• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Sophorae radix pharmacopuncture(SRP) therapy on the Chunchu($ST_{25}$) on intestinal disease in rats with dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis. Methods : The experimental model of colitis was induced by an infection of DSS for fifteen days. After colitis was induced, SRP therapy was practiced on the Chunchu($ST_{25}$) once every three days for a total of five times. Afterward, colon length, damage to the colonic mucosa, complete blood count, aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine transferase(ALT), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), creatinine, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 were measured. Results : The results were obtained as below. 1. Colon length was significantly increased in the SRP group 2 compared to the control group. 2. Damage of colonic mucosa was observed less in the SRP groups than in the other groups. 3. The mean rates of white blood cell(WBC), neutrophils and lymphocytes were significantly increased in SRP group 2 compared to the control group. 4. The mean rates of HGB and hematocrit(HCT) were significantly increased in the SRP compared to the control group. 5. No significant differences were shown in AST, ALT, BUN and Creatinine between the SRP groups and the control group. 6. The mean rate of TNF-${\alpha}$ was significantly decreased in the SRP groups compared to the control group. 7. The mean of IL-6 was significantly decreased in the SRP groups compared to the control group. Conclusions : These results indicated that SRP therapy on Chunchu($ST_{25}$) functions as a treatment to the dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.196-208
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• 2007

An analytical model is proposed for an optically controlled Metal Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MESFET), known as Optical Field Effect Transistor (OPFET) considering the diffusion fabrication process. The electrical parameters such as threshold voltage, drain-source current, gate capacitances and switching response have been determined for the dark and various illuminated conditions. The Photovoltaic effect due to photogenerated carriers under illumination is shown to modulate the channel cross-section, which in turn significantly changes the threshold voltage, drainsource current, the gate capacitances and the device switching speed. The threshold voltage $V_T$ is reduced under optical illumination condition, which leads the device to change the device property from enhancement mode to depletion mode depending on photon impurity flux density. The resulting I-V characteristics show that the drain-source current IDS for different gate-source voltage $V_{gs}$ is significantly increased with optical illumination for photon flux densities of ${\Phi}=10^{15}\;and\;10^{17}/cm^2s$ compared to the dark condition. Further more, the drain-source current as a function of drain-source voltage $V_{DS}$ is evaluated to find the I-V characteristics for various pinch-off voltages $V_P$ for optimization of impurity flux density $Q_{Diff}$ by diffusion process. The resulting I-V characteristics also show that the diffusion process introduces less process-induced damage compared to ion implantation, which suffers from current reduction due to a large number of defects introduced by the ion implantation process. Further the results show significant increase in gate-source capacitance $C_{gs}$ and gate-drain capacitance $C_{gd}$ for optical illuminations, where the photo-induced voltage has a significant role on gate capacitances. The switching time ${\tau}$ of the OPFET device is computed for dark and illumination conditions. The switching time ${\tau}$ is greatly reduced by optical illumination and is also a function of device active layer thickness and corresponding impurity flux density $Q_{Diff}$. Thus it is shown that the diffusion process shows great potential for improvement of optoelectronic devices in quantum efficiency and other performance areas.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.696-706
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to clarify the palatal forms through palatal curvatures of right to left, anterior to posterior direction, and difference of right and left palatal volumes in the primary and permanent dentition. Samples were consisted of normal occlusion of both dentition(50 males and 50 females each). Their upper plaster casts were used, measuring points were decided, through 3-dimensional laser scanning(3-D Laser Scanner, DS4060, LDI, U.S.A.), and fitting standard horizontal plane were made for measuring the height and sectioned volumes of palate. The results were as follows: 1. Palatal volume and height were greater at the right side of the palate in the primary and permanent dentition of male and female, but there was no significance. 2. Palatal height was greater in male compared to female, especially, there was significant difference at intercuspid, inter-second premolar area in the permanent dentition(P<0.05). 3. To the height of A-P direction of mid-palatal area, the highest point was 20mm in the primary dentition, 30mm in the permanent dentition from interdental papilla of central incisors. 4. Palatal height of inter-cuspid and inter-second premolar became shallow and broad, high and broad each, compared to inter-deciduous canine and inter-second deciduous molar.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1657-1662
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• 2014

