• Title/Summary/Keyword: Duration of visit

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Analysis of Factors Affecting Nontherapeutic INRs in Korean Outpatients with Mechanical Heart Valves (인공심장판막 치환환자의 치료범위를 벗어난 INR 원인분석)

  • Lee Ju Yeun;Jeong Young Mi;Lee Myung Koo;Kim Ki-bong;Ahn Hyuk;Lee Byung Koo
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.38 no.11 s.256
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    • pp.746-760
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    • 2005
  • Background: Following the implantation of heart valve prostheses, it is important to maintain therapeutic INR to reduce the risk of thromboembolism. The objectives of this study were to determine the causes of nontherapeutic INRs, and to identify the factors associated with nonadherences to warfarin therapy in Korean outpatients with prosthetic heart valves managed by a pharmacist-run anticoagulation service (ACS). Material and Method: A retrospective chart review was completed for all patients enrolled in the ACS at Seoul National University Hospital from March, 1997b to September, 2000. The data on 868 patients (5,304 visits) who were at least 6 months post-valve replacement were included. All possible causes of nontherapeutic INRs were documented for each patient visit. The association of covariates to noncompliance was investigated by univariate analysis. Result: The reasons for nontherapeutic INRs were identified as follows: inadequate dosage adjustment $(21\%)$, nonadherences to dosing regimen $(13\%)$, drug/herbal interactions $(12\%)$, changes in diet $(7\%)$, and indeterminate cause $(42\%)$. Younger age, shorter duration of ACS and longer duration of warfarin therapy were associated with nonadherence. Conclusion: In this study, nonadherence and interactions between diet and medications were found to be important factors influencing nontherapeutic INRs. Longer duration of enrollment in the ACS affected the adherence to warfarin therapy Positively whereas younger age and longer duration of warfarin therapy affected negatively.

The effects of age and gender (bull vs steer) on the feeding behavior of young beef cattle fed grass silage

  • Puzio, Natalia;Purwin, Cezary;Nogalski, Zenon;Bialobrzewski, Ireneusz;Tomczyk, Lukasz;Michalski, Jacek P.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.32 no.8
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    • pp.1211-1218
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    • 2019
  • Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of age and gender (bull vs steer) on feeding behavior parameters in young beef cattle fed grass silage. Methods: The study was conducted on 180 young beef cattle at 7 to 18 mo of age. The experimental materials comprised 90 bulls produced by commercial crossing of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows with Charolais, Limousin and Hereford bulls (30 animals of each breed) and 90 steers of the same genotypes. The animals had ad libitum access to grass silage; the concentrate was fed separately, in feed stations. They received 28 g dry matter of concentrate per kg of metabolic body weight per day. Bunk visit data and silage intake for all experimental animals were recorded individually using the Roughage Intake Control system (5 feed bunks per 15 animals). Results: Age and gender (bull vs steer) exerted significant effects on the feeding behavior of young beef cattle. The frequency of bunk visits and meal frequency decreased, whereas the feeding rate of silage, and the average duration and size of a single meal increased with age (p<0.01). Bunk attendance and meal frequency were higher (p<0.01) in steers than in bulls (49.1 vs 37.4 visits/d, and 8.63 vs 7.99 meals/d, respectively). Daily feeding time was longer in steers than in bulls (102.3 vs 100.3 min/d, respectively), but the feeding rate of silage was lower in steers, and their meals were smaller in size and shorter in duration (p<0.01). Daily silage dry matter intake was higher (p<0.01) in bulls than in steers (4.62 vs 4.47 kg/d, respectively). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that age and gender (bull vs steer) exerted significant effects on the feeding behavior of young beef cattle.

