• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.322-329
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• 2005

Viscous flows behind transom stern are analyzed based on CFD simulation results. Stern wave pattern is often complicated due to the abrupt change of stern surface curvature and flow separation at transom. When a ship advances at high speed, whole transom stern is exposed out of water, resulting in the so-called 'dry transom'. However, in the moderate speed regime, stern wave development in conjunction of flow separation makes unstable wavy surface partially covering transom surface, i.e., the so-called 'wetted transom'. Transom wave formation is usually affecting the resistance characteristics of a ship, since the pressure contribution on transom surface as well as the wave-making resistance is changed. Flow modeling for 'wetted transom' is difficult, while the 'dry transom modeling' is often applied for the high-speed vessels. In the present study CFD results from the RANS equation solver using a finite volume method with level-set treatment are utilized to assess the topology of transom flow pattern for a destroyer model (DTMB5415) and a container ship (KCS). It is found that transom flow patterns are quite different for the two ships, in conformity to the shape of submerged transom. Furthermore, the existence of free surface seems to after the flow topology in case of KCS.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제68권4호
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• pp.443-457
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• 2018

In this article, a comparative study has been made to investigate the scattering behaviour of three layered structure model on torsional surface wave. For such model intermediate layer is taken as fiber reinforced composite, resting over a dry sandy Gibson substratum and underlying by different anelastic media. We consider two distinct mediums for topmost layer. In the first case, topmost layer has been taken as fluid saturated homogeneous porous layer, while in the second case the fluid saturated porous layer has been replaced by a transversely isotropic layer. Simple form expression for the secular equation of torsional surface wave has been worked out in both the cases by executing specific boundary conditions, which comprises Whittaker's function and its derivative, for imminent result that have been elaborated asymptotically. Some special cases have been constituted which are in excellent compliance with recorded literatures. For the sake of comparative study, numerical estimation and graphical illustration have been accomplished to identify the effects of the width ratio of the layers, Biot's gravity parameter, sandy parameter, porosity parameter and other heterogeneity parameters corresponding to the layers and half spaces, horizontal compressive and tensile initial stress on the phase velocity of torsional surface wave.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 2007

The present study was conducted to investigate the translocation of polyphenols, especially catechin derivatives, from mushroom medium mixed with green tea residues into fruiting body of Pleurotus eryngii. Pleurotus eryngii was grown on the media incorporated by mixing or surface-treated with dry materials including leaf petioles and young stems or leaves of green tea. The dry materials treated in medium did not affect plant height and fresh weight of Pleurotus eryngii body. From the samples of Pleurotus eryngii, the eight main catechin derivatives (-)-gallocatechin(GC), (+)-catechin (C), (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (-)-gallocatechin gallate (GCG), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), and (-)-catechin gallate (EGCG), and caffeine were analyzed quantitatively by HPLC. The results showed that EGC in Pleurotus eryngii was 45% more detected, when incorporated with the dry materials, than untreated control. Especially, content of EGCG was increased in surface-treated Pleurotus eryngii up to 3.2 ppm, while it was not detected or reduced in control and other treatments. Caffeine content was greatly increased regardless of treatment method, compared with control (0.1ppm), showing 44 fold-amount in Pleurotus eryngii at early growth stage when incorporated with the dry materials into medium. The results indicates that functional catechin derivatives of green tea would be partly translocated into Pleurotus eryngii throught incorporation and surface treatment with residues of green tea plants.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.70-77
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• 2015

This paper develops and evaluates a mechanical machining process which involves drilling on PVS material. According to the material, two treatment experiments were conducted, one involving drilling in a wet condition or using a lubricant and one involving drilling in a dry condition with no lubricant. Drilling in a dry condition showed better performance in terms of the cutting time than in the wet condition. Otherwise, the wet condition has several advantages. The lubricant influenced the burr diameter size and minimized the temperature on the surface of the work piece. During the wet condition drilling process, a smaller burr diameter size was noted as compared to the dry condition. The temperature showed a linear correlation with the drill bit size, where a least-square analysis provided an $R^2$valuewhichexceeded 0.95. The wet condition required more cutting time than the dry condition. In this condition, the water provides a lubrication effect. A thin layer between the cutting edges and the surface of the work piece is formed. The chip formation is affected by the drilling depth. The color on the tips of the chips was darker than in the initial condition. No correlation between the drilling depth and the bore roughness was noted, but the variation of the cutting speed or the RPM influenced the roughness of the bore. The optimum cutting speed ranged from 40 RPM to 45 RPM in the condition which provided the finest roughness surface.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.343-349
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• 2014