In this paper, the impact of substrate bias($V_{BS}$) on the zero capacitor RAM(Z-RAM) in n-channel junctionless multiple gate MOSFET(MuGFET) has been analyzed experimentally. Junctionless transistors with fin width of 50nm and 1 fin exhibits a memory window of 0.34V and a sensing margin of $1.8{\times}10^4$ at $V_{DS}=3.5V$ and $V_{BS}=0V$. As the positive $V_{BS}$ is applied, the memory window and sensing margin were improved due to an increase of impact ionization. When $V_{BS}$ is increased from 0V to 10V, not only the memory window is increased from 0.34V to 0.96V but also sensing margin is increased slightly. The sensitivity of memory window with different $V_{BS}$ in junctionless transistor was larger than that of inversion-mode transistor. A retention time of junctionless transistor is better than that of inversion-mode transistor due to low Gate Induced Drain Leakage(GIDL) current. To evaluate the device reliability of Z-RAM, the shifts in the Set/Reset voltages and current were measured.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.98-106
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• 2001

This paper presents external load disturbance compensation that used to deadbeat load torque observer and regulation of the compensation gain by parameter estimator. As a result, the response of PMSM follows that of the nominal plant. The load torque compensation method is compose of a dead beat observer that is well-known method. However it has disadvantage such as a noise amplification effect. To reduce of the effect, the post-filter, which is implemented by MA process, is proposed. The parameter compensator with RLSM(recursive least square method) parameter estimator is suggested to increase the performance of the load torque observer and main controller. Although RLSM estimator is one of the most effective methods for online parameter identification, it is difficult to obtain unbiased result in this application. It is caused by disturbed dynamic model with external torque. The proposed RLSM estimator is combined with a high performance torque observer to resolve the problems. As a result, the proposed control system becomes a robust and precise system against the load torque and the parameter variation. A stability and usefulness, through the verified computer simulation and experiment, are shown in this paper.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 1998

Normal and abnormal follicular growth and steroidogenesis depend on gonadotropins as well as intraovarian peptides, which may mediate or potentiate gonadotropin action. Inhibin also affect follicular development and steroidogenesis and may play a role in dominant follicle selection and follicular atresia. Therefore, we studied the differences of serum inhibin, gonadotropin and androgen levels in the women with only the ultrasound findings and no disorder, and polycystic ovary (PCO) with ovulatory disturbance. We prospectively analysed forty-three women with PCO. The diagnosis of PCO was based on typical appearance of the ovaries on TVS. Twelve women with regular menstrual cycle and normal ovarian morphology were selected as control. Basal levels of inhibin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol $(E_2)$, testosterone (T), androstenedione (ADD), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DS), prolactin and TSH in serum were determined. There were significant differences in basal LH levels and LH/FSH ratio between the control and the women with PCO. The basal levels of inhibin and $E_2$ in the oligo-amenorrheic PCO (N=34) were significantly higher than those in the control. There was higher negative correlation between the inhibin and T levels in the oligo-amenorrheic PCO, but, not in the regular cycling PCO. Also, there was higher positive correlation between the LH and T levels in the oligo-amenorrheic PCO, but not in the regular cycling PCO. These data presume that the initial event of PCO is elevated pituitary LH secretion. Elevated levels of LH may down-regulate LH receptors on granulosa cells and also cause hypertrophy of the thecal layer. High level of androgen secreted by the hypertrophied thecal layer may stimulate inhibin secretion from granulosa cells and can be converted to estrogen by extraovarian tissues and could serve to augment pituitary sensitivity to GnRH with a resultant secretion of more LH than FSH. Inhibin may inhibit FSH action on granulosa cell in the PCO follicle, impairing follicular development and dominant follicle selection resulted in ovulatory disturbance.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.3 s.47
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• pp.369-375
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• 2004

