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Study on Fishy Off-flavor in Porcine Liver by GC-O (GC-olfactometry를 이용한 돼지간의 비린내불쾌취 성분 연구)

  • Im, Sung-Im;Choi, Sung-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.353-358
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    • 2003
  • Volatile compounds of porcine liver were collected by simultaneous steam distillation and extraction and steam distillation under reduced pressure. Volatiles were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry. Key aroma compounds of off-flavor in porcine liver were characterized using GC-olfactometry technique. Concentrates of cooked porcine liver had odor of a typical liver, fishy, and metallic off-flavor. Aroma concentrates showed over 90 peaks, of which 69 compounds were positively and/or tentatively identified. 1-Octen-3-one, 1-hexanol, (E)-2-nonenal, (Z)-4-decenal, (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal and (E,E)-2,4-decadienal were newly identified in this study. These compounds seem to be produced from unsaturated fatty acids of porcine liver by oxidation. 1-Octen-3-one (metallic), 1-hexanol (metallic) and (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal(fishy) have been implicated in fishy and metallic off-flavor in cooked porcine liver.

A study of refraction state of middle aged & manhood in Daegu (대구지역 중·장년층의 굴절상태 연구)

  • Choi, Gei-Hun
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.323-332
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    • 2004
  • This study researched the visual acuity test object and Auto-refractormeter, visual of near power. The object were composed of middle aged, the old men and women who in habit Daegu. The results were as follows : 1. The subjects consisted of 537 people, 29.98% men, 70.02% women. 2. The emmetropia was 1.12% for myopia, 2.79% for hyperopia, 96.09% for astigmatism. 3. The abnormal refraction was composition for myopic compound astigmatism(16.57%), hyperopia compound astigmatism(45.62%), Mixed astigmatism(33.89%). 4. On the Myopic Spherical Equivalent(S.E) power, the range of -0.50D ${\leq}$ M.S.E < -1.00D was 21.67%, -1.00D ${\leq}$ M.S.E < -2.00D was 48.89%, -2.00D ${\leq}$ M.S.E < -6.00D was 29.44%. 5. On the Hyperopic Spherical Equivalent(S.E) power, the range of +0.50D ${\leq}$ H.S.E < +1.00D was 28.57%, +1.00D ${\leq}$ H.S.E < +2.00D was 49.30%, +2.00D ${\leq}$ H.S.E < +6.00D was 23.13%. 6. The addition power was 1.00D(8.01%), 1.50D(8.57%), 2.00D(13.78%), 2.50D(16.57%), 3.00D(16.95%), 3.50D(17.88%), 4.00D(18.25%).

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Studies on Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Characteristics of R-plasmids and Antigens of High-level Gentamicin Resistant Enterococcus faecalis (Gentamicin 고도내성 Enterococcus faecalis균주의 항균제감수성, R-플라스미드 및 항원의 특성연구)

  • Kang, Hyun
    • Biomedical Science Letters
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.55-72
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    • 1995
  • Forty gentamicin-resistant isolates of Enterococcus faecalis were selected from various clinical materials, determined their antimicrobial susceptibility, and studied there R-plasmid characteristics and polypeptide patterns. All of the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin. The MICs($\mu$/ml) of antimicrobial agents to the isolates were as follows; the MIC of gentamicin was 128 and $\geq$2040, ampicillin 1 and 1, chlorarmphenicol 2 and 8, erythromycin 32 and 256, and vancomycin 1 and 2. E. faecalis HL-1 strain had 8 plasmid DNA elements, HL-2 and HL-3 strains had 6, HL-4 had 7, HL-5 had 4, and HL-6 had 5. The 51.7 Kb of gentamicin resistance plasmid DNA was conjugally transferred from two strains of E. faecalis HL-1 and HL-6 to S. aureus SK 982. The plasmid transfer frequency between S. aureus SK 982 and E. faecalis HL-1 or E. faecalis HL-6 was 6.3$\times10^{-4} and 3.7$\times10^{-5}$, respectively. Plasmid curing ratio after the treatment of ethidium bromide(10$\mu$/ml) to E. faecalis tarnsconjugants R-1 and R-6 were about 51% and 67%, respectively. The tetracycline gene was located in 2.15 Kb plasmid of E. faecalis HL-1, but it was not found in the E. faecalis HL-6 by Southern blot analyses. The antigenic components of E. faecalis HL-1, HL-6, R-1 and R-6 strains were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. The E. faecalis strains had 7 to 16 polypeptide bands, however their major proteins were 97.8 and 26.8 Kd. At the Immunoblotting, 97.8, 95.8, 74.8, 63.5, 33.7 and 26.8 Kd polypeptides of the strains showed major antigenic activities with patient's sera infected intra-abdominally with an E. faecalis strain.

