• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.196-201
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Bioavailability enhancement by solubilization of lipophilic drugs in nano-emulsion has been reported and it may be useful in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products. This study was performed to compare in vivo bioavailability of nano-emulsion formulation with that of the general product as control. METHODS AND RESULTS: The pharmacokinetics assessment of Vitamin A, D and E complex of nanoemulsion formulation (LaVita), in comparison to the general product, was performed in the male rat plasma by a single oral dose at 20 mL/kg body weight (n=3/group). For nano-emulsion formulation (LaVita), $C_{max}$ of vitamin A and E in plasma were much higher and the area under the curve (AUC) of vitamin A, D and E were 14-63% higher, and the half-life of vitamin E was 2-fold longer than the general product. According to statistical analysis, each $C_{max}$ of vitamin A, D & E was significantly higher (p<0.01, 0.05 and 0.01, respectively) than that of general product. Half-life of vitamin A was significantly higher (p<0.01) and AUC of vitamin A and D were also significantly higher than the general product. CONCLUSION(s): Considering significant increment of $C_{max}$ and AUC, LaVita made of nano-emulsion could be more effective the absorption rate and extent for bioavailability of vitamin A, D & E than those of general product.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.503-509
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• 2001

Thin films of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si : H) and hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC:H) of different compositions were deposited on Si(100) wafer and glass by RF plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD). In the present work, we have investigated the effects of the RF power on the properties, such as optical band gap, transmittance and crystallinity. The Raman data show that the a-Si:H material consists of an amorphous and crystalline phase for the co-presence of two peaks centered at 480 and $520 cm^{-1}$ . The UV-VIS data suggested that the optical energy band gap ($E_{g}$ ) is not changed effectively with RF power and the obtained $E_{g}$(1.80eV) of the $\mu$c-Si:H thin film has almost the same value of a-Si:H thin film (1.75eV), indicating that the crystallity of hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin film can mainly not affected to their optical properties. However, the experimental results have shown that$ E_{g}$ of the a-SiC:H thin films changed little on the annealing temperature while $E_{g}$ increased with the RF power. The Raman spectrum of the a-SiC:H thin films annealed at high temperatures showed that graphitization of carbon clusters and microcrystalline silicon occurs.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.595-602
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• 1997

Treatment of newborn female rats with gonadal steroids induces permanent sterility in adulthood. We investigated the alteration in expression patterns of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in neonatally estrogenized sterile rats (ESR). Newborn female rats received daily injections of 17${\beta}$-estradiol (E, 10 ${\mu}$g) from the day of birth (day 1) to postnatal day 5. Controls were subjected to vehicles over the same period. All animals were sacrificed on week 7 after birth. Hypothalamic GnRH mANA levels were markedly higher in all ESR than in controls, while hypothalamic GnRH contents in ESR increased in proportion to the frequency of daily administration of E. However, both pituitary LH6 mRNA and serum LH levels were inversely decreased by the same treatment. The data indicate that neonatal exposure of E equally elevates the expression of GnRH gene, but reduces the secretion of GnRH, accordingly leading to attenuation of LH6 gene expression and circulating LH levels. The temporal effect of E and/or progesterone (P) on GnRH and LH6 mRNA levels was also examined in ESR. Newborn female rats were daily injected with E (10 ${\mu}$g) or vehicle for five successive days from day 1 and ovariectomized at week 5. They were implanted with E (235 ${\mu}$g/ml) two days prior to week 7, injected with P (1 mg) 42 h later, and sacrificed 7 h after P administration. In ovariectomized controls, hypothalamic GnRH mRNA levels were dropped to half by treatment of E and restored by subsequent treatment of P. The negative feedback action of E on GnRH mRNA levels observed in ovariectomized rats was completely blocked by neonatal exposure of E. The change in pituitary LH mRNA levels was similar to that in hypothalamic GnRH mRNA levels. Taken together, the results suggest that neonatal treatment of E alters the synthesis and release of GnRH in adulthood and furthermore blocks the negative feedback regulation of E which occurs normally after ovariectomy.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.403-414
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• 2000

To improve the semen production, the selenium(Se) and vitamin E(Vit. E) were administrated into Hanwoo young sire for intensification an antioxidant system and the taurine were supplemented into semen extender for improving the semen characteristics. The 16 heads ranging from twenty to thirty two months of age were randomly assigned to control group, Se-admistrated group(Se-group), Vit. E-administrated group(Vit. E-Group) and Se and Vit. E administrated group(Se and Vit. E-group). Se and Vit. E dministrated 3 times every 30 days by intramuscular injection. The administration of Se, Vit. E, and Se and Vit. E didn't affect on semen volume, sperm concentration, and total sperm number among all groups(p>0.05). Adiministration of Se improved sperm motility and viability. Motility of Se-group and control were 26.01% and 19.20%, respectively(p<0.05). Viability of Se-group(47.07%) was higher than control group(35.73%), Vit. E group(36.55%)(p<0.05). The administration of Se and Vit. E didn't affect sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction. The 100mM taurine supplement into semen extender increased the motility of frozen/thawed semen in the Vit. E-group(p<0.05) and had a beneficial effects on decreasing abnormality of frozen/thawed semen in all groups(p<0.05). These results indicate that Se administration improve sperm motility and viability, and the taurine supplement into semen extender decrease abnormality in Hanwoo young sire.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.89-98
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• 2007

