• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.249-257
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• 2020

본 연구는 코스모스꽃 추출물이 박테리아에 대해서 항균 활성이 있는지를 알아보고 이를 통해 항균 효과를 내는 물질에 대해 규명하고자 하였다. 흰색, 분홍색, 자주색의 코스모스꽃이 4종의 박테리아인 S. aureus, S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa, E. coli에 대해 항균 효과가 있는지 접종 후 24 h 동안 관찰하였다. 3종의 꽃 추출물 중에 EtOAc층 분획물에서 4개의 박테리아에 대해 가장 우수한 항균 활성이 관찰되었고 S. aureus에 대해서는 CHCl₃층 분획물도 효과를 보였다. 추가적으로 흰색 코스모스꽃 silica gel Fr. 1과 분홍색 코스모스꽃 silica gel Fr. 2, 자주색 코스모스꽃 silica gel Fr. 1은 0.1 mg/mL에서 최소저해농도가 나타났다. 이 분획물들과 코스모스 내에 존재할 것으로 유추되는 apigenin 간의NMR과 HPLC 비교, 분석한 결과를 통해서 유효 성분내에는 apigenin구조 요소가 함유되어 있는 물질이 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.672-679
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• 1998

고삼 75% 에탄올 추출물과 클로로포름 분획물을 첨가하여 몇가지 식중독 미생물의 증식억제 양상과 분리된 유효 물질의 구조를 확인하였다. 이 분획물의 항균 효과를 시험한 결과 Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19111, 19112, 19113, 19114 및 15313)에 대한 최소 증식억제 농도가 각각 $50{\sim}500\;ppm$과 50 ppm 이하로 확인되었다. 항균 활성을 보인 클로로포름 분획물을 silica gel column chromatography로 연속 2회 정제하여 얻은 황색 분말의 항균 활성 소획분 S-10-6은 L. monocytogenes 5 균주, Bacillus subtilis 및 Staphylococcus aureus에 대해서는 10 ppm 농도에서 뚜렷한 증식억제 효과를 보였으며 특히 L. monocytogenes 5균주에 대해서는 $30{\sim}50\;ppm$ 수준에서 살균 효과가 인정되었으나 E. coli 경우 100 ppm 농도에서도 증식억제 효과가 없었다. 항균 활성을 보인 소획분(S-10-6)을 IR, $^1H-NMR$ 및 $^{13}C-NMR$로 구조를 동정한 결과 flavanone 화합물의 하나인 kushenol F로 확인되었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.366-374
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• 2017

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth performance, fecal score, and fecal microbial shedding in weaning pigs fed diets with different levels of fiber and protein. A total of 96 weaning piglets ($7.41{\pm}0.71kg$) were used in a 5-week trial. Pigs were allotted to dietary treatments based on initial body weight in a $2{\times}2$ factorial design with the following factors: dietary fiber (100 and 200 g/kg, respectively, during days 0 to 14; 175 and 300 g/kg, respectively, during days 14 to 35) and dietary protein (170 or 200 g/kg). There were 6 replicates with 4 pigs per pen. On day 14, pigs fed high protein or high fiber diets had heavier body weight (p < 0.05). During days 0 to 14, pigs fed high protein or high fiber diets grew faster (p < 0.05). Additionally, during days 14 to 35, an interactive effect of fiber and protein was found (p < 0.05) on average daily gain. The different levels of protein and fiber in diet did not affect the pigs' fecal scores (p > 0.05). However, feces from the high fiber group showed lower concentration of Escherichia coli (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that a high protein diet improves the growth of weaning pigs especially during the first two weeks. Moreover, the increments in fiber level, even in the high protein diet, favorably decreased the number of E. coli.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.462-466
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• 2004

S. coelicolor A3(2)로부터 항산화 저분자 thiol분자인 MSH를 HPLC 및 monobromobimane 형광 검출 방법으로 분리${\cdot}$정제하여 그 존재를 확인하였다. 표준물질인 MSH-bimane과 동일하게 용출되는 MSH 분획을 확인하였으며 여러 thiol 분획 중 MSH 분획이 가장 많은 것으로 보아 MSH가 S. coelicolor의 주된 thiol 화합물로 판단되었다. MSH 생합성에 관여하는 효소 중 I-1-Pase의 유전자의 기능을 알아보기 위하여 이 유전자를 방선균에서 분리한 후 대장균에 클로닝하여 과도발현시켰다. 발현된 I-1-Pase를 Ni-NTA column을 사용하여 정제하였다. 정제된 I-1-Pase는 soluble protein으로 281개 아미노산으로 구성되어 있으며 분자량은 32 kDa이었다. 인간 및 대장균의 I-1-Pase와 각각 24와 $25\%$의 sequence homology를 보였으며, 기존의 I-1-Pase가 가지고 있는 공통의 I-1-Pase motif A와 motif B를 S. coelicolor A3(2)도 가지고 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.16-19
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• 2012

