• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.209-223
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• 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant changes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on patients with chronic pain. Methods: Patients with chronic pain from 23 university hospitals in South Korea participated in this study. The anonymous survey questionnaire consisted of 25 questions regarding the following: demographic data, diagnosis, hospital visit frequency, exercise duration, time outside, sleep duration, weight change, nervousness and anxiety, depression, interest or pleasure, fatigue, daily life difficulties, and self-harm thoughts. Depression severity was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between increased pain and patient factors. Results: A total of 914 patients completed the survey, 35.9% of whom had decreased their number of visits to the hospital, mostly due to COVID-19. The pain level of 200 patients has worsened since the COVID-19 outbreak, which was more prominent in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Noticeable post-COVID-19 changes such as exercise duration, time spent outside, sleep patterns, mood, and weight affected patients with chronic pain. Depression severity was more significant in patients with CRPS. The total PHQ-9 average score of patients with CRPS was 15.5, corresponding to major depressive orders. The patients' decreased exercise duration, decreased sleep duration, and increased depression were significantly associated with increased pain. Conclusions: COVID-19 has caused several changes in patients with chronic pain. During the pandemic, decreased exercise and sleep duration and increased depression were associated with patients' increasing pain.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2018

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychopathological features such as depression and anxiety in schizophrenics with obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) as well as the severity of OCS according to duration of schizophrenia. Methods We randomly selected sixty four inpatients with schizophrenia. We classified the patients into two groups (OCS group, non-OCS group) according to the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Clinical and demographic features were evaluated. To assess OCS, Y-BOCS were performed. The Korean version of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(K-PANSS), the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Korean version of the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (K-CDSS), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) were conducted. Independent t-test and chi-square test were conducted to compare the two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the duration of schizophrenia and the Y-BOCS score. Results The Y-BOCS, K-CDSS, and BAI scores were higher in the OCS group. There was a significant correlation between the duration of schizophrenia and the Y-BOCS score. Conclusions Anxiety and depression symptoms were severe in the OCS group. In addition, the results of this study indicate that the longer duration of schizophrenia, the more severe the OCS. Therefore, the evaluation of OCS in schizophrenics should be accompanied by treatment intervention.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.420-428
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• 2015

Purpose: Purpose was to explore associations between sleep duration and metabolic syndrome (MS) risks, and to determine factors associated with self-rated health (SRH) of adults with MS compared to other adults. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis based on the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey KNHANES V (N=12662). Study instruments included sleep duration, MS risk factors, SRH and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Results: Mean age of participants was $43.68{\pm}12.26years$. Fifty-eight percent were women, and 18.3% were identified as having MS. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and SRH were significantly different according to sleep duration (p <.05) among all participants. In the non MS group, male gender, younger age (19~30 and 41~50 age brackets) upper income level, sufficient sleep duration, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were positively associated with SRH, whereas, lower education levels (${\leq}$ middle school), glucose level, and waist circumference were negatively associated with SRH (p <.05). In the MS group, lower income, lower education levels (${\leq}$ middle school), glucose level, and waist circumference were negatively associated with SRH, whereas, having an occupation was positively associated with SRH (p <.05). Conclusion: Results suggest that tailored approaches are required for prevention and control of MS and sleep duration of each individual should be considered rather than applying standardized guidelines. However, as sleep quality was not included in the analysis, further investigations regarding influence of sleep quality on MS and SRH and controlling for other lifestyle and health behavior factors are required.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.339-352
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• 2014