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Interaction of Escherichia coli K1 and K5 with Acanthamoeba casfellanii Trophozoites and Cysts

  • Matin, Abdul;Jung, Suk-Yul
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.49 no.4
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    • pp.349-356
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    • 2011
  • The existence of symbiotic relationships between Acanthamoeba and a variety of bacteria is well-documented. However, the ability of Acanthamoeba interacting with host bacterial pathogens has gained particular attention. Here, to understand the interactions of Escherichia coli K1 and E. coli K5 strains with Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites and cysts, association assay, invasion assay, survival assay, and the measurement of bacterial numbers from cysts were performed, and nonpathogenic E. coli K12 was also applied. The association ratio of E. coli K1 with A. castellanii was 4.3 cfu per amoeba for 1 hr but E. coli K5 with A. castellanii was 1 cfu per amoeba for 1 hr. By invasion and survival assays, E. coli K5 was recovered less than E. coli K1 but still alive inside A. castellanii. E. coli K1 and K5 survived and multiplied intracellularly in A. castellanii. The survival assay was performed under a favourable condition for 22 hr and 43 hr with the encystment of A. castellanii. Under the favourable condition for the transformation of trophozoites into cysts, E. coli K5 multiplied significantly. Moreover, the pathogenic potential of E. coli K1 from A. castellanii cysts exhibited no changes as compared with E. coli K1 from A. castellanii trophozoites. E. coli K5 was multiplied in A. castellanii trophozoites and survived in A. castellanii cysts. Therefore, this study suggests that E. coli K5 can use A. castellanii as a reservoir host or a vector for the bacterial transmission.

Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of Low Band Gap π-conjugated Polymers Based on 2-pyran-4-ylidene-malononitrile Derivatives (2-pyran-4-ylidene-malononitrile을 기본으로 하는 작은 Band Gap을 가지는 공중합체의 합성 및 광전변환 특성)

  • You, Hyeri;Shin, Woong;Park, Jeong Bae;Park, Sang Jun;Lim, Jun Heok;Kim, Joo Hyun
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.273-278
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    • 2009
  • A series of poly[2-(2,6-dimethylpyran-4-ylidene)malononitrile-alt-1,4-bis(dodecyloxy)-2,5-divinylbenzene] (PM-PPV), poly[2-{2,6-Bis-[2-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-vinyl]-pyran-4-ylidene}-malononitrile-alt-1,4-bis(dodecyloxy)-2,5-divinylbenzene] (PMT-PPV) and poly[2-[2,6-Bis-(2-{4-[(4-bromophenyl)-phenylamino]-phenyl}-vinyl)-pyran-4-ylidene]-malononitrile-alt-1,4-bis(dodecyloxy)-2,5-divinylbenzene] (PMTPA-PPV) were synthesized by the Heck coupling reaction. The band gap of PM-PPV, PMT-PPV and PMTPA-PPV were 2.18 eV, 1.90 eV and 2.07 eV, respectively. The LUMO energy levels of PM-PPV, PMT-PPV and PMTPA-PPV were 3.65 eV, 3.54 eV and 3.62 eV, respectively and the HOMO energy levels of those were 5.83 eV, 5.61 eV and 5.52 eV, respectively. The photovoltaic devices based on the polymers was fabricated. The efficiency of the solar cells based on PM-PPV, PMT-PPV and PMTPA-PPV were 0.028%, 0.031% and 0.11%, respectively and the open circuit voltage (Voc) was 0.59 V~0.69 V under AM 1.5 G and 1 sun condition ($100mA/cm^2$).

Biochemical Characterization of Recombinant Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (rec-eCG), Using CHO Cells and PathHunter Parental Cells Expressing Equine Luteinizing Hormone/Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptors (eLH/CGR) (말의 LH/CGR를 발현하는 CHO 세포와 PathHunter Parental 세포에서 유전자 재조합 eCGβ/α의 생화학적 특성)

