• 대한간호학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.430-458
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• 1990

Care is a central concept of nursing. Nursing would not exist without caring. Care and quality of life are closely related. Human behavior is a manifestation of culture. We can say that caring and nursing care are expression of culture. The nurse must understand the relationship of culture with care for ensure quality nursing care. But knowledge of cultural factors in nursing is not well developed. Time and in - depth study are needed to find meaningful relationships between culture and care. Nurses recognized the importance of culturally appropriate nursing There are two care systems in culturally based nursing. The folk care system and the professional nursing care system. The folk care system existed long before the professional nursing care system was introduced into this culture. If the discrepancy between these two care systems is great, the client may receive inappropriate nursing care. Culture and subcaltures are diverse and dynamic in nature. Nurses need to know the caring behaviors, patterns, and their meaning in their own culture. In Korea we have taken some first step to study cultural nursing phenomena. It is not our intent necessarily to return to the past and develop a nationalistic of nursing, but to identify the core of traditional caring and relate that to professional nursing care. Our Assumptions are as follows : 1) Care is essential for human growth, well being and survial. 2) 7here are diverse and universal forma, expressions, patterns, and processes of human care that exist transcul - turally. 3) The behaviors and functions of caring differ according to the social structure of each culture. 4) Cultures have folk and professional care values, beliefs, and practices. To promote the quality of nursing care we must understand the folk care value, beliefs, and practices. We undertook this study to understand caring in our traditional culture. The Goals of this study were as follows : 1) To identify patterns in caring behavior, 2) To identify the structural components of caring, and 3) To understand the meaning and some principles of caring. We faised several questions in this study. Who is the care-giver? Who is the care-receipient? Was the woman the major care -giver at any time? What are the patterns in caring behavior? What art the priciples underlying the caring process? We used an interdisciplinary team approach, composed of representatives from nursing and anthropology, to contribute in -depth understanding of caring through a socicaltural perspeetive. A Field study was conducted in Ro-Bong, a small agricultural kinship village. The subjects were nine women and one man aged be or more years of age. Data were collected from january 15 to 21, 1990 through opem-ended in-depth interviews and observations. The interview focused on caring behaviors sorrounding birth, aging, death and child rearing. We analysed these data for meaning, pattern and priciples of caring. In this report we describe caring behaviors surrounding childbirth. The care-givers were primarily mothers- in -low, other women in the family older than the mother - to- be, older neighbor woman, husbands, and mothers of the mother-to- be. The care receivers were the mother-to-be the baby, and the immediate family as a component of kinship. Emerging caring behavior included praying, helping proscribing, giving moral advice(Deug - Dam), showing concern, instructing, protecting, making preparations, showing consideration, touching, trusting, encouraging, giving emotional comfort, being with, worrying about, being patient, preventing problems, showing by an example, looking after bringing up, taking care of postnatal health, streng thening the health condition, entering into another's feelings(empathizing), and sharing food, joy and sorrow The emerging caring component were affection, touching, nurtuing, teaching, praying, comforting, encouraging, sharing. empathizing, self - discipline, protecting, preparing, helping and compassion. Emerging principles of. caring were solidarity, heir- archzeal relationships, sex - role distinction. Caring during birth expresses the valve of life and reflects the valued traditional beliefs that human birth is given by god and a unique unifying family event reaching back to include the ancestors and foreward to later generations. In addition, We found positive and rational foundations for traditionl caring behaviors surrounding birth, these should not be stigmatized as inational or superstitious. The nurse appropriately adopts the rational and positive nature of traditional caring behaviors to promote the quality of nursing care.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권35호