The desmutagenic activity of the water extract of Areca catechu L. on the mutagenicity induced by aflatoxin $B_1$ ($AFB_1$), N-methyl-N-nitro-N'-nitrosoguani-dine (MNNG), mitomycin C (MMC) and 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) was studied by using the SOS Chromotest with Escherichia coli PQ37. The inhibition rates of water extract of Areca catechu L. at concentration of $100{\mu}g/assay$ were 41.0%, 47%, 46%, and 32% against $AFB_1$, MNNG, MMC and 4-NQO, respectively. The water extract of Areca catechu L. was separated into methanol soluble and methanol insoluble parts. The methanol insoluble part exhibited higher inhibition effect than the methanol soluble part against the mutagenic activities of MNNG. Step-wise fractionation of methanol insoluble part was done to obtain methanol, ethyl acetate and water fractions. Among these fractions, water fraction had the strongest inhibitory effect of 45.0% against mutagenicities of MNNG. The inhibition rates of aqueous fraction of methanol-insoluble from water extracted Areca catechu L. at concentrations of 1.61, 16.13, 161.29 and $322.58{\mu}g/mL$ were 12.0%, 24.0%, 47.5% and 62.0%, respectively. The water fraction showed the inhibitory effects with dose response against the mutagenic activity induced by MNNG.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.308-316
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• 2018

Background: The Rosa multiflora, a well-known plant belonging to Rosacea, is widely used in orthodox medicine in worldwide. However, its biological activity and cosmetic preservative efficacy have not yet been studied. Thus, this species is yet to be defined as a functional cosmetic material. Accordingly, an investigation of the above mentioned atrributes was performed on a 50% ethanol extract of Rosa multiflora. Methods and Results: The antioxidant activity was assessed through free radical scavenging assays with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Additionally, the contents of total phenols and flavonoids were analyzed. The phenolic compounds were detected using HPLC. The antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans was assessed using the disc diffusion assay. The preservative effect (challenge test) on a formulation of soothing gel was performed for 28days. The DPPH radical scavenging ability, denoted by the $SC_{50}$ (half maximal inhibitory concentration for DPPH radical scavenging) value was found to be $131.63{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The content of total polyphenol and flavonoid content were 202 mg/g and 86.77 mg/g, respectively. In additon, astragalin and gallic acid were identified in the extract. The antimicrobial activity of the extract against S. aureus and E. coli was observed to be 5 - 0.5%, and no significant activity was noted against C. albicans. The ethanol extracts (5% and 10%) met the preservation standards of the Cosmetics, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association (CTFA). Conclusions: Thus the ethanol extract of R. multiflora can be used in cosmetics as a natural preservative and antioxidant.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.28-33
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• 2003

