• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.416-426
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• 2005

Intravenous sedation have many advantages of rapid onset and recovery, ability of control sedation levels and duration through titration. Midazolam is most commonly used intravenous medication for sedation in pediatrics, endoscopy, oncologic procedures and so on. But in dentistry, midazolam intravenous sedation is usually for adult, and there are few reports for children. Todays, children who need sedation become more and older, intravenous sedation technique is going a matter of concern in pediatric dentistry. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficacy of sedation and clinical success for different initial dosage of midazolam in intravenous sedation for pediatric dental patients. 16 healthy children (male 10, female 6), mean age $54.7{\pm}10.7$ months, who needed at least two separate treatment visits requiring local anesthesia were chosen for this study. Every children were taken 0.3mg/kg, maximum 5mg of midazolam by intramuscular route, and then 30~50% $N_2O-O_2$ for 10 minutes was given. On every visits, one of the following 2 different initial dosage was given by intravenous route : (1) Group I : 0.1mg/kg Midazolam (2) Group II : 0.2mg/kg Midazolam. Additional dosage was half of the first dose. Physiologic parameters (oxygen saturation, heart rate, respiratory rate, end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure) was recorded by ten procedure steps. Behavior was videotaped and rated using Ohio State University Behavioral Rating Scale and Automated Counting System by one investigator, blind to administered dosage. After the treatment, operator evaluated the clinical success. Physiologic parameters were stable and within normal range during treatment in both groups. The analyzed sedative effect, in behavioral evaluation, ratio of favorable Quiet was higher in group II, and clinical success rate of group II was better than group I. Induction time was rapid in group II, and recovery time was rapid in group I. And there was no statistically difference between two groups in every results.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1981.05a
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• pp.10-10
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• 1981

The thyroglossal duct cyst is relatively rare disease that derived congenitally from the remnant of thyroglossal duct and that was found anywhere from the foramen cecum to pyramidal lobe of thyroid. We studied the 62 cases of above disease who admitted and operated at E.N.T. dept. of N.M.C. for 20 years since 1961 to 1980 on the clinical and histopathological aspect, and we concluded following results. 1. In the age distribution, 45 cases(72.6%) were under 20 years, and in the age distribution of the known on-set of symptoms, 26 cases(58.0%) were under 10 years. In the duration, 23 cases(37.0%) were under 1 year. The sex ratio of male to female revealed 1.2:1. 2. The palpable mass were complained at 48 cases(77.4%) and 14 cases(22.6%) complained of the discharge from sinus tracts and the other complaints were dysphagia and odynophagia, etc. 3. In location 55 cases (88.7%) were at midline, 1 case(1.6%) was at right and 6 cases(9.7%) were left sided. And 47 cases(75.8%) were situated at infrahyoid region, 11 cases(17.7%) at suprahyoid, 3 cases(4.8%) at suprasternal, only 1 case(1.6%) at intralingual region. 4. In 27 cases formed fistulae, spontaneous occurrance were 7 cases and artificial occurrance were 20 cases. 5. In histopathologically among 41 cases preserving available slides, 5 cases(12.2%) had single duct and 20 cases(48.8%) had multiple accessory ducts, but 16 cases were impossible to detect the ducts. The lining epithelium composed of chiefly respiratory and squamous epithelium. 15 cases had inflammatory reaction at periductal area and 7 cases had around the cysts. The ectopic thyroid tissue was found on 6 cases(14.6%) and 1 case had the follicular adenoma. 6. In the recurrance rate among 43 cases performed sistrunk type operation, 2 cases (4.6%) recurred, and among 19 cases performed simple removal of cysts, 4 cases (21.1%) recurred.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 1976