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• pp.329-346
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• 2014

미술은 한 사회의 정치, 경제, 사회, 문화가 만들어낸 시대적 산물이다. 최근의 디지털 매체의 발전은 예술에서 표현을 확장하는데 기여하였다. 디지털 매체는 이미지뿐만 아니라 소리나 물리적 지각 반응을 예술 창작의 한 요소로써 활용하는 것을 가능하게 한다. 또한 디지털 매체는 이미지, 소리, 빛, 그리고 다양한 조형 요소들 간의 재 융합이나 관객의 물리적 반응의 결합을 통해서 작품과 관객과 상호소통적인 공감각적이고 시지각적인 환경을 창출하도록 돕는다. 본 연구에서는 최근에 소리에 반응하는 다양한 미디어아트 작품들이 제작되고 있는데, 주로 관객이나 외부의 자극으로부터 발생되는 소리의 물리적 데이터를 시각화하는 작업에 초점을 두고 시지각적 관점에서 소리의 반응에 따른 데이터의 시각화와 작품의 이미지와 관객의 반응 관계 등을 분석하였다. 외부의 소리로부터 생성되는 물리적 데이터는 여러 가지 관점에서 분석될 수 있다. 예를 들면, 음성이나 외부 소리의 고저(pitch), 음량, 또는 주파수 분석을 통해서 데이터 분류가 가능하다. 본 연구자는 관객의 음성이나 외부의 물리적 자극을 통해서 발생되는 소리의 주파수를 분석하여 이에 상응하여 발광하는 LED기반 시각화 연구를 통해서 최근 새로운 미디어아트의 가능성을 모색하고, 실시간으로 생성될 수 있는 물리적 데이터들을 빛(LED)의 환영적 특성으로 변환함으로써 우연하게 관객에 반응하여 생성되는 다양한 시각이미지의 연출 가능성을 탐구하였다. 결과적으로 연구자는 사운드에 반응하는 시지각적인 인터랙티브 작품을 구현해보기 위하여 피에트 몬드리안(Piet Mondrian, 1872~1944)의 브로드웨이 부기우기(Broadway Boogie Woogie, 1942~3)작품을 모티브로 삼았다. 몬드리앙은 회화의 본질적인 표현 요소들을 단순화하는 작업으로 불필요하다고 생각된 요소들을 하나씩 제거하여 색, 수직선, 수평선으로 대상을 추상화시킴으로써 그 대상의 본질에 다가가고자 하였다. 연구자는 몬드리앙의 이러한 단순화된 구성을 외부의 소리 자극을 단순화하여 빛(LED)의 요소로 재현하는 시각적 표현의 메타포로 사용하였고, 몬드리앙의 정적 구성에서 빛과 소리의 공감각적인 표현을 극대화하는 동적 구성으로의 관객의 참여를 유도하는 환경을 구현해 보았다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2004

I. 서 론 : 변비(便秘)는 우리가 임상에서 흔히 접하는 위장관의 증상으로서, 사람들은 배변의 횟수가 너무 적거나, 대변을 힘들게 보는 경우, 대변이 너무 딱딱하거나 양이 적은 경우 혹은 배변이 너무 고통스럽거나 불완전한 배변감이 있는 경우 등과 같이 다양한 형태로서 변비라고 생각하여 병원을 찾게 된다. 그러나 변비는 식이와 사회 및 의료 환경 등의 요인에 의해 많은 영향을 받기 때문에 변비 환자의 진단 및 치료적 접근에 앞서 이러한 다양한 인자 등을 감안하여 객관적인 표준화된 정의를 설정하는데 있어 방사선학적 진단이 유용하고 이에 관한 진단적 접근방법에 대해 알아보고자 한다. II. 본 론 : 대장의 운동기능을 평가하는 검사법 가운데 가장 기본이 되는 검사가 대장통과시간(Colon transit time, CTT) 검사이다. 대장통과시간은 만성 변비증 환자의 병태생리에 따른 유형 분류와 치료 계획의 설정에 커다란 도움을 주고 있다. 방사선 비투과성 표지자(Radiopaque marker)를 이용하는 방법, 다수 표지자 사용법(Multiple marker technique), 신티그라피 측정법(Scintigraphic measurement)이 있다. 배변조영술은 항문 직장의 해부학적 정보뿐만 아니라 배변 시 항문, 직장의 변화와 골반저의 운동상태를 파악할 수 있는 기능적 방사선학 검사이다. 배변 시 항문 직장의 역동적 관찰은 배변이상 환자의 진단 및 치료방침 결정 그리고 추적검사에 도움을 준다. 마지막으로 병력에서 빠뜨려서는 안되는 것이 행동 장애나 정서 장애와 같은 정신심리학적 요인이 동반되어 있는지를 세심하게 판단하는 것이다. 이런 경우에는 이러한 정신과적 문제와 관련된 약물 복용의 유무와 종류에 대해서도 파악을 하여야 한다. III. 결 론 : 변비의 흔한 원인에는 섬유질 섭취가 충분하지 못한 경우, 수분 섭취가 충분하지 못한 경우가 많으며, 변비환자에서의 이러한 검사의 목적은 변비의 기질적 병인을 확인하기 위함으로서, 통상 이러한 방사학적 검사를 통해 결장과 항문직장의 기능에 대한 정보를 얻을 수 있는 것은 아니다. 변비 환자의 병태생리에 따른 유형을 구분하여 향후 검사 및 치료방침을 설정하는 데 중요한 정보를 제공하고 환자의 예후를 예측하는데도 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.79-96
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• 2008

One of the roles of the Semantic Web services is to execute dynamic intra-organizational services including the integration and interoperation of business processes. Since different organizations design their processes differently, the retrieval of similar semantic business processes is necessary in order to support inter-organizational collaborations. Most approaches for finding services that have certain features and support certain business processes have relied on some type of logical reasoning and exact matching. This paper presents our approach of using imprecise matching for expanding results from an exact matching engine to query the OWL(Web Ontology Language) MIT Process Handbook. MIT Process Handbook is an electronic repository of best-practice business processes. The Handbook is intended to help people: (1) redesigning organizational processes, (2) inventing new processes, and (3) sharing ideas about organizational practices. In order to use the MIT Process Handbook for process retrieval experiments, we had to export it into an OWL-based format. We model the Process Handbook meta-model in OWL and export the processes in the Handbook as instances of the meta-model. Next, we need to find a sizable number of queries