• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.111-114
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• 2005

The antihistamine effects of the triprolidine were studied in rats to determine the feasibility of their enhanced transdermal delivery from the poly (4-methyl-1-pentene) (TPX) matrix system containing penetration enhancer and plasticizer. The antihistamine effects were determined by the Evans blue dye procedure by comparing the changes in vascular permeability increase following the transdermal administration. The vascular permeability increase was significantly reduced by transdermal administration of the triprolidine-TPX system containing triethyl citrate (TEC) and polyoxyethylene-2-oleyl ether (POE). Both the plasticizer and penetration enhancer played an important role in the skin permeation of triprolidine and increased the antihistamine effects. These results showed that the triprolidine-TPX matrix system containing plasticizer and penetration enhancer could be a transdermal delivery system providing the increased antihistamine effects.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2003

To evaluate the quantitative nature of laser fluorescence(LF) and dye-enhanced laser fluorescence(DELF) on early enamel caries, artificial caries were induced on the bovine enamels and argon laser was irradiated on the surfaces of lesions. Fluorescence radiance from enamel specimen was recorded with CCD camera which was connected to PC image analyzing system. The difference of fluorescence of radiance(DFR) between the carious and the sound enamel in each sample of the LF and the DELF groups were measured by image analyzing program. The DFR of lesion surfaces measured with laser fluorescence and lesion depths were evaluated and the results are as follows: The caries lesions were discriminated from sound enamels by the darkness with LF and by the brightness with DELF. The DELF was more sensitive than the LF at the earlier stage of demineralization.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.74-83
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the effects of fermented lotus extracts on the inhibition of differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Methods: Extracts of lotus leaf and lotus root were fermented using 4 different probiotics separately, including Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium longum. Inhibition of preadipocyte differentiation was examined by Oil red O dye staining. Expressions of adipogenic transcription factors including CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/$EBP{\alpha}$) and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$) were analyzed by real time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis. Results: Fermented lotus extracts inhibited adipogenic transcription factors by inhibiting preadipocytes differentiation. All of the groups fermented by 4 kinds of probiotics showed reduction in Oil Red O dye staining. Bifidobacterium breve showed the most effective inhibition of C/$EBP{\alpha}$. Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium longum showed the best downregulation of $PPAR{\gamma}$ expressions compared with the control and the unfermented lotus group. Conclusions: Fermented lotus extracts showed significant effects on inhibition of preadipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes showing correlation with insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism related with obesity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Samjunghwan (SJH) was fermented using five different probiotic bacterial strains (Lactobacillus plantarum, Enterococcus faecium, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus acidophilus or Bifidobacterium longum) separately. We examined the inhibition of preadipocyte differentiation through Oil Red O staining and analyzed the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ${\alpha}$ ($C/EPB{\alpha}$), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$), uncoupling protein (UCP)-2, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase which are adipogenic transcription factors. Both Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium-fermented SJH reduced Oil Red O dye staining compared with the same dose of non-fermented SJH. Only Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented SJH inhibited all adipogenic transcription factors and showed the best down-regulation of $PPAR{\gamma}$, UCP-2, and HMG-CoA reductase compared with the same dose of non-fermented SJH. The effect of SJH on the inhibition of preadipocyte differentiation was more prominent from the fermented SJH. Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented SJH, in particular, blocks the expression of $PPAR{\gamma}$, UCP-2, HMG-CoA reductase.