This paper discusses the appropriate duration for basic gust wind speeds in wind loading codes and standards, and in wind engineering generally. Although various proposed definitions are discussed, the 'moving average' gust duration has been widely accepted internationally. The commonly-specified gust duration of 3-seconds, however, is shown to have a significant effect on the high-frequency end of the spectrum of turbulence, and may not be ideally suited for wind engineering purposes. The effective gust durations measured by commonly-used anemometer types are discussed; these are typically considerably shorter than the 'standard' duration of 3 seconds. Using stationary random process theory, the paper gives expected peak factors, $g_u$, as a function of the non-dimensional parameter ($T/{\tau}$), where T is the sample, or reference, time, and ${\tau}$ is the gust duration, and a non-dimensional mean wind speed, $\bar{U}.T/L_u$, where $\bar{U}$ is a mean wind speed, and $L_u$ is the integral length scale of turbulence. The commonly-used Durst relationship, relating gusts of various durations, is shown to correspond to a particular value of turbulence intensity $I_u$, of 16.5%, and is therefore applicable to particular terrain and height situations, and hence should not be applied universally. The effective frontal areas associated with peak gusts of various durations are discussed; this indicates that a gust of 3 seconds has an equivalent frontal area equal to that of a tall building. Finally a generalized gust response factor format, accounting for fluctuating and resonant along-wind loading of structures, applicable to any code is presented.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.70-77
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• 2008

목적 : 요로감염은 소아 발열의 흔한 원인이며 합병증으로 초래되는 신 반흔은 고혈압이나 만성신부전으로 진행할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 요로감염에 의한 발열지속기간이 신 반흔이나 방광요관역류 등 위험요소에 영향을 미치는지 알고자 하였다. 방법 : 2002년 3월부터 2007년 3월까지 소아 청소년과에 입원한 15세 미만 초진환자 중 1) 발열을 주소로 하고 2) 입원 전 발열 기간 및 항생제 사용의 정확한 병력을 알 수 있으며 3) 요로감염으로 처음 진단된 환아 143명을 대상으로 항생제 사용 전, 후 발열 지속기간에 따라 초기 신 결손 및 6개월 후 신 반흔 여부, CRP, 말초 혈액 백혈구, 방광요관역류 유무 등에 차이가 있는지 알아보았다. 결과 : 1) 항생제 사용 후 발열 지속기간이 길수록(P=0.014) 초기 신 결손은 증가하였다. 그러나 항생제 사용 전 발열기간은 상관이 없었다. 2) 항생제 사용 전(P=0.006)과 후(P=0.015)의 발열 지속기간이 길수록 신 반흔 발생은 증가하였다. 3) 항생제 사용 후 발열 지속기간이 길수록 CRP도 높았다(r=0.287, P=0.003). 4) 말초 혈액 백혈구 수 및 방광요관역류 및 등급은 항생제 사용 전, 후 발열 지속기간에 따라 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론 : 소아 요로 감염에서 항생제 사용 전과 후의 발열 기간이 길어질수록 신 반흔의 위험이 증가한다. 그러므로 지속적인 열을 동반한 요로 감염 환아는 보다 적극적인 치료와 관찰이 요구된다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.435-444
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• 2019

본 연구는 한국의 19세 이상 성인에게서 주중 및 주말 평균 수면시간에 따른 악력의 관련성을 파악하기 위하여 수행되었다. 2016 국민건강영양조사를 이용하여, 총 4,707명 성인을 대상으로 카이제곱 검정 및 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 주중 하루 평균 수면시간이 7시간인 군에 비해 9시간 이상인 군의 악력의 차이는 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았다. 주말 하루 평균 수면시간이 9시간 이상에서도 7시간 군보다 유의하게 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 50세 이상의 경우 주중 평균 하루 수면시간이 7시간 군에 비해 9시간 이상 군의 악력이 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았다. 본 연구에서는 수면시간이 길수록 악력이 감소되는 것과 50세 미만보다 50세 이상에서 악력 감소와 관련하여 더 강한 통계적 유의성을 관찰하였다. 근력의 감소는 개인의 질병을 예측할 수 있는 강력한 인자이며 악력은 이러한 근력을 측정할 수 있는 가장 단순한 지표로써 관련성에 대한 면밀한 후속연구가 필요함을 시사한다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.83-83
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate interpersonal support, tension in lifechanges & satisfaction. The selected sample is composed of 387 housewives in ChongJoo city. SAS pc program was used for the statistical analysis of the data. Data was analyzed by frequency, F-test, percentage, mean, Duncan's Multiple Range Test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Regression Analysis. Major findings as follows: 1)At wedding & funeral ceremony, kin networks of her parents & parents-in law side were variables to have influence on tension in life changes. And the number of social organization participated were a variable to have influence on the satisfaction. The age of couple, education of couple, duration of marriage, income, family lifecycle, the number of children, pattern of family were variables to influence tension in life changes, but were not variables to influence on the satisfaction. 2) At usual or wedding & funeral ceremony, kin networks of her parents side were variables to influence on instrumental & companionship support. And the number of friends was a variable to influence on companionship & informational support. The number of neighbors was a variable to influence on instrumental, companionship & informational support. The number of social organization participated was a variable to influence on companionship & emotional support. The age of couple, education of couple,income, duration of marriage, family life cycle, number of children, family size, family type were variables to influence on interpersonal support. 3)The relationship between tension and satisfaction in life changes was negative, and between instrumental support and satisfaction was negative also. But between companionship support and satisfaction was positive relationship and between tension of personal &social life and instrumental support was positive relationship. The relationship between tension of marriage life and companionship support was negative and between tension of family life and information support was negative relationships. The received companionship support was lower tension in life changes than not received it. But the received instrumental support was higher tension of personal & social life. The received companionship & informational support was higher satisfaction than not received them. But the received instrumental support was lower satisfaction than not received it. 4) Instrumental & companionship support, at usual kin network of her parents in taw side, at wedding & funeral ceremony kin network of her parents side,were variables to influence on tension in life changes. Instrumental, companionship& informational support, at wedding & funeral ceremony kin network of her parents side, were variables to influence on the satisfaction