and their corresponding correct answers in the Process Handbook. Many previous studies devised artificial dataset composed of randomly generated numbers without real meaning and used subjective ratings for correct answers and similarity values between processes. To generate a semantic-preserving test data set, we create 20 variants for each target process that are syntactically different but semantically equivalent using mutation operators. These variants represent the correct answers of the target process. We devise diverse similarity algorithms based on values of process attributes and structures of business processes. We use simple similarity algorithms for text retrieval such as TF-IDF and Levenshtein edit distance to devise our approaches, and utilize tree edit distance measure because semantic processes are appeared to have a graph structure. Also, we design similarity algorithms considering similarity of process structure such as part process, goal, and exception. Since we can identify relationships between semantic process and its subcomponents, this information can be utilized for calculating similarities between processes. Dice's coefficient and Jaccard similarity measures are utilized to calculate portion of overlaps between processes in diverse ways. We perform retrieval experiments to compare the performance of the devised similarity algorithms. We measure the retrieval performance in terms of precision, recall and F measure? the harmonic mean of precision and recall. The tree edit distance shows the poorest performance in terms of all measures. TF-IDF and the method incorporating TF-IDF measure and Levenshtein edit distance show better performances than other devised methods. These two measures are focused on similarity between name and descriptions of process. In addition, we calculate rank correlation coefficient, Kendall's tau b, between the number of process mutations and ranking of similarity values among the mutation sets. In this experiment, similarity measures based on process structure, such as Dice's, Jaccard, and derivatives of these measures, show greater coefficient than measures based on values of process attributes. However, the Lev-TFIDF-JaccardAll measure considering process structure and attributes' values together shows reasonably better performances in these two experiments. For retrieving semantic process, we can think that it's better to consider diverse aspects of process similarity such as process structure and values of process attributes. We generate semantic process data and its dataset for retrieval experiment from MIT Process Handbook repository. We suggest imprecise query algorithms that expand retrieval results from exact matching engine such as SPARQL, and compare the retrieval performances of the similarity algorithms. For the limitations and future work, we need to perform experiments with other dataset from other domain. And, since there are many similarity values from diverse measures, we may find better ways to identify relevant processes by applying these values simultaneously.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 1991

This study intends to provide some desirable suggestions for the development of application oriented mathematics curriculum. More specific objects of this study is: 1. To identify the meaning of application and modelling in mathematics curriculm. 2. To illuminate the historical background of and trends in application and modelling in the mathematics curricula. 3. To consider the reasons for including application and modelling in the mathematics curriculum. 4. To find out some implication for developing application oriented mathematics curriculum. The meaning of application and modelling is clarified as follows: If an arbitrary area of extra-mathematical reality is submitted to any kind of treatment which invovles mathematical concepts, methods, results, topics, we shall speak of the process of applying mathemtaics to that area. For the result of the process we shall use the term an application of mathematics. Certain objects, relations between them, and structures belonging to the area under consideration are selected and translated into mathemtaical objects, relation and structures, which are said to represent the original