Incidence and Predictors of Cataract among People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Using Secondary Data Analysis from the Ansan Cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study

  • Jeong, Ihn Sook;Lee, Eun Joo;Kim, Myo Sung;Yu, Jung Ok;Yun, Hae Sun;Jeong, Jeong Hee;Hwang, Youn Sun
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.52 no.1
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    • pp.24-35
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: This study investigated the incidence and risk factors of cataract in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) using data from Ansan cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Methods: Data from a total of 329 patients with type 2 DM without cataract who participated in Ansan cohort of the KoGES from baseline survey (2001-2002) to fifth follow-up visit (2011-2012) were examined. The characteristics of the subjects were analyzed with frequency and percentage, and mean and standard deviation. Cataract incidence was measured as incidence proportion (%). For risk factors of cataract, hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained using the Cox proportional hazard model. Results: The cataract incidence over a 10-year follow-up period was 19.1% (15.1 in males and 25.8 in females), and mean age at the incidence of cataract was 63.48 years (61.58 years in males and 65.31 years in females). Age (HR=1.09, 95% CI=1.05-1.13) and HbA1c (HR=1.21, 95% CI=1.07-1.37) or the duration of DM (HR=1.05, 95% CI=1.00-1.09) were found to be independently associated with cataract development. Conclusion: Cataract development in people with DM is common, and its likelihood increases with age, HbA1c, and the duration of DM. Considering negative effect of cataract on their quality of life and economic burden, nurses should identify people with DM at a higher risk of cataract development, and plan individual eye examination programs to detect cataract development as early as possible.

The Patterns of Filgrastim Uses in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy (항암화학요법을 받은 유방암환자에서의 Filgrastim사용 현황)

  • Jung, Hye Jin;Shin, Wan Gyoon;Kim, Young Joo
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.59-66
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    • 2003
  • Filgrastim is used as an indispensable adjuvant drug to reduce the degree and duration of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. The purpose of this research is to study the use of filgrastim by reviewing retrospective medical records of breast cancer patients who have been treated by filgtastim in the National Cancer Center. 84 patients have received 323 cycles of chemotherapy, of which 134 cycles were treated by filgrastim $(41.5\%)$. Among those 134 cycles, 34 were for prophylaxis $(21.6\%)$, and 100 for treatment of neutropenia $(74.6\%)$. The frequence of filgrastim usage was more than $50\%$ in frequency with regimens containing docetaxel. For prophylaxis, the median of filgrastim initiation was measured on the day of chemotherapy (-3rd-13th). For the treatment, on the other hand, the median appeared on the 9th day (4th-2lst) after chemotherapy, which showed very wide distribution. Time to filgrastim initiation ranged between the 7th and the 9th day after chemotherapy in docetaxel+doxorubicin combination regimen and docetaxel single regimen, whereas it showed after the 10th day in doxorubicin+cyclophosphamide combination regimens. For the treatment, 48 out of 61 patients $(73.8\%)$ in 63 cycles have experienced fever, had to visit the emergency room, required hospitalization, caused infection, transfusion, dosage reduction and schedule changes in spite of using filgrastim with chemotherapy. For prophylaxis, 11 out of 19 patients $(17.9\%)$ in 11 cycles have experienced the same results. In conclusion, the guideline of time to the initiation and the last is required for cost-effective administration of filgrastim because of the difference occurring ANC nadir, the severity and duration of neutropenia by chemotherapy regimens.

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Benign and Malignant Tumors Detected in the Patients with Intractable Chest Pain -2 case reports- (난치성 흉통 환자에서 발견된 양성 및 악성 종양 -증례 보고-)

  • Kwon, Min Ah;Park, Jeong Heon;Yoo, Rea Geun;Kim, Tae Hyung;Sim, Woo Seog
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.255-258
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    • 2005
  • Many patients with intractable chest pain visit pain clinics, two of which, with rare cases of an intraspinal tumor and malignant mesothelioma were experiences at our clinic. A 37-year old female patient presented with exacerbating chest pain, but without neurological manifestations, of 15-months duration. Her laboratory findings, such as blood tests, chest X-ray, EKG, abdominal ultrasonography and chest CT, were normal. MRI revealed an intradural extramedullary schwannoma at the T 5 and 6 levels of the thoracic spine. She completely recovered following a laminectomy, with removal of the tumor. The other case was a 65-year old male patient, who presented with chest and back pain in the thoracic area of 6 months duration. He had no cough and dyspnea, and was initially misdiagnosed with intercostal neuralgia; therefore, pain control medication was administered, but all trials were ineffective. Finally, chest CT revealed a malignant mesothelioma, with multiple spine metastases. In conclusion, patients with intractable chest pain should be re-examined both clinically and radiographically.

