($M_{s}$ ) 71.08 emu/g, 보자력 ($iH_{c}$ ) 4.38 kOe 및 잔류자속밀도 ($B_{r}$ ) 4.18 kG, 보자력 ($iH_{c}$ ) 4.35 kOe, 최대에너지적($BH_{max}$ ) 4.3 MGOe으로 화학량론적인 조건에 비해 B $H_{max}$가 10% 이상 더 큰 자기특성값을 나타내었다.나타내었다.다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.16-26
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• 2007

Wild progenitor species provide potential gene sources for complex traits such as yield and multiple resistances to biotic and abiotic stresses, and thus are expected to contribute to sustainable food supplies. An introgression line 'IR71033-121-15' was derived from a wild species Oryza minuta (2n = 48, BBCC, Acc No. 101141) at IRRI. Introgression analysis using 530 SSR and STS markers revealed that at least 14 chromosomal segments distributed over 12 chromosomes had been introgressed from O. minuta. An $F_{2:3}$ population from the cross between IR71033 and Junambyeo (a Korean japonica cultivar) consisting of 146 lines was used for quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of 16 agronomic traits. A total of 36 single-locus QTLs (S-QTLs) and 45 digenic epistasis (E-QTLs) were identified. In spite of it's inferiority of O. minuta for most of the traits studied, its alleles contributed positively to 57% of the QTLs. The other QTLs originated from either parent, IR71033 or Junambyeo. QTLs for phenotypically correlated traits were mostly detected on introgressed segments. Fourteen QTLs corresponded to QTLs reported earlier, indicating that these QTLs are stable across genetic backgrounds. Twenty-two QTLs controlling yield and its components had not been detected in previous QTL studies. Of these, thirteen consisted of potentially novel alleles from O. minuta. QTLs from O. minuta introgression could be new sources of natural variation for the genetic improvement of rice.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2006

Background and Objectives : Training of breath support and laryngeal muscles control are important components in the development of the singing voice. The purpose of this study is to compare characteristics of respiratory and phonatory control on pitch, loudness, register change with untrained males and trained male singers. Materials and Methods : The 11 untrained males and 11 trained male singers participated. Closed Quotient(CQ), fundamental frequency (fo) and relative volume contribution of the rib cage (in percentage rib cage, % RC) and relative volume contribution of abdomen (in percentage abdomen, % AB) were measured during various pitch, loudness, register tasks using /a/ vowel phonation : Legato, staccato with C3-D3-E3-F3-G3 notes and crescendo and decrescendo with C3 note as well as modal register with C3 and falsetto register with C4 note using an integrated analysis system of Respiration, EGG and Voice. Results : (1) When pitch increased with legato task, loudness also increased in untrained male group but maintained in trained male singers. CQ was also increased both untrained and trained male singers but it was not significantly different ($p>.05$). The abdomen contribution to lung volume were significantly predominant both in inhalation and exhalation in trained males singers ($p<.05$). (2) When pitch increased with staccato task, CQ was not significantly different in untrained but significantly different in trained male singers. The respiratory function of male singers were characterized by significantly predominant abdomen contribution to lung volume in exhalation except for inhalation ($p<.05$) (3) When loudness increased with crescendo, fo was significantly increased with increasing CQ in untrained males but fo was relatively consistent with increasing CQ in trained male singers. The respiratory function of male singers were characterized by significantly predominant abdomen contribution to lung volume in exhalation except for inhalation ($p<.05$). (4) Most male singers were able to change register from modal to falsetto register, but untrained males were not. Thus, CQ was significantly different between modal and falsetto register in trained male singers ($p<.05$). The respiratory function of male singers were characterized by significantly predominant abdomen contribution to lung volume in exhalation except for inhalation ($p<.05$). Conclusion : Male singers were superior to untrained males in coordination of respiratory and phonatory control on pitch, loudness, register change. Implication are offered regarding how the results might be applied to the voice therapy as well as singing training.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.34-43
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• 1977

