• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.87-92
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• 1998

Major characteristics of shrinking and rehydration of Korean tea-leaves were investigated in the hot-air drying equipment. Experiments were performed with various drying temperature, plucking time, heating method and rolling condition. The values of shrinking raito and rate were the highest at 7$0^{\circ}C$ in the range of 3$0^{\circ}C$ to 9$0^{\circ}C$. The 1st tea-leaves and showed higher values. Shrinking ratio was 16.62 and 19.62% for leaves and stems; shrinking rate was found 0.083 and 0.091cm/hr.cm, respectively. The rehydration characteristics of tea-leaves at the drying temperature of 3$0^{\circ}C$ were fairly satisfactory. The 2nd tea-leaves showed higher value than others, while the natural tea-leaves were lower. Average rehydration ratio and rehydration rate constant were 85.7% and 0.063/min for leaves; 80.1% and 0.032/min for stems, respectively.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2021년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.199-200
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• 2021

In the study, creep and dry shrinkage characteristics were evaluated to determine the material properties necessary for structural analysis such as column shortening and differential drying shrinkage. All the experiments were conducted in an constant temperature and humidity room. The mechanical properties as well as the specific creep and ultimate dry shrinkage values were derived. In addition the characteristics of the physical value of the high-strength fiber reinforced concrete were considered.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.100-113
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• 1978

Drying grain with conventional artificial drying methods requires great quantities of petroleum fuels. Depletion of fossil fuel increases the need of the utilization of solar energy as an alternative to petroluem fuels for drying grain , an energy intensive agricultural operation. Many techniques for the utilization of solar energy in grain drying have been developed, however, there are many problems in adopting solar energy as an energy sources for drying grain. Futhermore, very little research has been done on solar grain drying in Korea. This study was conducted to evaluate the availability of solar energy for drying of rough rice in Chuncheon, Suweon, and Jinju areas based on 50year meteorological data, and to analyze experimentally the performance of a solar air collector for dying grain, and to find the effects of solar heated air compared to unheated air on the rate of drying and energy consumption required for drying of rough rice. The results of this study was may be summarized as follows ; 1. Monthly average daily total radiation on a horizontal surface in October was 260.6 ly/day for Chuncheon, 240.3 ly/day for Suweon , and 253.4 ly/day for Jinju area, respectively. 2. the ratio of monthly average daily diffuse radiation to daily total radiation on a horizontal surface was approximately 0.41 for Chuncheon, 0.45 for Suweon, and 0.44 for Jinju area, respectively. 3. Although the statistical distribution curves of daily total radiation for the three locations were not identical , the differences among them were not large and may be neglected for many practical purposes. 4. I was estimated that the optimum tilting angle of the collector in October was approximately 46 degrees for Chuncheon and Suweon and 45 degrees for Jinju. 5. The ratio of the total radiation on a optimum tilting plane to that on a horizontal plane was estimated to be 1.36 for Chuncheon, 1.31 for Suweon, and 1.27 for Jinju , respectively. 6. The collection efficiency of the solar air collector ranged from 47. 8 to 51. 5 percent at the air flow rates of 251. 1-372.96 $m^3$/hr. High efficiency remained nearly , constant during the best sunshine hours, 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. and decreased during other hours. More energy was collected as the air flow rate incresed. 7. The average temperature rise in the drying air from the solar collector for the test period varied from $6.5^\circC$ to $21.8^\circC$ above the ambient air temperature. 8. Solar-dried rough rice averaged 13.7 percent moisture (w.b.) after 130 hours of drying with the air flow rate of 1. 64 ccm/$m^3$, and rough rice dried with natural air averaged 15.1 percent moisture (w.b.) after 325 hours of drying with the same air flow rate. 9. Energy saving of 2.4 kwh per $m^3$ percentage point of moisture removed was obtained from solar heated air drYing. The solar bin used 53.3 percent less energy per percentage point of moisture removed than the natural air bin.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.50-53
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• 2002

