• BMB Reports
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• v.47 no.9
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• pp.488-493
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• 2014

Adaptor protein FADD forms the death inducing signaling complex (DISC) by recruiting the initiating caspases-8 and -10 through homotypic death effector domain (DED) interactions. Cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is an inhibitor of death ligand-induced apoptosis downstream of death receptors, and FADD competes with procaspase-8/10 for recruitment for DISC. However, the mechanism of action of FADD and c-FLIP proteins remain poorly understood at the molecular level. In this study, we provide evidence indicating that the death effector domain (DED) of FADD interacts directly with the death effector domain of human c-FLIP. In addition, we use homology modeling to develop a molecular docking model of FADD and c-FLIP proteins. We also find that four structure-based mutants (E80A, L84A, K169A and Y171A) of c-FLIP DEDs disturb the interaction with FADD DED, and that these mutations lower the stability of the c-FLIP DED.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.472-478
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• 2010

Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world. Education is at the core of cancer prevention activities, especially programs targeting empowering existing public health workforce. In the past 10 years, researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have been building the Global Health Network Supercourse project, a library of over 4500 online lectures and a network of nearly 50000 public health professionals in 174 countries. As of November 2010, the overall number of Supercourse participants from Asia exceeds 7000 participants. The Supercourse network has been investigating methods for Internet based recruitment of cancer prevention professionals in order to network cancer experts locally and globally, including the use of mHealth technologies for cancer research education and for NCD registries. Supercourse is a tool that can offer a solution to the challenges of information sharing, especially in the field of NCDs and cancer. In this paper, we highlight the need for the development of Cancer Supercourse with Satellite in Asia and encourage faculty members from Asia to join the network.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.82-95
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• 2003

Chemokines are important for the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of infection, which is essential in host defense. The thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) is a CC chemokine which potentially plays a role via a paracrine mechanism in the development of allergic respiratory diseases. Objectives : The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of Youn-Gyo-Pae-Doc-San on the secretion of TARC of human bronchial epithelial cell Methods : Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect the secretion of TARC. The cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay. Results : Youn-Gyo-Pae-Doc-San significantly inhibited the secretion of TARC with a dose -dependant manner. The effective dosage did not have the cytotoxicity on human bronchial epithelial cell. Conclusions : Results of our study show that Youn-Gyo-Pae-Doc-San would play an important role in modulation of TARC in human bronchial epithelial cells.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.68-81
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• 2003

It is proposed that Hwang-Ryeon-Hae-Dok-Tang may modulate the immune response on allergy or asthma. Human nasal mucosal fibroblasts are a rich source cytokines, inflammatory mediators, and chemokines. Chemokines are important for the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of infection, which is essential in host defense. Objectives : The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Hwang-Ryeon-Hae-Dok-Tang(HH) on the release of the IL-8 chemokine in human nasal mucosal fibroblasts after stimulation with cytokines like interleukin-4(IL-4), tumor necrosis factor- (TNF- ), interferon- (lFN- ), and interle ukin-l (IL-I ). Methods : To detect the release of IL-8, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) kit was performed. The cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay. Results : HH significantly inhibited the secretion of IL-8 with a dose-dependant manner. The effective dosage did not have the cytotoxicity on human nasal mucosal fibroblasts Conclusions : Results of our study show that HH would play an important role in modulation of IL-8 in human nasal mucosal fibroblasts.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.271-287
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• 2022

Purpose This research aims to study the changes in recruitment needed for the growth and survival of companies in the rapidly changing industry. In particular, we built a real company's worklist accounting for the rapidly advancing data-driven digital transformation, and presented the capabilities and conditions required for work. Design/methodology/approach we selected 37 jobs based on NCS to develop the employment search requirements by analyzing the business characteristics and work capabilities of the industry and company. The business specification indicators were converted into a matrix through the TF-IDF process, and the NMF algorithm is used to extract the features of each document. Also, the cosine distance measurement method is utilized to determine the similarity of the job specification conditions. Findings Companies tended to prefer "IT competency," which is a specification related to computer use and certification, and "experience competency," which is a specification for experience and internship. In addition, 'foreign language competency' was additionally preferred depending on the job. This analysis and development of job requirements would not only help companies to find the talents but also be useful for the jobseekers to easily decide the priority of their specification activities.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.4.1-4.19
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• 2024