Clinical Studies on 5 Cases of Acute Viral Hepatitis A Treated by Oriental Medicine (급성 바이러스성 A형 간염의 한방치료 5례에 관한 임상보고)

  • Ie, Jae-Eun;Heo, Su-Jung;Kim, Hyun-Jin;Cho, Hyun-Ju;Kim, Hyuck
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.1480-1485
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    • 2009
  • We conducted this study to report the clinical manifestations of 5 acute viral hepatitis type A treated by oriental medical treatment. Five hepatitis A patients who visited OO oriental hospital from May 2008 to July 2009 were treated by oriental medical treatment, including herbal acupuncture, acupuncture and herbal medicine and western medical treatment, including fluid therapy and peroral medicine. Prodromes were similar to influenza and duration from symptom onset to first visit were $5.0\;{\pm}\;1.6$ days. Chief symptoms included jaundice, itching, dark urine, anorexia, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort. The mean values of the initial laboratory test were serum total bilirubin(TB) of $3.62\;{\pm}\;2.77\;mg/dL$, aspartate aminotransferase(AST) of $729\;{\pm}\;422\;IU/L$, alanine aminotransferase(ALT) $774\;{\pm}\;754\;IU/L$. The peak mean values of those were $6.30\;{\pm}\;2.13\;mg/dL$, $2177\;{\pm}\;2573\;IU/L$, $2238\;{\pm}\;1682\;IU/L$ respectively. The mean duration of hospitalization were $15\;{\pm}\;3$ days. Follow-up at 3 weeks after discharge showed that all patients recovered without complications. Treatment of oriental medicine has effectiveness on acute viral hepatitis type A. Further study is needed.

Personalized Exhibition Booth Recommendation Methodology Using Sequential Association Rule (순차 연관 규칙을 이용한 개인화된 전시 부스 추천 방법)

  • Moon, Hyun-Sil;Jung, Min-Kyu;Kim, Jae-Kyeong;Kim, Hyea-Kyeong
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.195-211
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    • 2010
  • An exhibition is defined as market events for specific duration to present exhibitors' main product range to either business or private visitors, and it also plays a key role as effective marketing channels. Especially, as the effect of the opinions of the visitors after the exhibition impacts directly on sales or the image of companies, exhibition organizers must consider various needs of visitors. To meet needs of visitors, ubiquitous technologies have been applied in some exhibitions. However, despite of the development of the ubiquitous technologies, their services cannot always reflect visitors' preferences as they only generate information when visitors request. As a result, they have reached their limit to meet needs of visitors, which consequently might lead them to loss of marketing opportunity. Recommendation systems can be the right type to overcome these limitations. They can recommend the booths to coincide with visitors' preferences, so that they help visitors who are in difficulty for choices in exhibition environment. One of the most successful and widely used technologies for building recommender systems is called Collaborative Filtering. Traditional recommender systems, however, only use neighbors' evaluations or behaviors for a personalized prediction. Therefore, they can not reflect visitors' dynamic preference, and also lack of accuracy in exhibition environment. Although there is much useful information to infer visitors' preference in ubiquitous environment (e.g., visitors' current location, booth visit path, and so on), they use only limited information for recommendation. In this study, we propose a booth recommendation methodology using Sequential Association Rule which considers the sequence of visiting. Recent studies of Sequential Association Rule use the constraints to improve the performance. However, since traditional Sequential Association Rule considers the whole rules to recommendation, they have a scalability problem when they are adapted to a large exhibition scale. To solve this problem, our methodology composes the confidence database before recommendation process. To compose the confidence database, we first search preceding rules which have the frequency above threshold. Next, we compute the confidences of each preceding rules to each booth which is not contained in preceding rules. Therefore, the confidence database has two kinds of information which are preceding rules and their confidence to each booth. In recommendation process, we just generate preceding rules of the target visitors based on the records of the visits, and recommend booths according to the confidence database. Throughout these steps, we expect reduction of time spent on recommendation process. To evaluate proposed methodology, we use real booth visit records which are collected by RFID technology in IT exhibition. Booth visit records also contain the visit sequence of each visitor. We compare the performance of proposed methodology with traditional Collaborative Filtering system. As a result, our proposed methodology generally shows higher performance than traditional Collaborative Filtering. We can also see some features of it in experimental results. First, it shows the highest performance at one booth recommendation. It detects preceding rules with some portions of visitors. Therefore, if there is a visitor who moved with very a different pattern compared to the whole visitors, it cannot give a correct recommendation for him/her even though we increase the number of recommendation. Trained by the whole visitors, it cannot correctly give recommendation to visitors who have a unique path. Second, the performance of general recommendation systems increase as time expands. However, our methodology shows higher performance with limited information like one or two time periods. Therefore, not only can it recommend even if there is not much information of the target visitors' booth visit records, but also it uses only small amount of information in recommendation process. We expect that it can give real?time recommendations in exhibition environment. Overall, our methodology shows higher performance ability than traditional Collaborative Filtering systems, we expect it could be applied in booth recommendation system to satisfy visitors in exhibition environment.