YMnO$_3$ thin films were spun-coated on the Pt/Ti/SiO$_2$/Si substrates by sol-gel process using alkoxides, and then dried on hot plates from 300 to 450 $^{\circ}C$. The prepared YMnO$_3$ thin films were annealed at 850 $^{\circ}C$ in O$_2$ atmosphere for 1 h. The crystallization of YMnO$_3$ thin films were improved to preferred c-axis orientation and the dielectric characteristics were progressed by increasing the drying temperature. The range of dielectric constant of thin film dried at 450 $^{\circ}C$ is 12.9-22.3 and close to that of YMnO$_3$ single crystal. The ferroelecrtic property of YMnO$_3$ thin film was observed on the YMnO$_3$ films. The maximum remnant polarization (2Pr) of YMnO$_3$ thin films dried at 450 $^{\circ}C$ was about 2.91 ${\mu}$ C/cm2. It was suggested that the drying temperature affect to the initial stage of thin film growth of preferred c-axis orientation.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권6C호
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• pp.303-311
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 먼저 시멘트를 소량 혼합한 고결모래를 대기중에서 재령 3, 7, 14, 21, 28일로 양생한 다음 재령에 따른 일축압축강도 변화를 평가하였다. 그 결과, 시멘트비가 4, 8%로 비교적 낮은 경우, 7일까지는 강도가 지속적으로 증가하지만 그 이후에는 점차 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그리고 시멘트비가 12, 16%로 상대적으로 높은 경우, 7일까지 계속 증가한 강도는 14, 21일까지 비슷한 강도를 나타내지만 28일 강도는 3일 강도보다도 훨씬 감소하였다. 시멘트로 고결된 흙 특히 모래나 자갈을 혼합한 CSG(cemented sand and gravel) 재료는 투수성이 좋기 때문에 양생기간 동안 내리는 강우나 지하 수위 변화로 습윤 상태와 건조 상태가 반복될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 일정 기간 양생한 후 현장에서 발생할 수 있는 수침과 건조 상태를 반복하면서 고결모래의 일축압축강도를 평가하였다. 그 결과, 27일 동안 대기중에서 양생한 다음 마지막 1일 동안 수침시킨 공시체의 강도는 28일 동안 수침시키지 않고 대기중에서 양생한 공시체보다 최대 35% 정도 감소하였으며, 강도 저하율은 시멘트비가 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 양생기간 28일 동안 일정한 간격으로 수침과 건조를 반복할 경우 3회 반복까지는 일축압축강도가 선형적으로 증가하지만 그 이후로는 강도 증가율이 둔화되거나 수화작용에 필요한 수분 부족으로 강도가 오히려 감소하였다. 현장에서 소량의 시멘트를 혼합한 흙으로 시공할 경우 양생기간에 따라 충분한 강도 증가를 얻기 위해서는 양생기간 동안 적절한 습윤 상태를 유지해야 하며, 건습으로 인한 강도 변화를 적절히 설계에 반영해야 한다.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1996년도 International Conference on Agricultural Machinery Engineering Proceedings
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• pp.957-966
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• 1996

An attempt was made to measure the availability of waste heat, released from the cooling system of a small engine, which can be utilized for grain drying. An engine powered flat-bed rough rice dryer was constructed and the performance of the dryer with available engine-waste heat was analyzed for 10 , 20, 30 and 40 cm rough rice bulk depths with a constant dryer base area of 0.81$m^2$/min. The waste heat was sufficient to increase the drying air temperature 7 to 12$^{\circ}C$ at an air flow rate of 8.8 to 5.7㎥/min, while the average ambient temperature and relative humidity were 24$^{\circ}C$ and 70%. The minimum energy requirement was 3.26 MJ/kg of water removed in drying a 40 cm deep grain bed in 14h. A forty to fifty centimeter deep grained seems to be optimum in order to avoid over-drying in the top layers. On the basis of minimum energy requirement (3.26 MJ/kg ) , an estimation was made that the waste heat harvest from an engine of a power range of 1 to 10.5PS can dry about 0.1 to 1 metric on of rough rice from 23% to 15% m.c. (w.b) in 12 h at an average ambient temperature and relative humidity of $25^{\circ}C$ and 80%, respectively. The engine-waste heated grain dryer can be used in the rural areas of non industrialized countries where electricity is not available.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.64-69
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• 1992

