• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.341-346
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• 2008

In the present study, we assessed the effects of white ginseng and red ginseng extract on the learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine. The cognition-enhancing effect of ginseng extracts was investigated using the Morris water maze and Y-maze test. Drug-induced amnesia was induced by treating animals with scopolamine (2 mg/kg, i.p.), an antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor. Tacrine was used a positive control. Ginseng extract (200 mg/kg, p.o.), tacrine (10 mg/kg, p.o.) administration significantly reduced the escape latency during training in the Morris water maze (p<0.05). At the probe trial session, scopolamine significantly increased the escape latency on day 5 in comparison with control (p<0.01). The effect of ginseng extracts on spontaneous alternation in Y-maze was similar to that of scopolamine treated group. In addition, numbers of arm entries were similar in all experimental groups. Moreover, red ginseng extract significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity in the cortex and serum (p<0.05). Brain ACh contents of ginseng extract treated groups increased more than that of scopolamine group, which did not show statistically significant. These results suggest that ginseng extract may be useful for the treatment of cognitive impairment.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.76-83
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• 1985

A hypothesis that artificial reforming of corn canopy could improve solar light penetration and dry matter production was tested in corn fields (var. Suwon 19) with three planting densities; low (60 ${\times}$ 40cm), medium (60 ${\times}$ 24cm) and high (60 ${\times}$ 16cm). Natural canopy was found that leaf orientations were even over all azimuth but somewhat inclined toward north-south direction and leaf angle ranged 38$^{\circ}$ to 71$^{\circ}$ from horizontal surface. Reforming corn canopy included following treatments: 1) natural canopy planted in north-south rows (natural canopy), 2)east-west plane canopy planted in north-south rows (E-W canopy), 3)east-west plane canopy and upright leaves in north-south rows, 4)north-south plane canopy (N-S canopy) in east-west rows. After corn plots were installed with training system by supporting poles and connecting wires, corn leaves were induced to a reforming direction and tied on wire. Average light intensity at the mid-point of plant height showed 5-10% increases in E-W canopy and in E-W canopy plus upright leaves, but a 2-10% decrease in N-S canopy from natural canopy. At yellow ripe stage, total dry wt. was increased in E-W canopy but not in N-S canopy. The E-W canopy produced 3-10% more grain yield than natural canopy. Though E-W canopy plus upright leaves yielded less at low density, it yielded up to 10% more at higher density. The N-S canopy yielded similar to low compared with natural canopy. These results suggests that reforming canopy toward solar incident direction increases light penetration into lower canopy, photosynthetic efficiency and grain yield, especially at high planting density in corn.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4593-4595
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• 2012

Introduction: Mobile learning enables users to interact with educational resources while in variable locations. Medical students in residency positions need to assimilate considerable knowledge besides their practical training and we therefore aimed to evaluate the impact of using short message service via cell phone as a learning tool in residents of Obstetrics and Gynecology in our hospital. Methods: We sent short messages including data about breast cancer to the cell phones of 25 residents of gynecology and obstetrics and asked them to study a well-designed booklet containing another set of information about the disease in the same period. The rate of learning derived from the two methods was compared by pre- and post-tests and self-satisfaction assessed by a relevant questionnaire at the end of the program. Results: The mobile learning method had a significantly better effect on learning and created more interest in the subject. Conclusion: Learning via receiving SMS can be an effective and appealing method of knowledge acquisition in higher levels of education.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.227-235
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• 2018

The flow stresses have been identified prior to a numerical simulation for predicting a deformation of materials using the experimental or analytical analysis. Recently, the flow stress models considering the temperature effect have been developed to reduce the number of experiments. Artificial neural network can provide a simple procedure for solving a problem from the analytical models. The objective of this paper is the prediction of flow stress on the fiber metal laminate using the artificial neural network. First, the training data were obtained by conducting the uniaxial tensile tests at the various temperature conditions. After, the artificial neural network has been trained by Levenberg-Marquardt method. The numerical results of the trained model were compared with the analytical models predicted at the previous study. It is noted that the artificial neural network can predict flow stress effectively as compared with the previously-proposed analytical models.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.199-207
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate resilience, coping, and mental health in relation to burnout and to identify factors influencing burnout in student nurses. Methods: A descriptive correlational study was conducted. The participants were 241 student nurses from 2 universities in B city. Data were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, the Pearson correlation coefficient, the $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean score for burnout in student nurses was 3.01 out of 5 points. Burnout explained 29.2% of the variance in satisfaction with college life (${\beta}=-.367$, p<.001), coping (${\beta}=.293$, p<.001), mental health (${\beta}=.228$, p=.011), and training hospital (${\beta}=-.198$, p=.026). Conclusion: The results of our research suggest that satisfaction with college life is an important variable affecting burnout student nurses. Therefore, education is needed in order to develop for more effective teaching coping methods and strategies and to reduce burnout with nursing practice.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.167-181
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• 2015