Currently, in order to resist the scratching of the fuel rod surface while fabricating the fuel assembly of the light-water nuclear reactor, we use a solution of nitrocellulose, an explosive material, as a dry lubricant along with its solvent. However, the demand for developing safe and harmless aqueous alternative materials for environment-conservation and field-worker safety has increased. In this study, we demonstrate the preparation of a novel aqueous resin composite using a formulation of aqueous polymeric resin, alcoholic solvent, and water. Subsequently, we characterize this composite on the basis of hardness, adhesive property, and water solubility using plates similar to the fuel rod material. The insertion test of a fuel rod coated with the YS-3 composite shows load values of $18.8-20.5kg/cm^2$, which is comparable with $18.8-20.5kg/cm^2$ of the nitrocellulose coating agent. In addition, the depth and width of longitudinal scratches caused by the YS-3 composite test are 50% higher than those of the standard. We can develop a harmless and safe aqueous dry lubricant to replace the existing NC products through field testing of 264 pieces of fuel rods, after producing 350 kg of the YS-3 prototype. The scratch test for the rod surface showed that weight of chip of YS-3 prototype was smaller than that of NC before and after solvent treatment, indicating the properties of YS-3 prototype was comparable to the counterpart.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.10.1-10.12
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• 2022

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) cannot be diagnosed by a single test because it is a multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface. Although studies on various dry eye tests (DETs) in dogs have been reported, standard criteria have not been established except for the Schirmer tear test 1 (STT-1). Objectives: To establish reference values for DETs in dogs with normal STT-1 values (≥ 15 mm/min) and to analyze the correlation between DETs. Methods: The STT-1 was performed in 10 healthy Beagle dogs (20 eyes). After 20 min, interferometry (IF) for estimating the lipid layer thickness (LLT) of the tear film, tear meniscus height (TMH), non-invasive tear breakup time (NIBUT), and meibomian gland loss rate of the upper eyelid (MGLRU) and lower eyelid (MGLRL), were measured using an ocular surface analyzer. Results: Mean values for STT-1, TMH, and NIBUT were as follows: 21.7 ± 3.4 mm/min, 0.41 ± 0.21 mm, and 19.1 ± 9.5 sec, respectively. The most frequent LLT range, measured by IF, was 30-80 nm (11 eyes), followed by 80 nm (5 eyes) and 80-140 nm (4 eyes). MGLRU ≤ 25% was measured in 11 eyes and 26%-50% in 9 eyes; MGLRL ≤ 25% in 8 eyes and 26%-50% in 12 eyes. Besides positive correlation between TMH and NIBUT (P = 0.038), there were no significant associations between DETs. Conclusions: Data obtained in this study provided normative references that could be useful for diagnosing DED and for further research into correlation between DETs in dogs with DED.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2016

