• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.12-23
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of a conservation program is to maintain maximum genetic diversity and preserve the viability of a breed. However, the efficiency of a program is influenced by the ability to accurately measure and predict genetic diversity. Methods: To examine this question, we conducted a simulation in which common measures (i.e. heterozygosity) and novel measures (identity-by-descent probabilities and parental genomic components) were used to estimate genetic diversity within a conserved population using double-labeled single nucleotide polymorphism markers. Results: The results showed that the accuracy and sensitivity of identity-by-state probabilities and heterozygosity were close to identity by descent (IBD) probabilities, which reflect the true genetic diversity. Expected heterozygosity most closely aligned with IBD. All common measures suggested that practices used in the current Chinese pig conservation program result in a ~5% loss in genetic diversity every 10 generations. Parental genomic components were also analyzed to monitor real-time changes in genomic components for each male and female ancestor. The analysis showed that ~7.5% of male families and ~30% of female families were lost every 5 generations. After 50 generations of simulated conservation, 4 male families lost ~50% of their initial genomic components, and the genomic components for 24.8% of the female families were lost entirely. Conclusion: In summary, compared with the true genetic diversity value obtained using double-labeled markers, expected heterozygosity appears to be the optimal indicator. Parental genomic components analysis provides a more detailed picture of genetic diversity and can be used to guide conservation management practices.

• CELLMED
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.13.1-13.10
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• 2017

Nutrition is one of the factors influencing cognitive functions. But, the role of nutrition on cognitive functions within the elderly is recognized to a lesser degree. The aim of this academic endeavor was to analyze the affiliation between nutritional status and cognitive functions of the elderly in Korea. 316 subjects, of 114 male and 201 female aged above 65 years, were gathered from university hospital clinics, Elderly Welfare Centers, and Health Welfare Centers located in the district of Seoul, Gyeonggi province, and Incheon in Korea. The cognitive function was tested by the Korean-Mini Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) questionnaire. Nutrition intake was assessed by a 24-hour recall, a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Nutrition adequacy and quality were assessed by the Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI) checklist, the nutritional adequacy ratio (NAR), and the mean adequacy ratio (MAR). The elderly with normal cognitive function status displayed significantly higher levels of calcium, riboflavin, thiamin, folate, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B6, phosphorous, potassium, iron, niacin, zinc, animal fat, animal protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, total protein, vegetable oil, vegetable protein, fiber than levels of the elderly with moderate cognitive impairment. The K-MMSE score positively correlated with of high consumption of pork, white radish, sea mustard, tomato, tangerine, grape, apple, and ice cream, and K-MMSE was negatively associated with high intake of potato, anchovy, fish cake, and mushroom. The findings suggest that nutritional status is affiliated with cognitive function within the elderly of Korea. The consumption of variety of foods and nutrients ensures adequate cognitive function in the Korean elderly.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.204-208
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to examine the change of enzymeimmuno-assay for $prostaglandinE_2$ in the synovial fluid lavage specimen of patients with mandibular fracture patients without condylar fracture. For this study, fourteen patients (eight males, six females) with mandibular fractures without condylar fracture was investigated to analyse the synovial fluid from upper temporomandibular joint cavities. Synovial fluid was collected from TMJ cavities of mandibular fracture patients before open reduction and after one week of open reduction, and then stored in liquid nitrogen tank after centrifuge. Two synovial fluid lavage samples of TMJs of 2 asymptomatic served as normal controls referred from other data. The concentrations of $PGE_2$ were measured by use of $PGE_2$ EIA System ($Amersham^{(R)}$). The following results were obtained: 1) In nine patients, the concentrations of $PGE_2$ are lower after open reduction than before. 2) In three patients, the concentrations of $PGE_2$ are higher after open reduction than before. 3) There was no statistical significant between the preoperative group and postoperative 7 days (p>0.05), but there was some difference between the two groups. In conclusion, the results suggest that $PGE_2$ probably does not play as important role in the harm of TMJ.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 2008

