• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.915-934
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• 2020

Software refactoring is a process to restructure an existing software code while keeping its external behavior the same. Currently, various refactoring techniques are being used to develop more readable and less complex codes by improving the non-functional attributes of software. Refactoring can further improve code maintainability by applying various techniques to the source code, which in turn preserves the behavior of code. Refactoring facilitates bug removal and extends the capabilities of the program. In this paper, an exhaustive review is conducted regarding bad smells present in source code, applications of specific refactoring methods to remove that bad smell and its effect on software quality. A total of 68 studies belonging to 32 journals, 31 conferences, and 5 other sources that were published between the years 2001 and 2019 were shortlisted. The studies were analyzed based on of bad smells identified, refactoring techniques used, and their effects on software metrics. We found that "long method", "feature envy", and "data class" bad smells were identified or corrected in the majority of studies. "Feature envy" smell was detected in 36.66% of the total shortlisted studies. Extract class refactoring approach was used in 38.77% of the total studies, followed by the move method and extract method techniques that were used in 34.69% and 30.61% of the total studies, respectively. The effects of refactoring on complexity and coupling metrics of software were also analyzed in the majority of studies, i.e., 29 studies each. Interestingly, the majority of selected studies (41%) used large open source datasets written in Java language instead of proprietary software. At the end, this study provides future guidelines for conducting research in the field of code refactoring.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.143-154
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the current and future status of Parkinson's disease rehabilitation service in Busan. Methods: A literature search of domestic journals was conducted using the keywords "Parkinson's", "exercise", "rehabilitation", and "physical therapy". The chosen databases were Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), e-articles, and Korean studies Information Service System (KISS). International literature was searched in PubMed, Pedro, DOI, Publisher, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and PsycINFO using the same combination of keywords. Results: The results of this study showed that 33 medical institutions provide Parkinson's disease rehabilitation service and five do not. Regarding the composition of Parkinson's disease rehabilitation teams, 15 medical institutions provide physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy as their rehabilitation program, 15 medical institutions provide physical therapy and occupational therapy, and three provide only physical therapy. The study found that muscle-strengthening, flexibility, endurance, and balance exercises were commonly provided in all 33 medical institutions for Parkinson's disease. Additional exercises were provided in only three medical institutions. The frequency was five times a week in 20 medical institutions. Conclusion: Medical institutions located in Busan provide a variety of Parkinson's disease rehabilitation services, not only in general hospitals but also in multiple medical institutions, although the composition of their Parkinson's disease rehabilitation teams and the frequency of treatment vary.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1199-1205
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• 2021

빅데이터 시대에는 단순히 데이터베이스에 잘 정리된 정형 데이터뿐만 아니라 인터넷, 소셜 네트워크 서비스, 모바일 환경에서 실시간 생성되는 웹 문서, 이메일, 소셜 데이터 등 비정형 빅데이터를 효과적으로 분석하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 빅데이터 분석은 데이터 저장소에 저장된 빅데이터 속에서 의미 있는 새로운 상관관계, 패턴, 추세를 발견하여 새로운 가치를 창출하는 과정이다. 빅데이터 분석 도구인 R 언어를 이용하여 비정형 논문 데이터를 빈도분석을 통해 분석결과를 요약과 시각화하고자 한다. 본 연구에서 사용된 데이터는 한국정보통신학회 학회지 논문 중에서 2021년 1월호-5월호 총 논문 104편을 대상으로 분석하였다. 최종 분석결과 가장 많이 언급된 키워드는 "데이터"가 1,538회로 1위를 차지하였다. 따라서 분석결과를 바탕으로 연구의 한계와 이론적 실무적 시사점을 제시하고자 한다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.311-315
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• 2021