ones. Now, the concept of mathematical model is defined as the collection of mathematical objcets, . relations, structures, and so on, irrespective of what area is being represented by the model and how. And the full process of constructing a mathematical model of a given area is called as modelling, or model-building. During the last few decades an enormous extension of the use of mathemtaics in other disciplines has occurred. Nowadays the concept of a mathematical model is often used and interest has turned to the dynamic interaction between the real world and mathematics, to the process translating a real situation into a mathematical model and vice versa. The continued growing importance of mathematics in everyday practice has not been reflected to the same extent in the teaching and learning of mathematics in school. In particular the world-wide 'New Maths Movement' of the 19608 actually caused a reduction of the importance of application and modelling in mathematics teaching. Eventually, in the 1970s, there was a reaction to the excessive formallism of 'New Maths', and a return in many countries to the importance of application and connections to the reality in mathematics teaching. However, the main emphasis was put on mathematical models. Applicaton and modelling should be part of the mathematics curriculum in order to: 1. Convince students, who lacks visible relevance to their present and future lives, that mathematical activities are worthwhile, and motivate their studies. 2. Assist the acqusition and understanding of mathematical ideas, concepts, methods, theories and provide illustrations and interpretations of them. 3. Prepare students for being able to practice application and modelling as private individuals or as citizens, at present or in the future. 4. Foster in students the ability to utilise mathematics in complex situations. Of these four reasons the first is rather defensive, serving to protect or strengthen the position of mathematics, whereas the last three imply a positive interest in application and modelling for their own sake or for their capacity to improve mathematics teaching. Suggestions, recomendations and implications for developing application oriented mathematics curriculum were made as follows: 1. Many applications and modelling case studies suitable for various levels should be investigated and published for the teacher. 2. Mathematics education both for general and vocational students should encompass application and modelling activities, of a constructive as well as analytical and critical nature. 3. Application and modelling activities should. be introduced in mathematics curriculum through the interdisciplinary integrated approach. 4. What are the central ideas of, and what are less-important topics of application-oriented curriculum should be studied and selected. 5. For any mathematics teacher, application and modelling should form part of pre- and in-service education.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제2호
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• pp.259-289
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• 1999

The Security Industry has dynamic working conditions. So this study intends to find the advisable direction for the reduction of accidents. To achieve the aim, the investigation of documents and the examinations of actual proofs have been done to figure the theoretical background and to see the basic knowledge of security industry. The questionnaire was composed of two question sheets to search real data and actual proofs, with making targets of pure security organization and personnel. The one consists of 9 questions to find the scale and extent of security organizations and the population and character of security personnel, and the other 25 questions in 3 major areas to analyze the causes, the frequency rates, the factors, and the condition of accidents. The period of survey was July 15th to October 15th in 1997 by mail/telephone/interview. The questionnaires were efficiently returned from 102 different organizations including the public security groups of Seoul Metropolitan Police Bureau and so on, with the information of 8,222 persons having worked for Korean Security Industry in 1996. So being based on the reality, some meaningful