Pycnogenol (PYC) is believed to have potential as a therapeutic agent against free radical-mediated oxidative stress. It is important, therefore, to understand the interactions between PYC and cellular defenses against oxidative stress. Toward this end, we analyzed the survival rates on the gene expression responses of E. coli sod katG mutants to PYC after pre-treatment of PQ or H$_2$O$_2$-mediated stress under aerobic conditions. We identified SOD induced by PYC, but not HP1 in sod hate mutants. A striking result was the PYC induction of SOD with antioxidant property in single katG mutant cells, particularly MnSOD and CuZnSOD. These inductions were further increased with oxidative stress, while HP1 was not induced in these conditions. The effects of pycnogenol treatment on these cells depend in part on its concentration on the stress response. Protective effects of PYC exposure which affected gene expression in cells were consistent with cell survival rates. Our results demonstrate that pycnogenol may alter the stress response gene expression in a specific manner such as SOXRS because PYC induction of single mutant only worked under increased PQ stress. All together our data indicate that SOD activity is essential for the cellular defense against PQ-mediated oxidative stress, suggesting that PYC may not be effective as an antioxidant in only oxidative stress conditions. On the other hand, it was expected that PYC may play a role as a pro-oxidant and if it is available for use, it should be evaluated carefully.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.562-566
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 냉이의 천연 항균제로서의 사용 가능성을 검토하고자 식중독과 관련된 B. cereus, S. aureus, E. coli 에 대하여 항균활성을 검토하였다. 냉이는 부위별로 에탄올 및 메탄올로 추출한 후 agar diffusion test를 통해 현재 보존료로 사용되고 있는 sodium benzoate와 비교하여 항균활성을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 냉이 잎의 메탄올과 에탄올 추출물은 $15{\sim}20$ mm, $14{\sim}20$ mm, 뿌리의 메탄올과 에탄올 추출물은 $13{\sim}17$ mm, $12{\sim}14$ mm의 저해환을 보여 $11{\sim}15$ mm의 저해환을 보인 Sodium benzoate보다 항균활성이 높게 나타났다. 냉이의 메탄올과 에탄올 추출물의 Minimum inhibitory concentration은 $12.5{\sim}20$ mg/mL로 나타났다. 냉이 추출물의 처리 후 SEM을 통해 세포를 관찰한 결과 세포 표면이 일그러지고 손상을 입은 형태가 관찰되어 추출물 처리시 미생물의 세포벽과 세포막의 기능이 저해되어 항균효과를 나타내는 것으로 추측된다. 따라서 냉이의 메탄올, 에탄올 추출물은 천연 항균제로서의 사용 가능성이 높은 물질로 판단된다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was conducted to measure the antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of water- and ethanol-extracts from Betula platyphylla var. japonica, Punica granatum and Rhus javanica against various species of anaerobic bacteria. Methods : In order to evaluate the antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of water- and ethanol-extracts, DPPH radical scavenging and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities were measured in various species such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Propionibacterium acnes that induce skin inflammation. Also the total amount of phenol in each water- and ethanol-extract was measured to identify its role in the antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of water- and ethanol-extracts from Betula platyphylla var. japonica, Punica granatum and Rhus javanica. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was measured by confirming the lowest concentrations in disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests. Results : It was observed that RJE (Rhus javanica-EtOH extracts) show the highest content of total phenol. In addition, for RJE the total phenol content was higher from samples taken from domestic sources than from samples taken from foreign sources. DPPH radical scavenging activity was increased by treatment with PGE (Punica granatum-EtOH extracts), RJE and RJW (Rhus javanica-water extracts). It was observed that SOD-like activity was highest in the treatment with PGE. All of the extracts showed antimicrobial activity on S. epidermidis, S. aureus, P. acnes and E. coli, including those from Punica granatum, and it was noted that the activity was higher with RJE than with RJW. Conclusions : These results provide evidence that ethanol extracts of Punica granatum and Rhus javanica may have a beneficial role as antioxidants and antibiotics. Extracts from domestic samples of Betula platyphylla var japonica appeared to have a greater efficacy than extracts from foreign samples.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2011

Measurement of estrogen concentration in bio-samples are very important for differential diagnosis of various disease or evaluation of health status. However, it is difficult to collect immediate data of estrogen concentration because they are measured by radioimmunoassay or chromatography which need time- and cost-consuming sample pre-treatment. This study was performed for development of new estrogen biosensor employing taste principles, and for evaluation of cross reactivity between various steroid hormones. Gene sequence of ligand binding domain of ${\alpha}$-human estrogen receptor (amino acid 302-553; hER-LBD) was cloned from human breast cancer cell line. The proteins of hER-LBD were produced by T7-E.coli expression system, and isolated by chromatography. hER-LBD were coated on the gold plated quartz crystal (AT-cut 9MHz), and resonance frequencies were measured by universal frequency counter. Estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and aldosterone were used for cross reactivity of the hER-LBD. We also monitored influences of pH change in resonance frequency. The resonance frequencies of hER-LBD coated quartz crystal were decreased during increase of estrogen concentration from $15 \;{\mu}g/mL$ to $50\;{\mu}g/mL$. However, similar steroid hormones, progesterone and aldosterone, did not elicit the change in resonance frequency. Testosterone evoke weak change in resonance frequency. The new estrogen biosensor was more sensitive in pH 7.2 than in pH 7.6. These results suggest that hER-LBD coated quartz crystal biosensor is a probable estrogen biosensor.