Blanching 처리가 고추의 건조율 및 색도에 미치는 효과를 조사하고자 실험실 규모의 열풍 건조기를 제작하였으며 strain gage형의 load cell과 strain amplifier를 이용하여 건조 중의 중량을 연속적으로 기록, 측정하였다. 고추의 건조특성곡선은 대조군에서는 예비, 항율, 감율건조기간이 뚜렷한 반면, blanching 처리군은 감율건조기간만 존재하였으며, 시료의 건조율과 건조상수 값은 blanching 처리 온도와 시간에 비례하여 증가하는 경향이었고, $100^{\circ}C$, 3분 blanching 처리군이 가장 높게 나타났다. Capsanthin 함량 역시 대조군에 비해 처리군이blanching 처리온도와 시간에 비례하였으며 색도 값의 경우 $80^{\circ}C$, 3분 blanching군이 가장 우수하였다. blanching 처리는 전반적으로 고추의 건조율 증진 및 색도 보존에 효과적이며 $80^{\circ}C$, 3분 blanching 처리가 비교적 적합하였다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2021년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.125-126
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• 2021

In order to improve the housing culture, construction changes for the utilization of diverse and multifunctional spaces are appearing in response to the increasing diverse needs of consumers. Cellular Light-weight Concrete (CLC) is being developed for use in fire-resistant heat-insulating walls and non-bearing walls. However, manufacturing non-uniformity has become a problem as a drawback due to the use of foamed bubbles and normal temperature curing, and additional research is required. Therefore, in order to suppress cracks due to drying shrinkage, silica sand is mixed with CLC to try to understand its characteristics. In the experiment, the compressive strength from 7 to 28 days of age was measured via a constant temperature and humidity chamber, and the drying shrinkage was analyzed according to each condition using a strain gauge. The compressive strength of matrix tends to decrease as the substitution rate of silica sand increases. This is judged by the result derived from the fact that the specific surface area of silica sand is smaller than that of slag. Based on KS F 2701 (ALC block), the compressive strength of 0.6 products is 4.9 MPa or more as a guide, so the maximum replacement rate of silica sand that satisfies this can be seen at 60%. Looking at the change in drying shrinkage for just 7 days, the shrinkage due to temperature change and drying is 0.7 mm, and the possibility of cracking due to shrinkage can be seen, and it seems that continuous improvement and supplementation are needed in the future.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.383-391
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• 2016

This paper reports the results of an experimental program involving several small-scale columns which were constructed to simulate corrosion damage in the field using two accelerated corrosion techniques namely, constant voltage and constant current. A total of six columns were cast for this experiment. For one pair of regular RC columns, corrosion was accelerated using constant voltage and for another pair, corrosion was accelerated using constant current. The remaining pair of regular RC columns was used as control. In the experiment, all the columns were subjected to cyclic wetting and drying using sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. The currents were monitored on an hourly interval and cracks were visually checked throughout the test program. After the specimens had suffered sufficient percentage steel loss, all the columns including the control were tested to failure in compression. The test results generated show that accelerated corrosion using impressed constant current produces more corrosion damage than that using constant voltage. The results suggest that the constant current approach can be better used to simulate corrosion damage of reinforced concrete structures and to assess the effectiveness of various materials, repair strategies and admixtures to resist corrosion damage.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 1982

말쥐치육(肉)의 건조속도(乾燥速度)는 열풍온도(熱風溫度)가 높을수록 열풍온도(熱風速度)가빠를수록 크다. 여러 가지 조건중(條件中) $70^{\circ}C$(상대습도 6%) 3m/sec에서는 재료(材料)가 과속건조(過速乾燥)로 인(因)하여 표면경화현상(表面硬化現象)이 현저하게 일어남을 관찰할 수 있었다. 온도가 낮고 풍속(風速)이 느린 경우는 평형함수율(平衡含水率)에 도달(到達)하는 건조시간(乾燥時間)이 길어져서 비능률적(非能率的)임을 알았다. 따라서 온도가 $60^{\circ}C$(상대습도 8%)이고 풍속(風速)이 3m/sec때는 표면경화현상(表面硬化現象)이 적은 상태에서 건조(乾燥)가 진행(進行)되어 평형함수율(平衡含水率)에 이르는 시간(時間)은 $70^{\circ}C$, 1m/sec때보다 2시간이나 빠르고 다른 조건(條件)보다는 월등히 짧고 함수율 20%(wet basis)에 이르는 시간은 1.5시간 정도(程度) 느리나, $70^{\circ}C$보다 유효(有效)라이신의 변화나 표면경화(表面硬化) 등(等) 품질변화(品質變化)가 적으므로 적절(適切)한 조건(條件)이라 할 수 있겠다. 또 식(式)에 의(依)하여 산출(算出)된 확산계수(擴散係數)로 계산한 건조(乾燥)시간과 실험(實驗)에서 나타난 건조시간(乾燥時間)이 일치(一致)됨을 알았다.