연구배경: 우리나라 표층토양 중 원자력 발전소 주변 지역인 울진군을 중심으로 $^{137}Cs$과 $^{90}Sr$의 분포 현황을 조사하고, 토양 속 방사성핵종의 행동에 영향을 미치는 변수들과의 상관관계를 밝힘으로써 한국토양에 발생한 $^{137}Cs$과 $^{90}Sr$의 농도에 대한 기준자료 확보와 원자력시설 주변 환경영향 평가의 강화가 목적이다. 재료 및 방법: 원자력 발전소 인근 10 km이내의 지역 14곳에서 2011년 4월 표층토양 시료를 채취하였으며, 깊이에 따른 분포 조사를 위하여 40 cm 까지의 토양을 덕구, 후정, 매화 지역에서 채취하였다. $^{137}Cs$의 농도는 HPGe 감마분광시스템으로, $^{90}Sr$의 농도는 방사평형상태의 $^{90}Y$을 기체 유동식 비례계수기로 계측하였다. 결과 및 논의: 표층토양에서 $^{137}Cs$의 방사능농도는 $<0.479-39.6Bq{\cdot}(kg-dry)^{-1}$(평균 $7.51Bq{\cdot}(kg-dry)^{-1}$), $^{90}Sr$의 방사능 농도는 $0.209-1.85Bq{\cdot}(kg-dry)^{-1}$(평균 $0.74Bq{\cdot}(kg-dry)^{-1}$)이었다. 방사능비($^{137}Cs/^{90}Sr$)는 9.67로서 전지구적 초기 방사성 낙진의 1.75보다 큰 값을 보였는데, 이는 낙진 이후 $^{90}Sr$의 심층으로의 빠른 이동성 때문이다. 깊이에 따른 분포는, 덕구와 후정의 토양에서 $^{137}Cs$ 의 농도가 표층토양에서 가장 높고 깊이가 증가할수록 급격히 지수적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, $^{90}Sr$의 방사능농도는 표층 및 깊이 30 cm 부근에서 높은 값을 보였다. 표층토양 방사능 농도와 표층토양 변수들(pH, 유기물함량, 입도)과의 선형 핏팅에서는 $^{137}Cs$ 방사능과 유기물함량 사이에 상당한 상관관계(결정계수 $R^2=0.6$)가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 울진 토양의 $^{137}Cs$과 $^{90}Sr$의 방사능농도 범위는 한국 다른 지역의 값과 유사함을 확인하였고 $^{137}Cs$ 방사능과 유기물함량 사이에 상당한 상관관계를 확인하였다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.203-215
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• 2006

'한국 남해 중앙부 해역의 표층퇴적물내 유기물의 시 공간적 분포특성을 파악하고자 2002년 4월부터 2003년 1월까지 15개 정점을 대상으로 격월간격으로 현장조사를 실시하였다. 저층해수(B-1m) 수온과 염분 그리고 표층퇴적물의 니질 함량과 함수율은 각각 $8.1{\sim}23.4^{\circ}C,\;29.2{\sim}34.5\;psu,\;71.2{\sim}99.9%$ 및 $38.7{\sim}68.9%$의 범위를 보였다. 강열감량(IL), 식물색소량(phaeopigment), 입자성 유기탄소(POC), 입자성 유기질소(PON) 및 화학적산소요구량(CODs)은 각각 $3.9{\sim}12.5%,\;1.58{\sim}29.51\;{\mu}g/g-dry,\;3.12{\sim}13.01\;mgC/g-dry,\;0.49{\sim}2.0\;mgN/g-dry$ 그리고 $9.6{\sim}44.05\;mgO_2/g-dry$의 범위를 보였다. 유기물의 공간적인 분포는 육지와 인접한 연안역보다 수심이 깊은 외양역에서 높은 유기물량을 나타내었다. 시간적으로는 저수온기보다 고수온기에 유기물량이 증가하였다. 유기물 기원은 C/N ratio가 평균 6.44(${\pm}0.51$)로 나타나 해양자체 생산에 의한 생물기원 유기물에 게 의존하고 있으나, 비교적 높은 POC/phaeopigment ratio로 부터 전체적으로 식물플랑크톤보다 쇄설성 유기물질에 의한 조성비가 높음을 알 수 있었다. 주성분분석 결과 누적 기여율 73.2%의 제 2주성분까지 도출되었다. 얻어진 인자부하량으로부터 제 1주성분은 '환경요인에 따른 표층퇴적물의 유기물 집적정도(57.3%)'를, 제 2주성분은 '해양의 생유기물에 의한 유기물 척도(15.9%)'로 판단되었다. 정점별 득점 분포로부터 남해 중앙부 해역의 표층퇴적물 환경은 유기물 함량과 퇴적물내 식물플랑크톤에 의한 유기물 조성 비율에 따라 4개의 해역으로 구분되었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.249-250
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• 2012

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1999년도 춘계학술발표회요약집
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• pp.410-410
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• 1999