This paper studied the spatial factors activating the personal interaction based on case studies of $M\'{e}diath\'{e}ques$ in France. The spatial factors are analyzed into material factors and dematerial factors. The material factors have physical features in space and directly or indirectly activate the personal interaction. They consist of 8 elements including pocket space, balcony, atrium, stairs, elevators, windows, conference rooms and furnitures. The dematerial factors consist of 6 elements including polycentrism, continuance, mixture, interpenetration, dematerialization, transparency. They are compounded of material factors and explain them conceptually. But dematerial factors are abstract concepts. To provide reliability I confirm the relationship with dematerial factors by using a connections, topology, a phased depth of the Depthmap as the framework of the visual recognition of the space syntax covering the characteristic of dematerial factors. The result of the quantitative analysis human-behavior in $V\'{e}nissieux$ $M\'{e}diath\'{e}que$ and the result of applying the spatial factors of $M\'{e}diath\'{e}ques$ as the community center to the $V\'{e}nissieux$ $M\'{e}diath\'{e}que$ proved that the spatial factors are significant factors of the $M\'{e}diath\'{e}ques$ as the community center.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2014

A1E is an extract from traditional Asian medicinal plants that has therapeutic activities against cancers, metabolic disease, and other intractable conditions. However, its mechanism of action on cervical cancer has not been studied. In order to ascertain if A1E would have pronounced anti-cervical cancer effect, cervical cancer cells were incubated with A1E and apoptosis was detected by nuclear morphological changes, annexin V-FITC/PI staining, cell cycle analysis, western blotting, Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential. Expression of human papiloma virus E6 and E7 oncogenes was down-regulated in A1E-treated cervical cancer cells, while p53 and retinoblastoma protein levels were enhanced. A1E also perturbed cell cycle progression at sub-G1 and altered cell cycle regulatory factors in SiHa cervical cancer cells. A1E activated apoptotic intrinsic pathway markers such as caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase, and down-regulated expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl. A1E induced mitochondrial membrane potential collapse and cytochrome c release, and inhibited phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, key factors involved in cell survival signaling. Taken all these results, A1E induced apoptosis via activation of the intrinsic pathway and inhibition of the PI3K/Akt survival-signaling pathway in SiHa cervical cancer cells. In conclusion, A1E exerts anti-proliferative action growth inhibition on cervical cancer cells through apoptosis which demonstrates its anti-cervical cancer properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2011

Performance of ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs) is mainly affected by ground heat exchangers which makes up more than 40% of construction cost. Exact construction and grout as backfill are important, because it is difficult to repair after being installed. As grout materials, bentonite grout material and cement material are used In this paper, thermal conductivity according to mix proportion of cement grout has been experimentally studied. Some variables were set to evaluate thermal conductivities according to change in cement content, unit water ratio, mass per volume of fresh mortar, and aggregate types. From the experimental analysis, high performance cement grout has been proposed.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.390-390
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• 2005

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.802-805
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• 2003

The ion-induced secondary electron emission coefficient ${\gamma}$ for MgO thin film with $O_{2}$ plasma treatment has been investigated by ${\gamma}$-FIB (focused ion beam) system. The MgO thin film deposited from sintered material with $O_2$ plasma treatment is found to have higher ${\gamma}$ than that without $O_{2}$ plasma treatment. The energy of $Ne^{+}$ ions used has been ranged from 100eV to 200eV throughout this experiment. It is found that the highest secondary electron emission coefficient ${\gamma}$ has been achieved for 10 minutes of $O_{2}$ plasma treatment.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2003

A bacterial strain was isolated from seawater to screen for phytase activities. A colony had the highest activity and was identified as an Escherichia coli strain. Using primers derived from E. coli acid phosphatase appA sequence, we cloned a 1,495 bp DNA fragment connected with the pGEM-T vector. It was over-expressed under lac promoter combined with its native promoter in E. coli $DH5\alpha$. The expression of the phytase gene occurred during late exponential growth and the intracellular phytase production was 16.9 units/ml. The yield of recombinant phytate was 412-fold higher than that of wild type E. coli K13.