• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.138-143
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• 2011

소방조직의 근무체제를 분업체제로 할 것인지 멀티체제로 할 것인지에 대한 선택을 하기 위해서는 소방업무에 대한 분석이 선행되어야 한다. 이 분석에서 제일 중요한 것이 업무의 전문성 평가인데, 이것은 업무를 숙련시키는데 소요되는 시간으로 계량화할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 소방조직에서 수행되고 있는 업무 중에 범용업무를 모두 익히는데 소요되는 시간을 설문을 통해 추산하였다. 신임소방사가 범용업무를 숙련시키는데 소요되는 기간은 12년 5월로서 평균적으로 소방장 1년 9월차에 해당되는 것으로 추산되었다.

• 인지과학
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.259-276
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• 2014

마르셀 뒤샹이나 지아코모 발라와 같은 미래파 화가들은 물체가 움직이는 순간 순간의 정지 이미지를 캔버스에 중첩해서 운동감을 표현하려고 했다. 본 연구진은 선행 연구에서 이렇듯 운동성이 내포된 추상 미술작품들에 대한 사전 경험이 뇌의 운동 지각 영역의 반응에 영향을 미친다는 것을 보고한 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 선행 연구에서 관찰된 사전 경험에 따른 차별적인 뇌 운동 지각 영역의 활성화가 안구 운동 패턴의 차별성에 기인하는지 살펴보았다. 사전 경험은 미술 전공 여부로 조작하였다. 또한 전문성 이외에도 움직임 내포에 관한 화가의 의도 자각 여부에 따라 관찰자의 안구 운동 패턴에 차이가 나타나는지 검증해보고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 미술 전공 여부에 따라 추상화 지각시 그림 전체에 대한 시선고정 횟수나 시간 등에 차별적인 경향이 나타났다. 화가의 표현 의도에 대한 자각은 이러한 전반적인 차이와 관련이 없었다. 반면, 운동성의 내포라는 화가의 표현 의도의 자각은 추상화 중 운동성이 표현된 특정 위치에 대한 안구운동과 연관성을 보였다. 즉, 표현의도를 자각한 관찰자들은 그렇지 못한 관찰자들에 비해 추상화 중 움직임과 연관된 신체 부위가 표현된 위치에 좀 더 집중하는 경향을 나타냈으며, 화폭에 표현된 물체의 움직임 방향과 합치하는 방향의 안구 운동을 더 많이 보였다. 미술 전공 여부는 움직임 표현 위치에 특정적인 안구 운동과 무관하였다. 이러한 결과는 미술 전문성 및 화가의 의도 자각 여부가 관찰자들이 움직임이 함축된 추상화를 지각하는 방식에 차별적으로 관여함을 시사한다. 즉, 전문성은 그림에 대한 전반적인 지각 방식에, 내포된 움직임에 대한 자각은 그 정보에 특정적인 공간에 대한 지각방식에 관여할 가능성을 제안한다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.393-402
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• 2020

Objectives: Here, we present cases of mandibular fracture that were managed with the cortical lag screw fixation technique (CLSFT) in order to critically evaluate technique indications and limitations of application at various fracture sites. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. The study sample was composed of patients suffering from mandibular fractures that were treated by the CLSFT. The outcome variables were fracture type, duration of surgery, number of screws, and pattern of application. Other study categories included patient demographics and causes of injury. Chi-square tests were used to assess descriptive and inferential statistical differences, and the P-value was set at 0.05. Results: Thirty-three patients were included in the study sample, with a mean age of 30.9±11.5 years and a male predominance of 81.8%. The technique was applied more frequently in the anterior mandibular region (51.5%) than in other sites. Double CLSFT screws were required at the symphysis and parasymphysis, while single screws were used for body and angle regions. No intraoperative and postoperative variables were significantly different except for surgical duration, which was significantly different between the sites studied (P=0.035). Conclusion: We found that CLSFT is a rapid, cost-effective technique for the fixation of mandibular fractures yielding good treatment results and very limited complications. However, this technique is sensitive and requires surgical expertise to be applied to mandibular fractures that have specialized characteristics.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.492-505
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• 2001