Purpose : This study was investigated the effect on grasp and pinch strength according to degree of flexion in elbow joint. Methods : Thirty male and thirty female students, aged 20 to 31 years were tested for using opened positioning with their shoulder abduction at $55^{\circ}$ and shoulder horizontal adduction at $30^{\circ}$ in four elbow flexion($0^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $135^{\circ}$). An electronic dynamometer(E-LINK V900s Evaluation System)and goniometer were used to measure grasp and pinch strength. Results : The average grasp strength of the dominant hand was strongest at elbow $45^{\circ}$ however, weakest at elbow $135^{\circ}$ flexion in both of male and female. The average pinch strength of the dominant hand was strongest at elbow $135^{\circ}$ flexion in both of male and female. The average pinch strength of dominant hand was weakest at elbow $45^{\circ}$ flexion in both of male and female. According to degree of elbow flexion in both of male and female, grasp and pinch strength was no significant statistically. In analyzing correlations, the grasp strength of male showed the most significant difference at elbow $45^{\circ}$ & $90^{\circ}$ flexion, and the pinch strength was most significant difference at elbow $0^{\circ}$ & $45^{\circ}$ flexion. Conclusion : In analyzing correlations, the grasp strength of female showed the most significant difference at elbow $90^{\circ}$ & $135^{\circ}$ flexion, and the pinch strength was most significant difference at elbow $45^{\circ}$ & $90^{\circ}$ flexion.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 1992

The wind pressure distributions were analyzed to provide fundamental criteria for the structural design on e single-span arched house according to the wind directions through the wind tunnel experiment. In order to investigate the wind force distributions, the variation of the wind force coefficients, the mean wind force coefficients, the drag force coefficients and the lift force coefficients were estimated by using the experimental data. The results obtained are as follows: 1. When the wind direction was normal to the wall, the maximum positive wind pressure along the height of the wall occurred approximately at two-thirds of the wall height because of the effects of boundary layer flow. 2. When the wind direction was 30$^{\circ}$ to the wall, the maximum positive wind force occurred at the windward edge of the wall. When the wind direction was parallel to the wall, the maximum negative wind force occurred at the windward edge of the wall. 3. The maximum negative wind force along the width of the roof appeared around the width ratio, 0.4, and that along the length of the roof appeared around the length ratio, 0.5. 4. According to the results of the mean wind force coefficients analysis, the maximum negative wind force occurred on the roof at the wind direction of 30$^{\circ}$. 5. The wind forces at the wind direction of 30$^{\circ}$ instead of 0$^{\circ}$ are recommended in the structural design of supports for a house. 6. To prevent partial damage of a house structure by wind forces, the local wind forces should be considered to the structural design of a house.

• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.651-656
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• 2008

A mouse with cataract, Kec, was generated from N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis. Cataract in the Kec mouse was observable at about 5 weeks after birth and this gradually progressed to become completely opaque by 12 weeks. Dissection microscopy revealed that vacuoles with a radial or irregular shape were located primarily in the cortex of the posterior and equatorial regions of the lens. At the late stage, the lens structure was distorted, but not ruptured. This cataract phenotype was inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. We performed a genetic linkage analysis using 133 mutant and 67 normal mice produced by mating Kec mutant (BALB/c) and F1 (C57BL/6 $\times$ Kec) mice. The Kec locus was mapped to the 3 cM region encompassed by D14Mit34 and D14Mit69. In addition we excluded coding sequences of 9 genes including Rcbtb2, P2ry5, Itm2b, Med4, Nudt15, Esd, Lcp1, Slc25a30, and 2810032E02Rik as the candidate gene that causes cataract in the Kec mouse.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.165-175
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• 1982