This study was a part of large scale of a prospective study on attitudes of professional students in medicine, nursing and teaching toward population related issues in Korea. The study was first conducted in May 1974 and then in May 1975 for the 1974 class cohot using a questionaire consisted of attitude scales and other items developed by Lee. The purpose of stuay was twohold, namely, to determine the difference in students among specializations on one hand and between the first and second years in the 1974 class cohot regarding tile subject matter. A one-way analysis of variance was used for attitude scale, and absolute and relative frequency were computed for the analysis of non-attitude scale items by employing Fishers' Ratio and Duncan's multiple range test at 5% level and chi square test at 5% level as significance tests. The hypothesis 'students in health profession are more likely to have positive attitudes toward population related issues progressively as class year advances than students in teaching profession' was tested and the following results were obtained: 1) Nursing students were more likely to display favarable attitudes toward family planning than medical or teaching students although the class cohot showed slightly negative improvement in the second year. Medical and teaching students apperaed to have slightly improved attitudes in the second year. 2) Respondents in general perceived national family planning program as a means of population control and this tendency was more true among nursing students as the class year advances than two other professional groups of students. Students in teaching profession appeared to perceive it more as a means to improve individual family welfare while health students were likely to see as to improve maternal and child health. This tendency was progressively improved as the class year advanced. 3) The majority of students regardless of their respective specializations believed that family planning program should be directed toward the improvement of individual family welfare. No progressive changes in the class cohot were observed. 4) About the plan to use contraceptives in future, no singnificant differences were observes among different specializations nor in different class years. However, the majority was confirmed to have a plan to use contracepives in future. An increasing proportion of the undecided category was observed, as class year advanced among health students. 5) Students in health profession were found to be more favorable about 'more leisure opportunities' as motive for limiting number of children whereas education students indicated the reasons as 'facilitate ambitions' and 'economic base' The progressive changes toward positive direction in both groups were observed as the class years advanced. 6) Attitudes toward induced abortions of the health students were observed to be positively related to class years while an inverse relationship was found in teaching students who showed much less favor in the subject matter than health students. This phenomenon may be due to the different exposure to learning environments unique to respective specializations. 7) Health students were found to have more favorable attitudes toward population education in general than the teaching students. The teaching students appeared to have changed more to the negative direction when they became the second year while no such development was observed in health students. The teaching students seemed to hold a very conservative position with regard to sex education in schools. 8) About the equality of sexes, the nursing group was found to be most favorable while the reverse was true in the teaching group. A change in the negative direction as the class year advanced was found in the teaching group. 9) About questions related to fertility values-the 10 percent of respondents regardless of specialization indicated that they would maintain their single status in future, however no change was observed in the second year. The desired number of children was found to be two by the majority of students in nursing, medicine and teaching in order of high proportion. No changes in a different class year were observed. The childless marriage was seen by nursing students as a problem more than other students, but a slight change in positive direction was found when the nursing students became the second year. In summing, as data supported in the above, students in health profession demonstrated more favorable attitudes toward population related issues than the teaching students and this tendency became more apparent in the second year. It was noticed that health students were more conscious about the health aspect of population and family planning program while the teaching students gave more attention to the socioeconomic aspect. The sex variable seemed to have operated in the item related to the equality of sexes. In conclusion, as data presented in the above, the hypothesis of this study was accepted except in the few items. It should be noted that the limitation of this study is the short duration of the observation in measuring the possible attitude changes. It should include curriculum analysis for the respective specializations in order to indentify the area of curriculum impact on students in future study.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.28-37
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• 2016

Through the research and analysis on the hydrological environment and soil environment of habitats through documentary and field studies over 14 habitats of Euryale ferox Salisb. within Jeollabukdo, with the objective of acquiring the basic data for forming an environment based on plantation of reservoirs that are composed with Euryale ferox, the following results were obtained. As a result of analyzing the construction period of the habitats of Euryale ferox from a total of 14 places, the average period of duration after construction of all subject reservoirs appeared to be 71.8 years. Moreover, when examining the relationship between the age of reservoirs and eutrophication, it could be judged that at least the eutrophication of subsoil and water environment is not an obstacle to the growth of Euryale ferox grows in habitats that have a reservoir age of approximately 70 years or more. As a result of analyzing the gardening of soil sediment of the Euryale ferox habitats, the component ingredients appeared to be composed of 80.2% of clay, 16.7% of silt and 3.1% of sand, and the soil class pursuant to such was classified as 'heavy clay'. The organic matter contents of soil sediment appeared to be an average of 36g/kg, and there appeared to be no noticeable difference between the habitats and non-habitats of Euryale ferox. The water quality environment of Euryale ferox habitat appeared to be pH 6.5~7.9, concentration of dissolved oxygen to be $1.8{\sim}8.8mg/{\ell}$, concentration of COD to be $6.8{\sim}74mg/{\ell}$, floating materials to be $2.0{\sim}213mg/{\ell}$, total nitrogen to be $0.422{\sim}10.723mg/{\ell}$, and phosphate to be $0.003{\sim}0.126mg/{\ell}$. The average DO concentration of Aedang Reservoir at Jeongeup, Daejeong Reservoir at Imsil, and Myeongdeokji at Gimje with high vitality and green coverage ratio of Euryale ferox appeared to be $3.5mg/{\ell}$, total nitrogen to be $1.33mg/{\ell}$, and concentration of phosphorus-phosphate to be $0.061mg/{\ell}$. When comparing such with the entire average value, the DO and total nitrogen concentration appeared to be rather low, and the phosphorus-phosphate concentration appeared to be higher by two times or more, thus, an in-depth study on the correlation of the vitality of Euryale ferox Salisb. and concentration of phosphorate-phosphorus will be needed in the future.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.909-916
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• 2001