In this study, liquid crystalline (LC) is formed using Gemini surfactant (GS) type and moisturizing effect in vivo is measured. $3.0\;wt\%$ of sodium dicocoyl ethylene diamine (PEG)-15 sulfate (SCD-PEG-15S) is used as GS and $4.0\;wt\%$ of hydrogenated dimer acid esters (HDAE) as booster. For stabilizers, $2.0\;wt\%$ of behenyl alcohol (BA) and $1.0\;wt\%$ of Iyso-lecithin (LyL) are utilized. It is stabilized in pH from 4.0 to 10.5 and the best condition is in pH 6.5. The value of viscosity is $8,000\pm500$ cP. The most excellent particles are formed within the range of 4.0 to 15.5 um. Formed LC is observed around LC particles using polarization microscope. It is also observed that lamellar gel network structure is formed around LC particles. Moisturizing effect is improved by $13.6\%$ (P<0.05) compared to control when measured 30 min later after coating samples. After 1 h, moisturizing effect is improved by 1$12.6\%$ (P<0.05) than control while showing $28.3\%$ (P<0.05) of improvement after 4 h. These results may be caused from that manufactured LC forms lamellar structure so that it has better water-holding ability and absorbance of oil increases. This formula could be utilized by delivery system (DS) on skin so that this technology can be applied for manufactuing pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1188-1194
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• 2017

Gochujang, a traditional Korean food, is fermented by mixing red pepper powder, various grain, meju and salt. Changes in the kind of ingredients and fermentation method could increase health functionalities. In this study, in vivo anti-colitis effects of gochujang prepared with mixed grains, bamboo salt baked 3 times and meju starters on DSS-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice were studied. We prepared gochujang prepared with mixed grains (MG), bamboo salt, and Aspergillus oryzae (A) and Baccillus subtilis (B) mixed starters (MG-AB) and gochujang prepared with MG, bamboo salt and A, B and Lactobacillus plantarum (L) mixed starters (MG-ABL). MG-AB and MG-ABL significantly increased body weight and colon length compared to the control (p<0.05). MG-ABL showed significantly decreased interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in serum compared to the control and MG-AB group (p<0.05). MG-ABL also regulated mRNA and protein levels of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in the mice colon tissue (p<0.05). Therefore, MG-ABL exhibited the increased anticolitis effects by inhibiting damage of colon tissue, probably by regulating a pro-inflammatory cytokine of IL-6 and regulated apoptosis related genes. These results indicated that gochujang changed with good ingredients and starters had colitis preventive effects and might be due to active compounds in mixed grain and bamboo salt, and produced by L during the fermentation of gochujang.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.76-85
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• 2002

A primary pulmonary malignant lymphoma is a rare disease. It is thought to be a category of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma arising from the bronchous-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). The majority of primary pulmonary lymphomas are low-grade, small B-cell lymphomas, which are associated with Sjogren's syndrome and similar autoimmune disorders. A case of primary pulmonary low-grade B-cell lymphoma arising from the BALT was encountered in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. A 54-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for the evaluation of left pleuritic chest pain and multiple joint pain in both hands. Serologic tests for collagen vascular disease were performed. The results of ANA and anti-ds-DNA were all positive. The computed tomography of the chest showed patchy consolidations in the left lower lobe with a pleural effusion and a video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy was performed. Here we report a case of a low-grade B-cell lymphoma of BALT in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus with a review of the relevant literatures.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.103-116
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• 1984

The structural gene of rabbit hemoglobin was cloned into Pst I site of pBR322 in E. coli. The complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized from rabbit globin mRNA with avian myeloblastosis viral reverse transcriptase, and then RNA was destroyed at pH 11. The double stranded cDNA was synthesized with both Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I and reverse transcriptase and then the hairpin loop was opened with Sl nuclease. Double stranded cDNA was subsequently tailed with dCTP and annealed to dGMP-tailed vector DNA. After transformation and initial screening of appropriate clones by plasmid size, the cloned colonies were identified by in situ colony hybridization using by plasmid size, the cloned colonies were identified by in situ colony hybridization using $[^32P]$-labeled cDNA probes and characterized the inserts with restriction endonucleases. The expression of cloned globin gene was investigated by standard radioimmunoassay using rat anti-rabbit Hb serum as primary antibody and goat antirat IgG serum as secondary antibody. The result suggested that the chimeric proteins (the part of $\\beta$-lactamase from the vector pBR322 and globin from rabbit) were supposedly produced in E. coli and the product had the antigenic determinant of rabbit hemoglobin.