Changes in handling of $Li^+$ by contralateral kidney during acute $Li^+$ loading were investigated immediately after unilateral ureteral obstruction. Carotid artery, jugular vein, renal vein and ureter of experimental animal were catheterized and renal venous flow was shunted to .external jugular vein. In experimental group right ureter was ligated. One to two hours after operation a single shot of LiCl solution (2 mEq/kg) was intravenously injected and then .arterial, renal venous blood and urine samples were taken sequentially for 1 to $1{\frac{1}{2}}$ hours. Urine volume, plasma and urinary concentrations of $Li^+$, $Na^+$ and $K^+$ were measured and urinary excretion of them were calculated. Results obtained were as follows: 1) In experimental group urine volume, urinary excretion of $Na^+$, and $K^+$ by contralateral kidney after unilateral ureteral obstruction were slightly larger than mean value of both kidney in control group. 2) During acute $Li^+$ loading contralateral kidney in experimental group showed limited $K^+$ excretion, but urinary flow and $Na^+$ excretion were comparable to mean value of both kidney in control group. 3) Urinary osmolar concentration in experimental group was much lower than that in control group, and it was maintained at low level even after Li loading. 4) In experimental group plasma$Li^+$ concentration decreased more slowly than in control group after a single shot of LiCl solution. 5) Urinary excretion of $Li^+$ in experimental group was markedly decreased, even lesseer than mean of both kidney in control group. 6) From the above results it was concluded that immediately after unilateral ureteral obstruction contralateral kidney showed normal water and $Na^+$ diuretic response to Li load but urinay $Li^+$ excretion was decreased and reclaimed $Li^+$ to systemic circulation.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.114-122
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• 2010

Hydroxy fatty acids have gained important attentions because of their special properties such as higher viscosity and reactivity compared to non-hydroxy fatty acids. The new bacterial isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PR3) had been well studied to produce mono-, di-, and tri-hydroxy fatty acids from different unsaturated fatty acids. Of those hydroxy fatty acids, 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD) was produced with high yield from oleic acid by P. aeruginosa PR3. Mostly, the substrates used for the production of hydroxy fatty acid by microorganisms were free fatty acids or synthetic lipids. However, it is highly plausible to use vegetable oils containing oleic acid such as olive oil for DOD production by P. aeruginosa PR3. As a first step to address the utilization of olive oil as a substrate for DOD production, we tried to determine the effect of vessel type on DOD production from olive oil by P. aeruginosa PR3. Of two different flask types of normal flask and baffled-flask, baffled-flask was highly effective for DOD production with all the media tested. Maximum increase of productivity by baffled-flask represented 221% with the medium supplemented with whey powder instead of lactose. Results from this study demonstrated that vessel type and medium composition could be both significant factors for DOD production from olive oil by P. aeruginosa PR3.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.417-421
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• 2004

A normal prion protein (PrPc) is converted to a protease resistant isoform (PrPsc) by an apparent self-propagating activity in bovine spongiform encephalopathies (BSE), which is a neurodegenerative disease. The cDNA encoding bovine PrP open reading frame (ORP) in Korean cattle was cloned by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The cloned cDNA had a length of 795 base pairs which coded for a protein of 264 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 28.6 kDa. Identities of 90, 90, 79 and 78% on nucleotide and 94, 94, 84, and 84% on amino acid sequence were shown to PrP genes from sheep, goat, human, and mouse, respectively. The cloned DNA was ligated into the pQE30 expression vector and transformed into E. coli M15. The PrP was expressed by induction with isopropyl-$\beta$-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) and purified on the Ni-NTA affinity column. High specific activities of the recombinant PrP were observed in the fraction of pH 5.8 eluate and showed a molecular mass of-29 kDa on SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.361-368
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• 2002

The onset of pronucleus formation and DNA synthesis in porcine oocytes following the injection of porcine or murine sperm was determined in order to obtain insights into species-specific paternal factors that contribute to fertilization. After 44h in vitro maturation, spermatozoa was injected into the cytoplasm of oocytes. After injection, all oocytes were transferred to NCSU23 medium and cultured at 39'E under 5% CO2 in air. Similar frequencies of oocytes with female pronuclei were observed after injection with porcine sperm or with murine sperm. In contrast, male pronuclei formed 8 to 9 h following the injection of porcine sperm, and 6 to 8 h following the injection of murine sperm. After pronucleus formation maternally derived microtubules were assembled and appeared to move both male and female pronuclei to the oocyte center. A few porcine oocytes entered metaphase 22 h after the injection of murine sperm, but normal cell division was not observed. The mean time of onset of S-phase in male pronuclei was 9.7 h following porcine sperm injection and 7.4 h following mouse sperm injection. These results suggested that DNA synthesis was delayed in both pronuclei until the sperm chromatin fully decondensed, and the sperm nuclear decondensing activity and microtubule nucleation abilities of the male centrosome are cell cycle dependent.