"Mortar or concrete pneumatically projected at high velocity onto a surface" is called Shotcrete. Models that predict shotcrete design parameters (e.g. compressive strength, slump etc) from any mixing proportions of admixtures could save considerable experimentation time consumed during trial and error based procedures. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been widely used for similar purposes; however, such models have been rarely applied on shotcrete design. In this study 19 samples of shotcrete test panels with varying quantities of water, steel fibers and silica fume were used to determine their slump, cost and compressive strength at different ages. A number of 3-layer Back propagation Neural Network (BPNN) models of different network architectures were used to train the network using 15 samples, while 4 samples were randomly chosen to validate the model. The predicted compressive strength from linear regression lacked accuracy with $R^2$ value of 0.36. Whereas, outputs from 3-5-3 ANN architecture gave higher correlations of $R^2$ = 0.99, 0.95 and 0.98 for compressive strength, cost and slump parameters of the training data and corresponding $R^2$ values of 0.99, 0.99 and 0.90 for the validation dataset. Sensitivity analysis of output variables using ANN can unfold the nonlinear cause and effect relationship for otherwise obscure ANN model.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.70-86
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to find determinants for service mind and skills of hospital employees to seek ways to improve the service level of hospitals. The past studies focused on the perspectives of customers in finding the solutions for service improvement. However, the existing approach failed in delving into the whole picture of service system. The behind operation of service system(e.g., selection and training of employees, support system) needs to be examined to have a balanced solution of service improvement. The personal characteristics, organizational characteristics, and customer experience were considered as the independent variables in predicting service mind and skills. The data collected in this study was gathered through questionnaire survey with 291 employees in five hospitals - from Sept. 10 to Oct. 16 in 2004. The results are as follows. 1. The regression analysis showed that job satisfaction and service commitment of organization were statistically significant in predicting service mind and skills. 2. The hierarchical regression analysis showed that the effect of hospital type on service mind was explained by service commitment of organization.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

Purpose: For the last few decades, TQM has become a hot topic in the inner-disciplinary field in the production management line. Still, unfortunately, the study of TQM and Quality Output management is partially only attached to the tangible side in the production management line. Whereas theoretically, the implications of TQM require incremental improvement in all management lines (e.g., HRM, Marketing, Operations, and Distribution Management). Therefore, starting from the main problem, this study aims to analyze the effect of total quality management, Organizational Culture, Perceived Distribution of Quality Awareness, and quality output through a more in-depth analysis. Research design, data and methodology: We conducted a survey of 170 respondents from managers, staff, and employees from 48 companies in Indonesia. We used a quantitative approach with the SEM method to answer this study's problem formulation and hypotheses. Results: The results of our research stated that based on the demonstration of statistical test results, all hypotheses were positive and significant, both direct and indirect relationship demonstrations. Conclusions: Universally, the findings in this study illustrate that the supporting factor for creating value-added in TQM and Quality output lies in the optimal and positive organizational culture and Perceived Distribution Quality Awareness factors in the organization.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.71 no.5
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• pp.545-552
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• 2019

The analysis and design of complex structures like sandwich-panel elements are difficult; the use of finite element method for the analysis is complicated and time consuming when non-linear effects are considered. On the other hand, artificial neural network (ANN) models can capture the non-linear effects and its application requires lesser computational demand. Two ANN models were trained, tested and validated to compute the force for a given displacement of a sandwich-type roof element; 2555 force and element deformation pairs were used for training the ANN models. For the models trained without considering the damping effect, there were two values in the input layer: maximum displacement and current displacement, and for the model considering damping, displacement from the previous step was used as an additional input. Totally, 400 ANN models were trained. Results show that there is a good agreement between the experimental and simulated data, and the models showed a good performance with a mean square error value of 4548.85. Both the ANN models could simulate the inelastic behaviour, loss of rigidity, and evolution of permanent displacements. The models could also interpolate and extrapolate, which enables them to be used as an analysis and design tool for such complex elements.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.127-133
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• 2021

Today, phishing attacks represent one of the biggest security threats targeting users of the digital world. They consist of an attempt to steal sensitive information, such as a user's identity or credit and debit card details, using various methods that include fake emails, fake websites, and fake social media messages. Protecting the user's security and privacy therefore becomes complex, especially when those users are children. Currently, children are participating in Internet activity more frequently than ever before. This activity includes, for example, online gaming, communication, and schoolwork. However, children tend to have a less well-developed knowledge of privacy and security concepts, compared to adults. Consequently, they often become victims of cybercrime. In this paper, the effects of security awareness on users who are children are investigated, looking at their ability to detect phishing attacks in social media. In this approach, two Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of security awareness on WhatsApp application users in their daily communication. The results of the Experiments revealed that phishing awareness training has a significant positive effect on the ability of children using WhatsApp to identify phishing messages and thereby avoid attacks.