Purpose: This study aims to find the sources of nurses' conflicts and to find ways to eliminate them for improved nursing care. Method: This study is based on a phenomenological approach. All participants were woking at K-hospital, located in Seoul. The research was performed from September 2000 to February 2001. Data was collected through interviews and observations while participants were working. Interviews lasted a duration of one and half hours and data collection accured five to six times per participant. The data were analysed by Giorgi method and the results are as follows: Result: Essential themes in the professional conflict of clinical nurses emerged (1) The discords of human relationships ; (2) Dissatisfaction with working conditions ; (3) Lack of self-respect in one's professional expertise ; (4) Dissatisfaction with one's work ; (5) Depression accurring due to one's ability as a professional. Conclusion: The foregoing arguments suggest that nurses perform stressful environments in a hospital originating from the relationship among peer group, working conditions, and lack of self-respect as a nurses. Therefore, hospital authorities should strangly consider working conditions, interpersonal relationships, and working conditions in order to promote self-respect of the nurses hospitals.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 1994년도 교수 연수회(역학)
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• pp.206-233
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• 1994

The Medical Research Council has for some years encouraged collaborative clinical trials in leukaemia and other cancers, reporting the results in the medical literature. One unreported result which deserves such publication is the development of the expertise to design and analyse such trials. This report was prepared by a group of British and American statisticians, but it is intended for people without any statistical expertise. Part!, which appears in this issue, discusses the design of such trials; Part II, which will appear separately in the January 1977 issue of the Journal, gives full instructions for the statistical analysis of such trials by means of life tables and the logrank test, including a worked example, and discusses the interpretation of trial results, including brief reports of particular trials. Both parts of this report are relevant to all clinical trials which study time to death, and would be equally relevant to clinical trials which study time to other particular classes of untoward event: first stroke, perhaps, or first relapse, metastasis, disease recurrence, thrombosis, transplant rejection, or death from a particular cause. Part I, in this issue, collects together ideas that have mostly already appeared in the medical literature, but Part II, next month, is the first simple account yet published for non-statistical physicians of how to analyse efficiently data from clinical trials of survival duration. Such trials include the majority of all clinical trials of cancer therapy; in cancer trials, however, it may be preferable to use these statistical methods to study time to local recurrence of tumour, or to study time to detectable metastatic spread, in addition to studying total survival. Solid tumours can be staged at diagnosis; if this, or any other available information in some other disease is an important determinant of outcome, it can be used to make the overall logrank test for the whole heterogeneous trial population more sensitive, and more intuitively satisfactory, for it will then only be necessary to compare like with like, and not, by chance, Stage I with Stage III.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.143-163
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• 1997

도시고속도로의 원활한 운영을 위해서는 신속하고 정확한 교통사고관리체계가 요구된다. 교통사고의 동적인 특질과 이에 관련된 불확실성은 교통사고 운영자(관리자) 판단에 의한 해결을 필요로 하고 있다. 퍼지시스템은 인간의 전문가적 의견에 적응시키려는 시도와 운영자의 결정을 내리는 능력을 반복적으로 할 수 있도록 설계된다. 퍼지시스템은 복합적인 교통정보를 처리하고, 그 정보를 단순화하여 이해할 수 있는 형태로 교통운영자에게 전달한다. 이 논문에서 퍼지규칙들은 미국 Los Angeles에 있는 Santa Monica 고속도로의 실제 교통사고로부터 조사된 자료에 근거하여 개발되었다. 이러한 퍼지규칙들은 언어학에 기초를 두었기 때문에 사용자가 편리하게 이용할 수 있다. 언어학적 모형에 의한 사고존속시간과 실제 사고존속시간 조건을 비교한 결과 서로 신뢰할 수 있는 일치를 보았다. 이 모형은 고속도로 교통사고 존속시간을 거의 확실하게 예측(예보)하는 것을 가능하게 한다. 이는 고속도로 응답시스템 및 급파(급송)체계 개발에도 적용이 가능할 것이다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 5th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.80-86
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• 2013

Knotworking represents a distributed collaborative expertise in pursuit of a task that is organized among designers from different design disciplines. Construction processes involve phases and tasks that cannot be solved in one organization only, as integration of expert knowledge from various sources is needed. Through knotworking, groups of people, tasks and tools are set to work intensively for a short period of time to solve a problem or accomplish a task. Knotworking requires intensive collaboration across organizational boundaries and hierarchies. The practice of knotworking has been developed and applied in the development of healthcare organizations, libraries and school-university relationships, but it has not previously been applied in the construction industry. In this paper, we describe the concept of knotworking and the findings of a case study that we completed in the Finnish construction industry. We will also compare the similarities and differences of the Big Room and knotworking in terms of participants, duration, target, space/infrastructure, benefits and challenges. Finally, we present some suggestions for further research and experimentation on knotworking in construction projects.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권14호
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• pp.5611-5615
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• 2014