  • Lee, So-Yun;Byambaragchaa, Munkhzaya;Kim, Jeong-Soo;Seong, Hun-Ki;Kang, Myung-Hwa;Min, Kwan-Sik
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.27 no.8
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    • pp.864-872
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    • 2017
  • Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) consists of highly glycosylated ${\alpha}-$ and ${\beta}-subunits$ and is a unique member of the gonadotropin family, because it elicits the response characteristics of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in species other than the horse. To directly assess the biological function of $rec-eCG{\beta}/{\alpha}$, we constructed mammalian expressing vectors of equine luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptors (eLH/CGR). The activity of $rec-eCG{\beta}/{\alpha}$ in vitro assayed in transient transfected CHO-K1 cells and in stably transfected PathHunter Parental cells with eLH/CGR was investigated. $rec-eCG{\beta}/{\alpha}$ was efficiently secreted in the CHO-K1 suspension cell media, and the quantity detected was about 200 mIU/ml from 1 to 7 days after transfection. In the western blot analysis, the $rec-eCG{\beta}/{\alpha}$ protein was broadly identified to be about 40~45 kDa molecular weight. The cAMP stimulation in CHO-K1 cells expressing eLH/CGR was determined to evaluate the activity of $rec-eCG{\beta}/{\alpha}$. The cAMP concentration increased in direct proportion to the concentration of the $rec-eCG{\beta}/{\alpha}$. The $EC_{50}$ value in the transient transfected CHO-K1 cells was $8.1{\pm}6.5ng$. The stable cell lines of eLH/CGR were established in the PathHunter Parental cells expressing ${\beta}-arrestin$. We found that $rec-eCG{\beta}/{\alpha}$ had full LH activity in the PathHunter Parental cells expressing eLH/CGR. The $EC_{50}$ value in transient and stable cells was $5.0{\pm}4.7ng/ml$ and $4.5{\pm}5.2ng/ml$, respectively. These results suggest that $rec-eCG{\beta}/{\alpha}$ has a biological activity in a cell expressing eLH/CGR. These stable cells expressed in PathHunter Parental cells could be useful for elucidating the functional mechanisms of deglycosylated $rec-eCG{\beta}/{\alpha}$ mutants.

Differences of Photosynthetic Ability of Tobacco and Ginseng Leaves in Accordance with Light Intensity (광도에 따른 담배와 인삼엽의 광합성 능력의 차이)

  • Hwang, Jong-Kyu;Hyun, Dong-Yun
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.211-219
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    • 1989
  • Tobacco and ginseng plants differed in responses to varied light intensities. Tobacco showed high in CO$_2$ uptake and RuBPCase activity at 1900 ${\mu}$ E m/sup-2/ sec$\^$-1/, being high by 3.7 times and 2.7 times than ginseng respectively. Close positive relationships existed between CO$_2$ uptake and RuBPCase activity in tobacco. However, ginseng showed negative correlation. The activity of glycolate oxidase and malate dehydrogenase in tobacco was high at 1900 ${\mu}$ E m/sup-2/ sec$\^$-1/, but those of ginseng was high at 1000 ${\mu}$ E m/sup-2/ sec$\^$-1/. Nitrate reductase activity of tobacco at 1900 ${\mu}$ E m/sup-2/ sec$\^$-1/ was 2 times higher than that at 500 ${\mu}$ E m/sup-2/ sec$\^$-1/, while that of ginseng was no detected in all plots. The content of protein and chlorophyll in tobacco was 2.2 times and 1.5 times higher than in ginseng at the most efficient light intensity. The ratio of chlorophyll a/b in tobacco was low at 500 ${\mu}$ E m/sup-2/ sec$\^$-1/, while that of ginseng was low at 1000 ${\mu}$ E m/sup-2/ sec$\^$-1/. The relationships between protein and chlorophyll was high positive correlation. However, on 5 days after treatment, ginseng showed negative correlation at 500 ${\mu}$ E m/sup-2/ sec$\^$-1/. Tobacco and ginseng showed different leaf soluble protein patterns on SDS-gel electrophoresis. The molecular weights of two major band were 50 KD and 15 KD in both plants. The major bands in tobacco were thinned at 500 ${\mu}$ E m/sup-2/ sec$\^$-1/, while those in ginseng thinned at 1000 ${\mu}$ E m/sup-2/ sec$\^$-1/ from 15days after treatment. Disappeared band was 45 KD at 500 ${\mu}$ E m/sup-2/ sec$\^$-1/ in tobacco, but that of ginseng was 47 KD at 1000 ${\mu}$ E m/sup-2/ sec$\^$-1/.