facts were found, and were compared with the national statistics of the Government. This study is made up of 5 chapters : in the 1st chapter the motivation, the object, the method, the direction and the limitation of the approach were presented ,in the 2nd chapter the theoretical background were inferred ; in the 3rd chapter the collected data of accidents in Korean Security Industry were analyzed and explained on the base of the questionnaires , in the 4th chapter the advisable facts connected with preventing accidents were mentioned ; in the last the conclusion were stated. With the replies of 102 different organizations including the information of 8,222 persons in 1996, the main facts found or analyzed through this study are as follows. Firstly, accident is an unpredictable and occasional event. It occurs to man and/or thing, but the frequency rate of accidents in Korean Government and other Institutes has been calculated and evaluated only in the point of the accident related with man. Secondly, the factors of accidents are firstly relevant to the way preventing accidents in Security Industry in Korea. However the frequency rate is academically calculated and evaluated by at once man(population) and hour(time). But the Government has done the rate only by man(population). This can be improper and inaccurate rates. Thirdly, the confused concept of security is used in Korean Government, academic society, corporation and so on. Therefore the detailed formation of the concept is needed for the development of Security Industry in Korea. Fourthly, security organizations can be classified into 'public security(public law enforcement)' and 'private security' according to its identification, and furthermore 'private security' can be divided into 'facilities-guard service', 'body-guard service', and 'patrol service' according to its major role. Fifthly, in the viewpoint of the number of both organization and population,'facilities-guard service' is centered in Korean 'private security'. According to the analyzed results of the questionnaires in this study, the frequency rate of accidents of Korean Security Industry is 0.43(%) totally in 1996 : 'facilities-guard service' 0.54(%), 'body-guard service' 0.12(%), and 'patrol service' 0.21(%) in 'private security', and 'public security' 0.20(%). With regard to the accident frequency rate of organization and population, 'facilities-guard service' is the highest. The accident frequency rate of population in 'facilities-guard service' organization ranges dispersively from 0.20(%) to 11.11(%). Sixthly, the accidented rate of workers having serviced for under one year is 57.6(%). This can mean that the main factor of accidents in Korean Security Industry is the lack of role-understanding and training/education. And another factor can be found on the time of accident occurrence. Many accidents have been occurred on the relaxed points like as just after lunch and morning rush-hour. Lastly, the major advisable facts related to preventing accidents are as follows : The workers who are over fifty years old in 'facilities-guard service' organization need to be educated for preventing accidents ; It is desirable that the training and education to prevent accidents should be practiced in the time of pre-service ; As the style of accidents and the age of the accidented are not same according to major service area('public security' and 'private security' : 'facilities-guard service', 'body-guard service', and 'patrol service'), the plans to prevent accidents must be different and various. However fracture and bruise are general accidents in Korean Security Industry ; Workers must care about traffic accident and violent fall ; It seems that the grouped working with other two persons will reduce accident occurrence possibility rather than individually single working.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제3권
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• pp.287-316
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• 1999