TNF, a pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine, is important for protective immunity and immunopathology during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, which causes tuberculosis (TB) in humans. TNF is produced primarily by phagocytes in the lungs during the early stages of Mtb infection and performs diverse physiological and pathological functions by binding to its receptors in a context-dependent manner. TNF is essential for granuloma formation, chronic infection prevention, and macrophage recruitment to and activation at the site of infection. In animal models, TNF, in cooperation with chemokines, contributes to the initiation, maintenance, and clearance of mycobacteria in granulomas. Although anti-TNF therapy is effective against immune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, it carries the risk of reactivating TB. Furthermore, TNF-associated inflammation contributes to cachexia in patients with TB. This review focuses on the multifaceted role of TNF in the pathogenesis and prevention of TB and underscores the importance of investigating the functions of TNF and its receptors in the establishment of protective immunity against and in the pathology of TB. Such investigations will facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies that target TNF signaling, which makes beneficial and detrimental contributions to the pathogenesis of TB.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.11.1-11.14
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• 2020

Most patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are diagnosed at an advanced stage of disease. Until recently, systemic treatment options that showed survival benefits in HCC have been limited to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antibodies targeting oncogenic signaling pathways or VEGF receptors. The HCC tumor microenvironment is characterized by a dysfunction of the immune system through multiple mechanisms, including accumulation of various immunosuppressive factors, recruitment of regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and induction of T cell exhaustion accompanied with the interaction between immune checkpoint ligands and receptors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been interfered this interaction and have altered therapeutic landscape of multiple cancer types including HCC. In this review, we discuss the use of anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies in the treatment of advanced HCC. However, ICIs as a single agent do not benefit a significant portion of patients. Therefore, various clinical trials are exploring possible synergistic effects of combinations of different ICIs (anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies) or ICIs and target agents. Combinations of ICIs with locoregional therapies may also improve therapeutic responses.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.191-199
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• 2009

Fisheries resources collected by set net in the Mizo fishing ground off Namhae Island were studied from March to December 2004 to determine species composition and catch variation. The water temperature of the fishing ground ranged $10.9{\sim}25.1^{\circ}C$ A total of 69,147.5 kg comprising 39 species was caught during the survey period. Most of the catch was fishes (33 species); others included cephalopods (5 species) and crustaceans (1 species). The dominant species were migratory, such as Trichiurus lepturus, Ammodytes personatus, Engraulis japonicus, and Scomberomorus niphonius, and accounted for 81.2% of the total catch. Sub-dominant species were Sardinops melanostictus, Acanthopagrus schlegeli, shrimps, and Todarodes pacificus, but they accounted for only 12.1% of the total. The catch by set net during the fishing period was much higher in spring and in autumn than in summer, relating to the recruitment of dominant species. Although the number of species had a tendency to decreased after summer, the catch in autumn was also higher than that in spring due to high temperatures (>$17^{\circ}C$ and seasonal variation of dominant species. The dominant species in spring were A. personatus and E. japonicus and in autumn were T. lepturus, S. niphonius, and E. japonicus.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1067-1078
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• 2017

Previous research on university life of Chinese students studying in Korea has been conducted on students in Korea, but Chinese students have a sense of belonging and university prejudice against Korean universities, so the objectivity of research is not clear. This paper conducted a survey of the Chinese people in China and conducted a media search for attracting foreign students. Not all foreign students are proficient in Korean language. Even students who have completed more than one year of education in the Korean language institutes or passed advanced level of Test of Proficiency in Korean(TOPIK) have difficulties in everyday life and acquiring a degree. According to the results of this study, until foreign students who lack sufficient Korean language skills are able to adapt to culture and acquire information in Korea, it is desirable to prepare multilingual content services so that they can obtain academic information or daily information necessary for studying in their native language.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2005

Endothelial activation and subsequent recruitment of inflammatory cells are important steps in atherogenesis. The increased levels of cell adhesion molecules (CAM) have been identified in diabetic vasculatures, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To determine the relationship among vascular production of superoxide, expression of CAM and diabetes, superoxide generation and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E- and P-selectin in the aorta from control (C57BL/6J) and diabetic mice (ob/ob) were measured. In situ staining for superoxide using dihydroethidium showed an increased superoxide production in diabetic aorta, accompanied with an enhanced NAD(P)H oxidase activity. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the endothelial expression of ICAM-1 ($3.5{\pm}0.4$) and VCAM-1 ($3.8{\pm}0.3$) in diabetic aorta was significantly higher than those in control aorta ($0.9{\pm}0.5$ and $1.6{\pm}0.3$, respectively), accompanied with the enhanced expression of gp91phox, a membrane subunit of NAD(P)H oixdase. Furthermore, there was a strong positive correlation (r=0.89, P＜0.01 in ICAM-1 and r=0.88, P＜0.01 in VCAM-1) between ICAM-1/VCAM-1 expression and vascular production of superoxide. The present data indicate that the increased production of superoxide via NAD(P)H oxidase may explain the enhanced expression of CAM in diabetic vasculatures.