Objective: As clinicians and patients await consensus on intraovarian platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment, this project evaluated contemporary research trends in the literature. Methods: A PubMed/NLM search aggregated all ovarian PRP-related publications (n=54) to evaluate their scope, abstract utility, submission-to-publication interval, journal selected, article processing charge (APC), free reader access to full-text manuscripts, number and nationality of authors, and inclusion of international collaborators. The NIH Clinical Trials database was also audited. Results: Published output on intraovarian PRP has increased consistently since 2016, especially among investigators in Greece, Iran, USA, and Turkey. Between 2013 and 2021, 42 articles met the relevancy criteria, of which 40.5% reported clinical studies, small series, or case reports, 33% described experimental animal models, and 23.8% were opinion/review papers. Only two works included a placebo control group. The submission-to-publication interval (mean±standard deviation) was 130±96 days, there were 5.9±3.2 authors per project, and journals invoiced US $1,613±1,466 (range, $0-$3,860) for APCs. Conclusion: There was no correlation between APC and time to publish (Pearson's r=-0.01). Abstract content was inconsistent; sample size and patient age were often missing, yet free full-text "open access" was available for most publications (59.5%). The NIH Clinical Trials portal lists eight registered studies on "ovarian rejuvenation," of which two are actively recruiting patients, while four have been terminated or have an uncertain status. Two studies have concluded, with results from one posted to the NIH website. PRP and its derivatives for ovarian treatment show early promise, but require further investigation. Research is accelerating and should be encouraged, particularly placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2023

Background: Common questions about shoulder arthroplasty (SA) searched online by patients and the quality of this content are unknown. The purpose of this study is to uncover questions SA patients search online and determine types and quality of webpages encountered. Methods: The "People also ask" section of Google Search was queried to return 900 questions and associated webpages for general, anatomic, and reverse SA. Questions and webpages were categorized using the Rothwell classification of questions and assessed for quality using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria. Results: According to Rothwell classification, the composition of questions was fact (54.0%), value (24.7%), and policy (21.3%). The most common webpage categories were medical practice (24.6%), academic (23.2%), and medical information sites (14.4%). Journal articles represented 8.9% of results. The average JAMA score for all webpages was 1.69. Journals had the highest average JAMA score (3.91), while medical practice sites had the lowest (0.89). The most common question was, "How long does it take to recover from shoulder replacement?" Conclusions: The most common questions SA patients ask online involve specific postoperative activities and the timeline of recovery. Most information is from low-quality, non-peer-reviewed websites, highlighting the need for improvement in online resources. By understanding the questions patients are asking online, surgeons can tailor preoperative education to common patient concerns and improve postoperative outcomes. Level of evidence: IV.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.80-96
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• 2023

Purpose: This study examined the trends in domestic research that applied theory to diabetes patients to suggest future directions of nursing practice and research for diabetes patients. Methods: This scoping review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute guidance. The population was diabetes patients; the concept was a research that applied theory and had no limitations in context. Eligible studies were retrieved from electronic databases of RISS, KMbase, KoreaMed, NDSL, NAL, and nine major domestic nursing journals. Of the 509 retrieved articles, 20 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: The study included the community (57.1%), and the subjects were mainly type 2 diabetes patients (42.9%). The Information-Motivation-Behavior skills (IMB) model was the most applied theory (36.4%). The theories were primarily from psychology disciplines (72.7%) and predominantly applied as a conceptual framework of the study (55%). Conclusion: The studies that applied theory were conducted mainly in the community. The IMB model was the most applied theory, and the theory was most applied as the conceptual framework. Efforts to close the theory-practice gap and further studies on developing nursing interventions based on theory and verifying their effectiveness are needed to improve nursing practice and study for diabetic patients.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.41.1-41.23
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of various local anesthesia (LA) in vital asymptomatic teeth. Materials and Methods: Randomized controlled trials comparing pulpal anesthesia of various LA on vital asymptomatic teeth were included in this review. Searches were conducted in the Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, Google Scholar and 3 field-specific journals from inception to May 3, 2019. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool were done by 2 independent reviewers in duplicate. Network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed within the frequentist setting using STATA 15.0. The LA was ranked, and the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) line was plotted. The confidence of the NMA estimates was assessed using the CINeMA web application. Results: The literature search yielded 1,678 potentially eligible reports, but only 42 were included in this review. For maxillary buccal infiltration, articaine 4% with epinephrine 1:100,000 was more efficacious than lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:100,000 (odds ratio, 2.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-3.89). For mandibular buccal infiltration, articaine 4% with epinephrine 1:100,000 was more efficacious than various lidocaine solutions. The SUCRA ranking was highest for articaine 4% with epinephrine when used as maxillary and mandibular buccal infiltrations, and lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:80,000 when used as inferior alveolar nerve block. Inconsistency and imprecision were detected in some of the NMA estimates. Conclusions: Articaine 4% with epinephrine is superior when maxillary or mandibular infiltration is required in vital asymptomatic teeth.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.21-45
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• 2023