Cyberspace permits us to more beyond traditional face-to-face, mail and telephone surveys, yet still to examine basic issues regarding the quality of data collection: sampling, questionnaire design, survey distribution, means of response, and database creation. This article address each of these issues by contrasting and comparing traditional survey methods(Paper-and-Pencil) with Internet or Personal Computer networks-mediated (Screen-and-Keyboard) survey methods also introduces researchers to this revolutionary and innovative tool and outlines a variety of practical methods for using the Internet or Personal Computer Networks. The revolution in telecommunications technology has fostered the rapid growth of the Internet all over the world. The Internet is a massive global network and comprising many national and international networks of interconnected computers. The Internet or Personal Computer Networks could be the comprehensive interactive tool that will facilitate the development of the skills. The Internet or Personal Computer Networks provides a virtual frontier to expand our access to information and to increase our knowledge and understanding of public opinion, political behavior, social trends and lifestyles through survey research. Comparable to other technological advancements, the Internet or Personal Computer Networks presents opportunities that will impact significantly on the process and quality of survey research now and in the twenty-first century. There are trade-offs between traditional and the Internet or Personal Computer Networks survey. The Internet or Personal Computer Networks is an important channel for obtaining information for target participants. The cost savings in time, efforts, and material were substantial. The use of the Internet or Personal Computer Networks survey tool will increase the quality of research environment. There are several limitations to the Internet or Personal Computer Network survey approach. It requires the researcher to be familiar with Internet navigation and E-mail, it is essential for this process. The use of Listserv and Newsgroup result in a biased sample of the population of corporate trainers. However, it is this group that participates in technology and is in the fore front of shaping the new organizations of interest, and therefore it consists of appropriate participants. If this survey method becomes popular and is too frequently used, potential respondents may become as annoyed with E-mail as the sometimes are with mail survey and junk mail. Being a member of the Listserv of Newsgroup may moderate that reaction. There is a need to determine efficient, effective ways for the researcher to strip identifiers from E-mail, so that respondents remain anonymous, while simultaneously blocking a respondent from responding to a particular survey instrument more than once. The optimum process would be on that is initiated by the researcher : simple, fast and inexpensive to administer and has credibility with respondents. This would protect the legitimacy of the sample and anonymity. Creating attractive Internet or Personal Computer Networks survey formats that build on the strengths of standardized structures but also capitalize on the dynamic and interactive capability of the medium. Without such innovations in survey design, it is difficult to imagine why potential survey respondents would use their time to answer questions. More must be done to create diverse and exciting ways of building an credibility between respondents and researchers on the Internet or Personal Computer Networks. We believe that the future of much exciting research is based in the Electronic survey research. The ability to communicate across distance, time, and national boundaries offers great possibilities for studying the ways in which technology and technological discourse are shaped. used, and disseminated ; the many recent doctoral dissertations that treat some aspect of electronic survey research testify to the increase focus on the Internet or Personal Computer Networks. Thus, scholars should begin a serious conversation about the methodological issues of conducting research In cyberspace. Of all the disciplines, Internet or Personal Computer Networks, emphasis on the relationship between technology and human communication, should take the lead in considering research in the cyberspace.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.603-646
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• 2009