Context: Tobacco is the single largest cause of preventable death among adults globally, as it is in India. Despite this alarming situation, there is very minimal inclusion of tobacco in formal education systems, including the medical discipline, in India. Aims: The present study analyzed the extent of integration of tobacco control related content in Masters of Public Health (MPH) curricula of various institutes in India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during January 2011 to May 2011 in all colleges of the country offering a MPH course. The colleges were enlisted using various internet search engines (Google Scholar, Pubmed, Medline), other published literature and snowball technique. A 50 items semi-structured questionnaire was designed, posted and e-mailed (followed by hard copy) to the Person-In-Charge of the MPH program. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics were used to profile the tobacco control content in respective institutions. All data entry and analysis was conducted using SPSS (version 16) for windows. Results: The duration of the MPH course was two years in all institutes and had accreditation with some affiliated body. Tobacco related diseases were covered under 'non communicable diseases' section by every institute. However, a mere 41.4% of institute's had faculty who had received specialized training in tobacco control. More coverage was given to health risks and effects of smoking as compared to cessation interventions (5 A's), symptoms of withdrawal and pharmacological treatments. Only 25% of institutes were in process of introducing tobacco courses into their curricula. Lack of expertise and administrative barriers were cited as perceived major problems in inclusion of tobacco control in MPH curricula. Conclusions: It can be concluded that tobacco control is not receiving adequate attention in public health curricula in India. There is a need for coordinated efforts in the area of tobacco control so as to reduce morbidity and mortality from tobacco induced diseases.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.68-77
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to explore home visiting therapists' self-perceived role, problems, and supplement points of the home-based rehabilitation (HR) program based on the community-based rehabilitation (CBR) model. Methods: Four home visiting physical therapists, who conducted the HR program, participated in this study. After completion of the HR program, in-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire for participants to explore their self-perceived role, problems, and supplement points of the HR program. Results: Participants regarded the role of the HR program as for "the linkage between recipient & society", "maintenance & improvement of recipients' physical function", and "education of recipient about the way of self rehabilitation". The problems and supplement points were derived from all phases of the HR program, including "human & material resources", "training program for human resources for HR service", "selection of recipient of HR service", "contents of the intervention for HR service", and "duration of HR service". Conclusion: These findings indicate that participants well recognized the intention of the HR program based on the CBR model, and suggest that high-quality human resources with rich expertise and experiences, a training program for HR service led by experts, and selection of recipients led by experts are necessary for an effective HR program. In addition, strategies and capacities specified to HR service should be identified, and applied to the training program for human resources for HR service. The results of this study could provide useful information when the government decides on the next guideline for home visiting health service.

• 한국간담췌외과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.271-276
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• 2023

Backgrounds/Aims: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy within one week of acute cholecystitis is considered safe and advantageous. Surgery beyond first week is reserved for non-resolving attack or complications. To compare clinical outcomes of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the first week and between two to six weeks of an attack of acute cholecystitis. Methods: In an analysis of a prospectively maintained database, all patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis were divided into two groups: group A, operated within one week; and group B, operated between two to six weeks of an attack. Main variables studied were mean operative time, conversion to open cholecystectomy, morbidity profile, and duration of hospital stay. Results: A total of 116 patients (74 in group A and 42 in group B) were included. Mean interval between onset of symptoms & surgery was five days (range, 1-7 days) in group A and 12 days (range, 8-20 days) in group B. Operative time and incidence of subtotal cholecystectomy were higher in group B (statistically not significant). Mean postoperative stay was 2 days in group A and 3 days in group B. Laparoscopy was converted to open cholecystectomy in two patients in each group. There was no incidence of biliary injury. One patient in group B died during the postoperative period due to continued sepsis and multiorgan failure. Conclusions: In tertiary care setting, with adequate surgical expertise, laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be safely performed in patients with acute cholecystitis irrespective of the time of presentation.