• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.162-170
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• 2000

Purpose : Studies on the Regulatory Effect of Cytokine Production in Taumin Patients with Cerebral Infarction by Cheongsimyeonjatang Method : ELISA(enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay) Result : Chungsimyeunjatang(CYT) is a prescription for the cerebral infarction (CI) patients of Taeumin according to Sasang constitution philosophy. Taeumin patients with CI were treated with CYT during the acute stage. Clinical signs of CI disappeared markedly in about two to four weeks after oral administration of CYT in all patients. The mean interleukin (IL)-2 plasma levels were slightly lower in the patients with CI than in the normal groups, whereas the mean IL-4, IL-6 and IgE levels were significantly higher in the patients. There were no significant differences in $interferon-{\gamma}$ $(IFN-{\gamma})$ levels between the groups. Serum $IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-2 levels derived from T helper (Th)1 cells were elevated significantly in the patients with CI by CYT administration. Significant reduced plasma levels of IL-4 and IL-6 derived from Th2 cells and IgE were observed in the patients treated with CYT. During the period of CYT administration, there were no other adverse effects. The data indicate that CYT has a good CI treatment effect, and that its action may be due to regulation of cytokine Production.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 2000

1. Purpose This studies the regulatory effect of cytokine production in Soyangin patients with cerebral infarction by Yangkyuksanhwatang. 2 Method ELISA 3. Result & Conclusion Yangkyuksanhwatang(YST) is a prescription for the cerebral infarction (CI) patients of Soyangin according to Sasang constitution philosophy. Soyangin patients with CI were treated with YST during the acute stage. Clinical signs of CI disappeared markedly in about 2 to 4 weeks after oral administration of YST in all patients. The mean interleukin (IL)-2 plasma levels were slightly lower in the patients with CI than in the normal groups, whereas the mean IL-4, IL-6 and IgE levels were significantly higher in the patients. There were no significant differences in interferon- ${\gamma}$ (IFN- ${\gamma}$ ) levels between the groups. Serum IFN- ${\gamma}$ and IL-2 levels derived from T helper (Th)1 cells were elevated significantly in the patients with CI by YST administration. Significant reduced plasma levels of IL-4 and IL-6 derived from Th2 cells and IgE were observed in the patients treated with YST. During the period of YST administration, there were no other adverse effects. The data indicate that YST has a good CI treatment effect, and that its action may be due to regulation of cytokine production.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.305-320
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• 2007

With expanded use of B2B(between enterprises), B2G(between enterprises and government) and EDI(Electronic Data Interchange), and increased amount of available network information and information protection threat, as it was judged that security can not be perfectly assured only with security technology such as electronic signature/authorization and access control, Bayesian networks have been developed for protection of information. Therefore, this study speculates Bayesian networks system, centering on ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning). The Bayesian networks system is one of the methods to resolve uncertainty in electronic data interchange and is applied to overcome uncertainty of abnormal invasion detection in ERP. Bayesian networks are applied to construct profiling for system call and network data, and simulate against abnormal invasion detection. The host-based abnormal invasion detection system in electronic trade analyses system call, applies Bayesian probability values, and constructs normal behavior profile to detect abnormal behaviors. This study assumes before and after of delivery behavior of the electronic document through Bayesian probability value and expresses before and after of the delivery behavior or events based on Bayesian networks. Therefore, profiling process using Bayesian networks can be applied for abnormal invasion detection based on host and network. In respect to transmission and reception of electronic documents, we need further studies on standards that classify abnormal invasion of various patterns in ERP and evaluate them by Bayesian probability values, and on classification of B2B invasion pattern genealogy to effectively detect deformed abnormal invasion patterns.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.207-219
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• 2006

The present study was designed to investigate the comprehension of 'who' and 'what' questions in 2- to 3-year-old normal children. Sixty children were divided into 3 groups depending on their ages, i.e., age groups 2;6-2;11, 3;0-3:5, and 3;6-3;11. Three types of 'who' questions and 2 types of 'what' questions were generated depending on the attached case markers, i.e., who-nominative, who-accusative, who-dative, what-nominative, and what-accusative. The children watched 36 cuts of short video recordings. After watching each cut, they were asked to answer one of the 5 types of wh-questions. For the 'who-nominative' and 'what-accusative' questions, even the late 2-year-old children performed with over 70% of accuracy, and the late 3-year-old children performed with over 95% of accuracy. For the 'who-accusative' and 'who-dative' questions, the late 2-year olds exhibited difficulty in comprehension with performance accuracy of 41% and 33%, respectively. However, the late 3-year olds could comprehend those questions correctly with over 90% of accuracy. On the other hand, in answering 'what-nominative' questions, the children did not show rapid development across the age groups, as the mean performance accuracies of the 3 groups were 39%, 49%, and 59%, respectively. The results indicated that children's understanding of a wh- question is largely affected by the case of the interrogative.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.553-563
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• 2006