Background : Varicose vein is a very common vascular disease and has recently become a matter of concern for thoracic and cardiovascular surgens. Material and Method : We analyzed 209 cases or 269 feet with varicose vein retrospectively, which had been treated in our hospital from April 1999 to December 2000. Result : Male : Female ratio was 1:3(Male : 52 cases, Female : 157 cases), mean age was 42.2$\pm$9.7 years old, mean duration of varicosities was 12.2$\pm$9.7 years, and mean follow up was 14.8$\pm$6.1 months from July 2001. Most common symptom was leg pain(122 cases, 58.4%). Long standing job(44 cases), pregnancy(37 cases), and family history related to varicose vein came to 79.9% as the major predisposing or precipitating factors. Anatomic classifications of main lesion were GSV (greater saphenous vein,126 cases), LSV(lesser saphenous vein,18 cases), and reticular veins and telangiectasias(65 cases). Main treatments were stripping of GSV, stab avulsion, ligation of saphenofemoral junction, sclerotherapy, and conservative treatment. Comparing A group (stripping of GSV) with B group(sclerotherapy of GSV), A group had more complications than B group; however, A group had less recurrences than B group(p 0.05). Comparing C group(stab avulsion of LSV) with D group(sclerotherapy of LSV), there were 2 cases of recurrence in D group; however, there were no statistical differences between the two groups in complication and recurrence(p>0.05). Comparing B group(sclerotherapy of GSV) with E group(sclerotherapy of reticular vein and telangiectasia), there were no differences in complication; however, B group had more recurrences than E group. Post-stripping complications were ankle numbness and tingling(2 cases), ankle pain(2 cases),ankle swelling(2 cases), and wound pain(1 case). Postsclerotherapy complications were thrombophlebitis(1 case) and skin ulcer(1 case). Conclusion: Sclerotherapy for varicose vein involving GSV had more recurrences than stripping for lesions involving GSV. Sclerotherapy for reticular vein and telangiectasia had less recurrences than sclerotherapy for lesion involving GSV. Sclerotherapy is a very convenient method without operation and admission, thus further research is demanded in case of varicose vein involving GSV.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.193-200
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• 2011

Purpose : The effect of corticosteroid on severe pneumonia caused by 2009 pandemic influenza (H1N1) A virus is controversial. This study was aimed to present the effects of early, short-term corticosteroid treatment for severe pneumonia with this virus infection. Methods : A retrospective analysis was performed on severe pneumonia patients (37 patients) who had severe respiratory distress at presentation requiring oxygen therapy and received intravenous methylprednisolone (MP, 8-10 mg/kg, divided in 4 doses/day for 2-3 days) with oseltamivir. The clinical and laboratory characteristics of the patients were evaluated through the medical records and chest radiographic findings. Results : The mean age and male-to-female ratio of the patients were 6.5${\pm}$2.9 years of age, and 3.4:1 (male 29 patients), respectively. The 5-9 aged group was predominant among the age groups (25 patients, 67.6%). Duration of fever prior to admission was 1.4${\pm}$0.6 days and dyspnea developed within 24 h after beginning of respiratory symptoms in all patients. All patients were previously healthy and received oseltamivir within 48 h. Thirteen patients (35.1%) developed dyspnea during oseltamivir treatment. Following MP infusion, all 37 patients including 13 progressive pneumonia patients during oseltamivir treatment showed an immediate halt in the progression of pneumonic infiltration with rapid clinical improvement. There were no side-effects following steroid use. Conclusion : For severe pneumonia patients, early corticosteroid treatment halted clinical exacerbation, and possibly prevented progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Further controlled clinical studies are needed for the role of corticosteroids and antivirals on severely affected patients with influenza virus infections.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.101-110
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• 2021