본 연구는 수학교육에서 영향력 있는 논문을 판별하는 기계학습 프로그램 개발 연구이다. 이를 위하여 과학계량학의 관점에서 논문의 영향력을 조명하고, 수학교육 연구 네트워크를 구성하고, 네트워크 중심성 지수인 PageRank로 수학교육 연구의 영향력으로 정의하였다. 영향력 있는 수학교육 연구를 판별하기 위하여 기계학습 모델을 설계하였으며, 이를 이용하여 영향력 있는 논문이 게재된 비율이 높은 학술지를 조사한 결과 Journal for Research in Mathematics Education(25.66%), Educational Studies in Mathematics(22.12%), Zentralblatt für Didaktik der Mathematik(8.46%), Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education(5.8%), Journal of Mathematical Behavior(5.51%) 순으로 나타났다. 수학교육 전문가들이 직접 논문을 읽고 질적으로 평가한 선행연구 결과와 유사한 결과를 기계학습 프로그램으로 도출할 수 있었다. 많은 인원과 시간이 필요했던 수학교육 연구의 영향력 평가를 인공지능을 이용하여 효율적으로 실시할 수 있었다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권6호
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• pp.1111-1123
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• 2023

This study aims to present a more systematic and developmental research direction by classifying animal-mediation related research trends published in Korea. We analyzed the research trends of 68 domestic animal-mediation programs published in 26 journals over the past 24 years under the premise of the necessity of animal-assisted therapy, which considered a very effective intervention method in the practice areas of various subjects. Therefore, this study examines the year of publication of animal-mediation related research conducted in various academic fields from 1998 to 2022, research data sources, characteristics of research subjects, types of interventions and research topics, research design and intervention sessions, intervention methods, and ethical consideration statements. The results of this study are as follows: First, in the source of research and research trends by year, the number of papers published in animal-related societies was the highest at 34 (50%); the number of studies has been steadily increasing since the mid-2000s. Second, regarding research trends by subject, 45 (66%) were general subjects, 23 (34%) were medically diagnosed, 60 (88%) were selected through pre-evaluation, and 8 (12%) were requested. Third, regarding research trends by method, 27 (40%) of the pretests were conducted before and after the experiment-control group, and only 3 (4%) of the 68 papers were examined later. Fourth, regarding research trends by content, depression (25%) was the most frequently applied variable, and regarding intervention sessions, 53 (78%) were less than 12 sessions. Fifth, regarding research trends and ethical consideration statements by treatment approach method, 58 cases (85%) of individual treatment approaches and 10 cases (15%) of intervention approaches integrated with individual treatment approaches, and 23 cases (34%) of studies with ethical consideration statements or the Institutional Review Board's (IRB) approval. Based on the study results, the implications and research directions of animal-assisted therapy related research are discussed.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.464-482
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• 2024

This study aimed to determine the effects of humectants on moisture content, water activity, tenderness, color, microbiological analysis, protein denaturation, and oxidation of jerky. A thorough search for papers published in scientific journals that examined the impacts of humectants on jerky was carried out using Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. Only 14 studies matched inclusion requirements. They were used in the meta-analysis to synthesise quantitative findings. In the current investigation, jerky produced with beef, poultry, goat, or pork was used. The standardised mean difference (SMD) between treatments with humectants and controls was examined to investigate the effects of humectants using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was investigated using meta-regression. A subgroup analysis was carried out for significant factors. Results revealed that the addition of humectants had no significant impact on water activity, pH, fat, ash, CIE L^*, or CIE a^* (p>0.05). However, humectant addition significantly increased moisture (SMD=1.28, p<0.05), CIE b^* (SMD=1.67, p<0.05), and overall acceptability (SMD=1.73, p<0.05). It significantly decreased metmyoglobin (SMD=-0.96, p<0.05), shear force (SMD=-0.84, p<0.05), and protein (SMD=-1.61, p<0.05). However, it was difficult to get a firm conclusion about how humectants affected the myofibrillar fragmentation index, total plate count, and 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances because there were fewer than ten studies. To sum up, the proper use of humectants in jerky demands careful attention to both type and quantity, needing a delicate balancing act with other contributing factors.