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2022

This study examined the relationship between the number of forest fires and days with no rainfall based on the national forest fire statistics data of the Korea Forest Service and meteorological data from the Open MET Data Portal of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA; data.kma.go.kr) for the last 30 years (1991-2021). As for the trend in precipitation amount and non-rainfall days, the rainfall and the days with rainfall decreased in 2010 compared to those in 1990s. In terms of the number of forest fires that occurred in February-May accounted for 75% of the total number of forest fires, followed by 29% in April and 25% in March. In 2000s, the total number of forest fires was 5,226, indicating the highest forest fire activity. To analyze the relationship between regional distribution of non-rainfall periods (days) and number of forest fires, the non-rainfall period was categorized into five groups (0 days, 1-10 days, 11-20 days, 21-30 days, and 31 days or longer). During the spring fire danger season, the number of forest fires was the largest when the non-rainfall period was 11-20 days; during the autumn fire precaution period, the number of forest fires was the largest when the non-rainfall period was 1-10 days, 11-20 days, and 21-30 days, showing differences in the duration of forest fire occurrence by region. The 30-year trend indicated that large forest fires occurred only between February and May, and in terms of the relationship with the non-rainfall period groups, large fires occurred when the non-rainfall period was 1-10 days. This signifies that in spring season, the dry period continued throughout the country, indicating that even a short duration of consecutive non-rainfall days poses a high risk of large forest fires.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2012년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.11-12
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• 2012

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.465-480
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 다중회귀분석을 이용하여 산악효과를 야기하는 지형인자와 강수와의 관계를 파악하였다. 섬 전체가 산악지형인 제주도의 연평균강수량과 지수홍수법으로 산출한 확률강우량을 강수자료로 사용하여 산악효과를 야기하는 지형인자로 선정한 고도, 위 경도와 회귀모형을 구성하였다. 회귀분석 결과 연평균강수량과 고도와의 선형관계가 확률강우량에서도 동일하게 나타났으며, 고도이외에 위도, 경도를 각각 추가인자로 고려할 경우 강우량과 더욱 강한 상관성을 보였다. 또한, 고도와 위도, 경도를 모두 고려한 회귀모형을 이용한 지형공간분석 결과 제주도의 실제 강수특성과 마찬가지로 남동부로 편중된 강수형태를 보여 모형의 적합성을 증명하였다. 그러나 지속시간 및 재현기간과 무관하게 높은 고도에서 회귀식의 유효성이 감소하므로, 높은 고도에서의 추가적인 산악효과인자의 강수량에 대한 영향이 존재될 것으로 판단되므로 추후 연구가 필요하다.