본고는 바슐라르의 상상력 이론을 탐구함으로 상상력과 창의력의 철학적 기초를 세우는 목적을 가진다. 바슐라르의 상상력 이론이 서구지성사에서 차지하고 있는 중요성과 상상력 이론이 창의력의 철학적 기초 정립에 기여하는 바를 다룬다. 바슐라르의 상상력 이론은 상상력이 이미지를 형성하는 능력인가 아니면 이미지를 변형하는 능력인가를 변별하는 과정을 통해 접근할 수 있다. 이미지의 형성 능력은 서구사상사에 등장하는 모방론 혹은 재현론과 연결되며, 더 나아가 시각중심주의와 이성중심 주의의 틀과 연결된다. 바슐라르는 상상력이 이미지의 형성능력이 아니라고 단호하게 주장하는데, 그 이유는 상상력이 비상하기위해 필요한 날개가 앞에서 언급한 틀 안에서는 자라날 수 없기 때문이다. 이런 문제를 해결하고 극복하는 과정에서 나온 해답이 바로 이미지의 변형 능력으로서의 상상력이다. 이미지의 변형 능력을 중심으로 하는 바슐라르의 상상력 이론은 운동의 역능을 그 핵심으로 두고 있는데, 실체의 연속적 변화를 측정하는 개념을 현시할 수 있는 이론을 구성한다. 공간분할을 통해 운동을 통제 가능한 순간의 합산으로 처리하는 것을 비판하여, 상상력의 운동이 갖는 참된 에너지와 의미를 밟혀낸다. 더 나아가 본고는 바슐라르의 상상력이론이 기존의 연구보다 훨씬 더 칸트의 상상력과 미학의 반성적 판단과 연결되고 있음을 보여줄 것이다. 이 탐구를 통해 상상력을 체험할 수 있는 철학적 가능정의 조건을 형성한다. 이런 조건의 형성이 곧 창의력의 철학적 기초로 활용할 수 있는 것임을 보여줌과 아울러 상상력과 창의력의 존재론과 윤리의 문제를 다룸으로 본고를 마감한다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.35-61
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• 2003

Background： The purpose of this study was to develop a structured and individualized smoking prevention program for adolescents by utilizing a multimedia computer-assisted instruction model and to empirically assess its effect. Method： For the purpose of this study, a guide book of smoking prevention program for middle and high school students was developed as the first step. The contents of this book were summarized and developed into an actual multimedia CAI smoking prevention program according to the Gane ＆ Briggs instructional design and Keller's ARCS motivation design models as the second step. At the final step, the short-tenn effects of this program were examined by an experiment. This experiment were made for middle school and high school students and the quasi experimental design was the pretest - intervention - posttest. The measured data was attitude, belief, and knowledge about smoking, interest in the program, and learning motivation. Result： The results of this study were as follows： First, the guide book of a smoking prevention program was developed and the existing literature on adolescent smoking was analyzed to develop the content of the guide book. Then the curriculum was divided into three main domains on tobacco and smoking history, smoking and health, adolescent smoking and each main domain was divided into sub-domains. Second, the contents of the guide book were translated into a multimedia CAI program of smoking prevention througn Powerpoint software according to the instructional design theory. The characteristics of this program were interactive, learner controllable, and structured The program contents consisted of entrance(5.6％), history of tobacco(30％), smoking and health(38.9％), adolescent smoking(22.2％), video(4.7％), and exit(1.6％). Multimedia materials consisted of text(121), sound and music, image(still 84, dynamic 32), and videogram(6). The program took about 40 minutes to complete. Third, the results on analysis of the program effects were as follows： 1) There was significant knowledge increase between the pre-test and post-test with total mean difference 3.44, and the highest increase was in the 1st grade students of high school(p＜0.001). 2) There was significant decrease in general belief on smoking between the pre-test and post-test with total mean difference 0.28. In subgroup analysis, the difference was significantly higher in the 1st grade of high school (p<0.001), low income class (p<0.001), and daily smokers (p<0.01). 3) There was no significant difference in attitudes on his personal smoking between the pre-test and post-test. 4) The interest in the program seemed to lower as students got older. The score of motivation toward this prevention program was the highest in the middle school 3rd grade. Among sub-domains of motivation, the confidence score was the highest. Conclusion： To be most effective, the smoking prevention program for adolescents should utilize the most up-to-date and accurate information on smoking, and then instructional material should be developed so that the learners can approach the program with enjoyment. Through this study, a guide book with the most up-to-date information was developed and the multimedia CAI smoking prevention program was also developed based on the guide book. The program showed positive effect on the students' knowledge and belief in smoking.