In this study, we performed a cross-combination test using offspring from two paternal and five maternal parent stock lines to produce a new synthetic breed of Korean native commercial chickens. The survival rate, body weight, feed intake, and feed efficiency were measured for 10 crosses, with 837 Hanhyup-3 chickens used as a control. Most chickens had brown-based feathers, and there was little difference in color phenotypes among combinations. The average survival rate of the combinations was 94.9%, which was significantly different from that of Hanhyup-3 at 75.3% (P<0.01). There was significant differences in body weight among the combinations at all weeks of age (P<0.01). At 10 weeks of age, the FHHY combination was the heaviest with 2,300 g, while the weight of Hanhyup-3 was 1,922 g. In addition, the weight difference between the male and female chickens was 458 g. As a result of regression analysis, the duration needed to reach 1.9 kg was about 61 days for the FHFY, FHHY, and HFFY combinations, and 70 days for Hanhyup-3, exhibiting a 9-day difference. The average feed conversion ratio of the combinations until 10 weeks was 2.42, which was significantly different from that of Hanhyup-3 at 2.97 (P<0.01). In conclusion, FHHY, FHFY, and HFFY were determined to be the best new breed combinations based on production capacity. When these combinations are used as new commercial breeds, they are expected to increase the average weight by 18% and improve feed efficiency by 19%, as compared to the existing Hanhyup-3 breed.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.513-518
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• 2011

'Hongjinju', the reddish brown coloured rice variety, was developed by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA during the period from 1990 to 2006 and released in 2007. The cultivar was derived from a cross between Suwon 383, and $SR18164F_2$, a reddish brown pigmented line. 'Hongjinju' is medium maturity with 133 days of growth duration from seeding to heading and is japonica-type with about 82 cm in culm length. 'Hongjinju' has slightly less number of tillers per hill and more spikelets of panicles than those of 'Heugjinjubyeo'. It is susceptible to leaf blast, other disease and insect pests. It shows intermediate germination ratio at low temperature and similar tolerance to leaf discolor at seeding stage and heading-delay but it is resistant to spikelets-sterility type of cold damage at maturing stage compared with 'Heugjinjubyeo'. The yield performance of this variety in brown rice is about 5.07 MT/ha and is adaptable to the central and southern plain areas of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 2009

Jogwang is a new early maturing japonica rice developed in 2007 from a cross between Milyang187 and YR21113-B-B at the Department of Functional Crop Science, NICS, RDA. This cultivar is very suitable to the rice-cash crop double cropping system. Heading date of Jogwang is 2 days earlier than Keumobyeo under the late transplanting cultivation on July 10 at the Yeongnam plain. The tolerance level of this variety to leaf discoloration at seedling stage is very similar to Keumobyeo. It showed slightly lower viviparous germination and premature heading. This cultivar showed resistant reactions to leaf blast and rice stripe virus disease but susceptible to bacterial blight disease and major insect pests. The ratio of milling and head rice recovery of Jogwang is 76.5% and 64.5%, respectively. The milled kernels are translucent with non glutinous endosperm. This cultivar has 7.3% protein and 18.5% amylose content. In local adaptability test, showed that the milled rice yield of Jogwang is $4.90\;MT\;ha^{-1}$. This cultivar is suitable for planting in the plain paddy fields of Honam and Yeonnam regions in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.211-217
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• 2020

This study evaluated calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) and a combination of plant extracts ('natural product'; clove, cinnamon, and saponin; 1:1:1 ratio) as acaricidal control mechanisms for poultry red mites. Red mite susceptibility was evaluated after treatments with 10% slaked lime, 20% slaked lime, and 1% natural product. The duration of the acaricidal effect was also tested at 0, 10, 30, and 60 min after treatment using 20% slaked lime, 1% natural product, or a mixture of both. In the in vitro experiment, the slaked lime treatments were 73.2% (10% slaked lime) and 85.1% (20% slaked lime) effective on red mites. In acaricidal effect of control materials over times, with 20% slaked lime, the acaricidal effect decreased to 50.7% after 30 min, and 12.7% after 60 min (P<0.05). With 1% natural product, there was no acaricidal effect after 30 min (P<0.05). With 20% slaked lime +1% natural product, all of poultry red mites died until 30 min, and 92.9% after 60 min (P<0.05). On the farm, poultry red mites were observed that the number of poultry red mites increased 7,923 from 36 to 45 weeks, but then decreased to 483 after 20% slaked lime plus 1% natural product treatment. These results indicate that combining slaked lime and plant extracts effectively control poultry red mites.