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RECURRENCE RELATIONS FOR QUOTIENT MOMENTS OF THE WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION BY RECORD VALUES

  • Chang, Se-Kyung
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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    • v.23 no.1_2
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    • pp.471-477
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    • 2007
  • In this paper we establish some recurrence relations satisfied by the quotient moments of the upper record values from the Weibull distribution. Suppose $X{\in}WEI({\lambda})\;then\;E(\frac {X^\tau_U(m)} {X^{s+1}_{U(n)}})=\frac{1}{(s-\lambda+1)}E(\frac {X^\tau_U(m)}{X^{s-\lambda+1}_{U(n-1)}})-\frac{1}{(s-\lambda+1)}+E(\frac{X^\tau_U(m)}{X^{s-\lambda+1}_{U(n)}})\;and\;E(\frac {X^{\tau+1}_{U(m)}}{X^s_{U(n)}})=\frac{1}{(r+\lambda+1)}E(\frac{X^{\tau+\lambda+1}_{U(m)}}{X^s_{U(n-1)}})-\frac{1}{(\tau+\lambda+1)}E(\frac{X^{\tau+\lambda+1}_{U(m-1)}}{X^s_{U(n-1)}})$.

Growth curve estimates for wither height, hip height, and body length of Hanwoo steers (Bos taurus coreanae)

  • Park, Hu-Rak;Eum, Seung-Hoon;Roh, Seung-Hee;Sun, Du-Won;Seo, Jakyeom;Cho, Seong-Keun;Lee, Jung-Gyu;Kim, Byeong-Woo
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.384-391
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    • 2017
  • Growth curves in Hanwoo steers were estimated by Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, Logistic, and Brody nonlinear models using growth data collected by the Hanwoo Improvement Center from a total of 6,973 Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) steers 6 to 24 months old that were born between 1996 and 2015. The data included three parameters: A, mature size of body measurement; b, growth ratio; and, k, intrinsic growth rate. Nonlinear regression equations for wither height according to Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, Logistic, and Brody models were $Y_t=144.7e^{-0.5869e^{-0.00301t}}$, $Y_t=145.3(1-0.1816e^{-0.00284t})^3$, $Y_t=143.1(1+0.7356e^{-0.00352t})^{-1}$, and $Y_t=146.8(1+0.4700e^{-0.00249t})^1$, respectively, while those for hip height were $Y_t=144.5e^{-0.5549e^{-0.00312t}}$, $Y_t=145.0(1-0.1724e^{-0.00295t})^3$, $Y_t=143.1(1+0.6863e^{-0.00360t})^{-1}$, and $Y_t=146.2(1+0.4501e^{-0.00263t})^1$, respectively. Equations for body length $Y_t=174.1e^{-0.8342e^{-0.00289t}}$, $Y_t=175.8(1-0.2500e^{-0.00265t})^3$, $Y_t=170.0(1+1.1548e^{-0.00363t})^{-1}$, and $Y_t=180.3(1+0.6077e^{-0.00215t})^1$, respectively, for the same models. Among the four models, the Brody model resulted in the lowest mean square error, with mean square errors of 31.79, 30.57, and 42.13, respectively, for wither height, hip height, and body length. Also, an estimated birth wither height, birth hip height, and birth body length (77.98, 80.57, and 70.97 cm, respectively) were lower in the Brody model than in other models. An inflection point was not observed during the growth phase of Hanwoo steer according to the growth curves calculated using Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, and Logistic models. Based on the results, we concluded that the regression equation using the Brody model was the most appropriate among the four growth models. To obtain more accurate parameters, however, using data from a wider production period (from birth to shipping) would be required, and the development of a suitable model for body conformation traits would be needed.

Standardization of Eleutherococcus species and HPLC Method Validation for Quantitative Analysis (정량분석을 통한 Eleutherococcus species의 HPLC 분석법 검증과 표준화)

  • Song, Mi-Kyung;Kim, Mi-Yeon;Kim, Ho-Cheol
    • The Korea Journal of Herbology
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.103-110
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    • 2011
  • Objective : For the standardization and quality control of eleutheroside E in Eleutherococcus species, HPLC analysis was performed and eleutherosdie E content was compared in 23 kinds of Eleutherococcus species collected from Korea and China. Methods : The content of eleutheroside E in stem bark of Eleutherococcus species collected from Korea and China were analyzed by HPLC. 0.5% phosphoric acid and acetonitrile was used as mobile solvent. Validation of HPLC analysis method was confirmed by analyzing specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy following ICH guideline. Results : Content of eleutheroside E was determined to be 1.0-1.6% and 0.5-0.8% in Korean and Chinese E. senticosus, respectively. Content of eleutheroside E in E. sessiliflorus was 0.7-1.1% and 0.2-0.4% respectively in Korean and Chinese origin. All calibration curves showed good linear regression. The method showed good precision and accuracy with intra-day and inter-day variations of 0.880-3.442% (RSD) and 0.606-3.328% (RSD), respectively, and average recovery was of 0.141-1.363% (RSD), for the eleutheroside E analyzed. Conclusion : These results might be used to establish a criterion of eleutheroside E in Eleutherococcus species.