• 한국보건교육건강증진학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국보건교육건강증진학회 2004년도 국제학술대회
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• pp.1-16
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• 2004

이 논문은 다음 관점들로부터 건강 증진의 가능성들을 고찰해 본다. (1) IUHPE, (2) 사회문화적 유사성들 (3) 행동 연구, 그리고 (4) 과거로부터의 학습 1, IUHPE는 여러 지역에 걸쳐서 분산된 활약들을 평가하며, 일본, 한국, 홍콩, 대만과 중국은 NPWP 지역에 속한다. IUHPE 세계회의가 1995년에 일본에서 개최된 이래로, NPWP 회원수의 60% 이상을 일본이 차지하곤 했다. 2001년 이후로 중국어권 소구역에서 회원수가 급속히 증가하는 중이다. 다국적 합작(국적을 초월한 공동연구)은 여전히 그 초기 단계에 있다. 2. 유교는 중요한 부분중의 하나다. 유교적 전통은 단지 장애물로써 보여져선 안되며, 동아시아에서 더욱 만족스러운 건강증진의 형태를 추구하기 위한 이점들로써 보여져야 한다. 3. 새로운 공중보건체제 내에서, 사람들은 그들의 건강을 창조하고 존속시키도록 되어있다. 그러나 특히 일본에서는, 여전히 '직접 대면하는 숨김없는 상호작용의 부족' 추세가 학구적인 환경뿐 아니라 건강증진 환경에서도 흔하게 있다. 그러므로 저자는 WIFY 의뢰(사람들의 매일의 생활과 환경을 재검토하기 위한 주제를 놓고 고안된 상호 작용하는 질문들)나 토론회(원탁 회의 참석자들) 상호작용을 소개하는 것과 같은 참여적 접근들을 시도했다. 지금까지, 참여자 대다수가 새로운 시도들을 기꺼이 받아들이고 있다. 4. 1945년에 일본의 한국침입과 점령이 종결된 이후, 다음의 사회적 현상은 상대적으로 논의된다. -동양 의술의 상태, -공공 의료시설의 분리, 그리고 -국립 면허로써의 건강증진 전문가. 현 상태로 유지를 고집하고 실속 있는 사회 변화를 뒤로 미루는 일본의 경향에 반하여, 한국에서는 빠르고 역동적인 사회적 변화를 향한 추세가 더욱 흔하게 관찰되고 있다. 위의 모든 가능성들이 여전히 그 시작 단계에 있음에도 불구하고, 그들은 한층 더한 도전과 수반하는 연구들을 기다리고 있는 흥미로운 방향들을 제시할 것이다.연구에서 제시하는 유지관리 모델을 기반으로 각 지자체별로 적절한 컨설팅이 진행되고 이에 따라 담당자의 실천이 이루어진다면 지자체 GIS의 투자대비 효과에 대한 기대는 이상이 아닌 현실로 다가오게 될 것이다.가오게 될 것이다. 동일하게 25%의 소유권을 가지고 있다. ？스굴 시추사업은 2008년까지 수행될 계획이며, 시추작업은 2005년까지 완료될 계획이다. 연구 진행과 관련하여, 공동연구의 명분을 높이고 분석의 효율성을 높이기 위해서 시료채취 및 기초자료 획득은 4개국의 연구원이 모여 공동으로 수행한 후의 결과물을 서로 공유하고, 자세한 전문분야 연구는 각 국의 대표기관이 독립적으로 수행하는 방식을 택하였다 ？스굴에 대한 제1차 시추작업은 2004년 3월 말에 실시하였다. 시추작업 결과, 약 80m의 시추 코아가 성공적으로 회수되어 현재 러시아 이르쿠츠크 지구화학연구소에 보관중이다. 이 시추코아는 2004년 8월 중순경에 4개국 연구팀원들에 의해 공동으로 기재된 후에 분할될 계획이다. 분할된 시료는 국내로 운반되어 다양한 전문분야별 연구에 이용될 것이다. 한편, 제2차 시추작업은 2004년 12월에서 2005년 2월 사이에 실시될 계획이다. 수백만년에 이르는 장기간에 걸쳐 지구환경변화 기록이 보존되어 있는 ？스굴호에 대한 시추사업은 후기 신생대 동안 유라시아 대륙 중부에서 일어난 지구환경 및 기후변화를 이해함과 동시에 이러한 변화가 육상생태계 및 지표지질환경에 미친 영향을 이해하는데 크게 기여할 것이다.lieve in safety with Radioactivity wastes control for harmony with Environment.d by the experiments under various conditions.뢰, 결속 등 다차원의 개념에 대한 심도 깊은 연구와 최근 제기되고 있는 이론의 확대도 필요하다. 마지막으로 신뢰와 결속에 영향을 미치는 요소간의 개념적 분류, 차이의 검증, 영향력 등을 광범위하게 진행