Efects of Breastfeeding Education Program on the Promotion of Mother's Feeding Compliance (모유수유 강화교육 프로그램이 산모의 모유수유 실천에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Eun-Sook;Suh, Young-Sook
    • Women's Health Nursing
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.68-87
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    • 1996
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of breast-feeding education program on the promotion of mothers's feeding compliance during the 4 months after childbirth. A nonequivalent control group posttest design was used. Eighty-nine pregnant women at their 32 more weeks of gestation receiving antenatal care at the Chonnam University Hospital Obstetrics Clinic were assigned to the experimental group. Control group was ninety-nine pregnant women over 32wks of gestation receiving antenatal care at the Kwangju Christianity Hospital Obstetric Clinic during the same period. Breast-feeding education program was introduced to the experimental group from antepartal visit to 4 months after childbirth. Data were collected primarily via telephone interview on the 7th day, the end of 1 month and the 4 months after childbirth respectively. The results showed that 1) the frequency of breast-feeding continuation promoting behaviors was higher in the experimental group than in the control group. 2) The rates of mothers' compliance during the 4 months after childbirth in the experimental group demonstrated a significant difference ; much higher rate of mothers' compliance than control group. Conclusively, the breast-feeding education program increase the rate of mothers' compliance and duration of breast-feeding.

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Down the Rabbit Hole-Considerations for Ingested Foreign Bodies

  • Brown, Jerry;Kidder, Molly;Fabbrini, Abigail;deVries, Jonathan;Robertson, Jason;Chandler, Nicole;Wilsey, Michael
    • Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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    • v.22 no.6
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    • pp.619-623
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    • 2019
  • We report the case of a seven-year-old boy with an ingested foreign body, which was retained within the appendix for a known duration of ten months, ultimately requiring appendectomy. The ingested foreign body was incidentally discovered by abdominal x-ray at an emergency room visit for constipation. Despite four bowel cleanouts, subsequent x-rays showed persistence of the foreign body in the right lower quadrant. While the patient did not have signs or symptoms of acute appendicitis, laparoscopic appendectomy was performed due to the risk of this foreign body causing appendicitis in the future. A small metallic object was found within the appendix upon removal. This case highlights the unique challenge presented by foreign body ingestions in non-verbal or developmentally challenged children and the importance of further diagnostic workup when concerns arise for potential retained foreign bodies.

Helplessness and Health Behavior of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (류마티스 관절염 환자의 무기력과 건강행위에 관한 연구)

  • Han, Jung-Won;Park, In-Hyae
    • Journal of muscle and joint health
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.33-40
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    • 2008
  • Purpose: This study was to find out the relationships between helplessness and health behavior of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Method: The subjects were 293 rheumatoid arthritis patients who visit 2 rheumatology outpatient clinics in G city. Data were collected by questionnaires including Arthritis helplessness index(Nicassio, Wallston, Callahan, Herbert, & Pincus, 1985)and health behavior assessment scale(Jo, Oh & Choe, 2000). The data were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. Results: The majority of the subjects were women and the mean age was 50.4years. The mean duration of illness was 8.9years. There were negative correlations between the degree of helplessness and the degree of health behavior. The degree of helplessness was significantly high in those who were older, female, less educated, out of workforce, and those who had no chances to attend any arthritis-related classes. The degree of health behavior was significantly low in those who were older, high school graduate, in higher economic status, married, and those who had chances to attend arthritis-related classes. Conclusion: To reduce the helplessness of rheumatoid arthritis patients, the nursing intervention which is to increase the health behavior should be developed and provided to the rheumatoid arthritis patients.

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