This study attempts to examine the performances of Myun Health Workers-the frontline workers in the Korean rural health care delivery system. The time-activity approach was mainly utilized as a measuring tool. This study was undertaken in September 1976 with 35 Myun Health Workers at the Kang Wha County. The pretested time-activity approach sheets were filled out daily for one month by those Myun Health Workers themselves. Statistical means and variances of analysis were utilized for statistical method in comparing some activities and functions converged into time distribution Findings: 1. The workers's average working hours derived in this study is 8 hours and 48 minutes per day, which takes half an hour longer than normal schedule. 2. They spend 56% working hour for direct services, in other words, the main function, 22% for supportive function, and 22% for other activities, the unrelated health services. 3. Considering the total working hours of main function, out-center activity is far more than in-center services with the ratio of 70% to 30% respectively, which proves, therefore, that the main activity of the workers is home visiting. 4. It takes 20 minutes purely for home visiting and takes 14 minutes for transportation. 5. This research also indicates that such factors as characteristics of the health workers and myun influence in shaping the structures of the worker's function and activity: a. The workers whose working site is located in myun office spend 15% among total working hours in carring out official myun activities, which is incidentally unrelated to health services, while the health subcenter have no rooms for administrative jobs for myun office. b. The workers whose office is in health subcenter contribute much time in doing main function and those working in special project distribute more time in performing supportive function. c. The types of workers are another dominant factor to influence the components of worker's functions and activities. MCH workers and MPW I spend much time for manipulating main function. d. MPW II, whose function is reorganized by special project in 2 myuns shows different pattern of time distribution compared to the TB worker orFP worker in the ordinary area. MPW II distributes their time evenly in performing MCH program, T.B. Program, F.P. program and education activity, while the unipurpose workers engage in carring out only their dominant role. e. Another variables which involve the variation of the worker's activity can be illustrated with the variables like target population, size of myun and convenience for transportation, among which the latter two are remarkable factors in determining the time for out-center service.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.315-329
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• 2003

During the 1st Korea-Russia Arctic Expedition from 3 to 26 August, 2000 phytoplankton biomass and nutrient concentration were measured in the Barents and Kara Seas. Total of 57 surface samples were collected f3r the phytoplankton related measurements. Chlorophyll a (chi a) concentraitons were measured to investigate the relations between physico-chemical factors and phytoplankton biomass distribution. Chl a values ranged from 0.14 to $2.34mg\;m^{-3}$ (mean of $0.65{\pm}0.42mg\;m^{-3}$) over the surface stations. The elevated values of the chi a concentrations $(1.49{\sim}2.34mg\;m^{-3})$ were found in the southeastern Barents Sea near the Pechora River. Nanoplanktonic $(<20{\mu}m)$ phytoflagellates were the important contributors for the increase of the chi a. The nano-sized phytoflagellates accounted for more than 80% of the total chi a biomass in the study area. Mean chi a concentration in the Barents Sea $(0.72{\pm}0.57 mg\;m^{-3})$ was higher than in the Kan Sea $(0.52{\pm}0.45mg\;m^{-3})$, but there was no big difference between two areas. Surface temperatures and salinities ranged from 4.1 to $11.7^{\circ}C$ (mean of $8.8{\pm}1.9^{\circ}C$) and from 23.8 to 32.5psu (mean of $30.3{\pm}1.9^{\circ}C$ psu), respectively. The physical factors were not highly correlated with phytoplankton distribution. It is speculated that the insignificant correlation between phytoplankton biomass and physical factor was due to the same current which introduced similar water mass with higher water temperature and lower salinity into the study area. The mean values of major nutrients such as ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and silicate were $0.42{\pm}0.31{\mu}M,\;0.10{\pm}0.03{\mu}M,\;1.44{\pm}1.03{\mu}M,\;0.35{\pm}0.12{\mu}M,\;10.99{\pm}3.45{\pm}M$, respectively. The relations between phytoplankton biomass and nutrient concentration were not close, indicating that the surface nutrient concentrations during the study seem to be controlled by other physical factors such as input of fresh water (i.e. dilution effects).