Let A be a bounded linear operator acting on a Hilbert space H. The B-Weyl spectrum of A is the set ${\sigma}_{B{\omega}}(A)$ of all ${\lambda}{\in}\mathbb{C}$ such that $A-{\lambda}I$ is not a B-Fredholm operator of index 0. Let E(A) be the set of all isolated eigenvalues of A. Recently in [6] Berkani showed that if A is a hyponormal operator, then A satisfies generalized Weyl's theorem ${\sigma}_{B{\omega}}(A)={\sigma}(A)$\E(A), and the B-Weyl spectrum ${\sigma}_{B{\omega}}(A)$ of A satisfies the spectral mapping theorem. In [51], H. Weyl proved that weyl's theorem holds for hermitian operators. Weyl's theorem has been extended from hermitian operators to hyponormal and Toeplitz operators [12], and to several classes of operators including semi-normal operators ([9], [10]). Recently W. Y. Lee [35] showed that Weyl's theorem holds for algebraically hyponormal operators. R. Curto and Y. M. Han [14] have extended Lee's results to algebraically paranormal operators. In [19] the authors showed that Weyl's theorem holds for algebraically p-hyponormal operators. As Berkani has shown in [5], if the generalized Weyl's theorem holds for A, then so does Weyl's theorem. In this paper all the above results are generalized by proving that generalizedWeyl's theorem holds for the case where A is an algebraically ($p,\;k$)-quasihyponormal or an algebarically paranormal operator which includes all the above mentioned operators.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 2001

We studied the effect of aqueous extract of Magnolia officinalis bark (Magnoliaceae) (MOAE) on the immediate hypersensitivity reaction. MOAE (0.01 to 1g/kg) dose-dependently inhibited compound 48/80 induced systemic anaphylaxis in rats. MOAE (0.1 and 1g/kg) also significantly inhibited local immunoglobulin E (lgE)-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylactic reaction. When MOAE was pretreated at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1g/kg, the levels of plasma histamine were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. MOAE (0.001 to 1 mg/ml) dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) Igl. The level of cyclic AMP (CAMP) in RPMC, when MOAE was added, significantly increased compared with that of the normal control. Moreover, MOAE (0.01 to 1 mg/ml) had a significant inhibitory effect on anti-DNP Igl-induced tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ production from RPMC. These results indicate that MOAE inhibits immediate hypersensitivity reaction in vivo and in vitro.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 2005

We investigated the effect of pycnogenol (PYC) supplementation on retarding the immune dysfunction of CS7BL/6 mice after murine AIDS (MAIDS) development. Dysfunction of T and B cell mitogenesis from primary cultured splenocytes has been observed with retrovirus infection and PYC supplementation partially recovered the dysfunction of T and B cells. There was an abnormal shift of cytokine pattern with retrovirns infection, which was designated by the decreased secretion of Th1 cytokines and increased secretion of Th2 cytokines. PYC supplementation increased IL-2 and $IFN-\gamma$ secretion and decreased IL-4, IL-6, and $TNF-\alpha$ secretion, but it was not sufficient enough to maintain the normal level of these cytokines. Hepatic vitamin E level was significantly decreased by retrovirns infection, in accordance with increased hepatic lipid peroxidation level, whereas PYC supplementation normalized the hepatic level of vitamin E and lipid peroxidation. This study suggests that PYC supplementation may partially help retard the incidence of symptoms during MAIDS.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.17.1-17.7
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• 2018

Iatrogenic perforations negatively impact the outcome of endodontic treatments. Studies on prognostic factors showed that perforations in the coronal third of the root with periodontal pocket formation have an unfavorable prognosis. A 36-year-old female was referred for endodontic evaluation of tooth #13 with a history of an iatrogenic perforation, happened 3 years ago. There was a sinus tract associated with perforation, 10 mm probing on the mesial and mesio-palatal, bleeding on probing, radiolucent lesion adjacent to the perforation and complete resorption of the interdental bone between teeth #13 and #12. After the treatment options were discussed, she chose to save the tooth. The tooth was accessed under rubber dam isolation, the perforation site was cleaned and disinfected using 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and sealed with calcium-enriched mixture cement. Eighteen months after treatment the tooth was functional and asymptomatic. The probing depths were normal without bleeding on probing. Radiographically, the interdental crestal bone formed between teeth #13 and #12. Despite all negative prognostic factors in this case (i.e., perforations in the coronal third, pocket formation, and radiolucent lesion), healing was unexpectedly achieved via non-surgical repair of the perforation. Further research on biological aspects of healing in the periodontium following iatrogenic perforations are recommended.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.341-344
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• 2003

This paper proposes a tree-winding transformer protective relaying algorithm based on the ratio of increment of flux linkages (RIFL). The RIFL of the two windings is equal to the turns ratio for all operating conditions except an internal faults. For a single-phase transformer and three-phase transformer containing the wye-connected windings, the increments of flux linkages are calculated. for a three-phase transformer containing the delta-connected windings, the difference of the increments of flux linkages between the two phases are calculated using the line currents, because the winding currents are practically unavailable. Their ratios are compared with the turns ratio. The results of various tests show that the algorithm successfully discriminates internal faults from normal operation conditions such as magnetic inrush, overexcitation and external faults. The algorithm can not only detect internal winding faults, but reduce the operating time of a relay.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 1999

Shinisan has been used for treatment of allergic disease in Oriental Medicine. However, its effect in experimental models remains unknown. The mast cell plays a pivotal role in initiating allergic response by secreting intracytoplasmic granular mediators such as histamine. The present report describes an inhibitory effect of Shinisan on mast cell-mediated immediate type allergic reactions. Topical application of compound 48/80 can induce an ear swelling response in normal ($WBB6F_1-+/+$) mice but not in the congenic mast cell-deficient $WBB6F_1-W/W^v$ mice. Shinisan inhibited concentration-dependently mast cell-dependent ear swelling response induced by compound 48/80. Shinisan inhibited concentration-dependently passive cutaneous anaphylaxis induced by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE in rats by topical application. Shinisan also inhibited concentration-dependently the histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. Moreover, Shinisan had a significant inhibitory effect on compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic reaction. These results indicate that Shinisan inhibits immediate-type allergic reactions by inhibition of mast cell degranulation in vivo and in vitro.