• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.237-244
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• 2017

At present, in India, handling of solid waste has become a major challenge for the municipal authorities. Composting of solid waste, especially organic waste, can be one of the solutions to tackle the issue of handling solid waste. The present study is focused on agitated piles composting of flower waste (FW). Five combinations of FW with dry leaves (DL) and cow dung (CD) were prepared to conduct the study. Significant changes were observed due to the addition of bulking agent. The bulking material helps to reduce the production of leachate and also to maintain the aerobic condition within the piles. The reduction of total organic carbon was 21% in FW composting which increased by 36.48% during the composting of FW on addition of DL and CD. On the 120th day of composting, the pH of pile five (70 kg FW + 20 kg CD + 15 kg DL) was 7.33, electrical conductivity 2.77 mS/cm, total organic carbon 26.9%, total nitrogen 2.2%, and C:N ratio was 12. Appropriate proportion of waste mixture played an important role in providing favorable conditions for the microbial transformation of flower waste to stabilized compost. Finally, FW with the combination of CD and DL was found to be successful during pile composting.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 2003

The water balance calculation in the IRL shows that fresh groundwater discharge is the primary factor, with surface runoff from gaged and ungaged areas as the second freshwater contributor. Precipitation and evaporation are almost in balance fer the entire IRL. Due to high freshwater discharge from ground-water, the annual net flow is outward from the IRL to the continental shelf of the Atlantic Ocean resulting in a relatively short flushing time, denoted as $T_{0.5}$ (50% flushing time) and $T_{0.99}$ (99% flushing time). $T_{0.5}$, and. $T_{0.99}$ without a tidal effect in the Northern IRL are 17 and 114 days, respectively, during the dry season. During the wet season, they are 10 and 65 days, respectively. Tidal flushing effects are considered in central IRL due to the proximity to Sebastian Inlet. In the Northern Central zone during dry season, $T_{0.5}$, and. $T_{0.99}$ are 6 and 43 days, respectively and during the wet season 5 and 33 days. In the Southern Central zone they are 2 and 16 days for the dry season,2 and 15 days for the wet season. High groundwater seepage into the IRL is considered to be a positive effect in maintaining relatively good water quality condition even with few narrow inlets.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.297-305
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• 2017

In this study, the activity and structural properties of catalysts prepared by mechanochemical method under dry condition were studied. A dry milling was used as a mechanochemical method. The precursors of vanadium were $NH_4VO_3$ and $V_2O_5$. The activity and characterization of the catalysts prepared by dry milling were compared with those prepared by impregnation. In addition, the correlation between the catalytic activity and the structural characteristics was observed through XRD, Raman, and $H_2$-TPR analysis. As a result, the monomeric vanadate species exhibited excellent redox characteristics, which were confirmed to be related to the catalytic activity.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.257-269
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• 2007

1. Objectives The purpose of this case report is to evaluate the effects of Sasang constitutional diagnosis and treatment of two delirium patients who were diagnosed Taeumin Dry-Heat Syndrome(燥熱證). 2. Methods Two delirium patients were diagnosed Taeumin Dry-Heat Syndrome(燥熱證) based on their Nature & Emotion (性情), physical characteristics, symptoms. They were medicated Chungpyesagan-tang(淸肺瀉肝湯) through of sleep, complexion, thirst, stool, coating of the tongue, and MMSE(Mini-Mental State Exanmination) score were used of measure improvement. 3. Results and Conclusions Two delirium patients who were treated with Chungpyesagan-tang(淸肺瀉肝湯) showed improvement in delirium symptoms, thirst, constipation, redness of complexion, white coating of tongue, and general condition. These case reports describe the effects on delirium and symptoms of Sasang Constitutional Medication. The necessity of managing the psychological aspects of the pathology through Nature & Emation(性情) is also mentioned.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.149-152
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• 2006

Dry sliding wear behavior of low carbon dual phase steel, of which microstructure consists of hard martensite in a ductile ferrite matrix, has been investigated. The wear characteristics of the dual phase steel was compared with that of a plain carbon steel which was normalized at $950^{\circ}C$ for 30min and then air-cooled. Dry sliding wear tests were carried out using a pin-on-disk type tester at various loads of 1N to 10N under a constant sliding speed condition of 0.2m/sec against an AISI 52100 bearing steel ball at room temperature. The sliding distance was fixed as 1000m for all wear tests. The wear rate was calculated by dividing the weight loss measured to the accuracy of $10^{-5}g$ by the specific gravity and sliding distance. The worn surfaces and wear debris were analyzed by SEM, EDS and a profilomter. Micro vickers hardness values of the cross section of worn surface were measured to analyze strain hardening behavior underneath the wearing surfaces. The were rate of the dual phase steel was lower than the plain carbon steel. Oxidation on the sliding surface and strain hardening were attributed for the higher wear resistance of the dual phase steel.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 1998

It is important in the durable water and oil repellent finishing for wool fabric what kinds of water-repellent agents will be used. Water repellent agents and its concentration were aleady chosen in the previous paper, one of the crosslinking agents which has less damages(harsh handle or yellowing) to the treated fabrics was a low molecular weight urethane-based resins(eg. Elastron BN-11). In repellent finishing, fabrics were padded in a bath which contained aqueous solution of water-repellent agents, and crosslinking agents, and wetting agents, followed by drying and curing. The most suitable treating condition for excellent repellency and durability to dry-cleaning was as follows ： Fabrics are padded at liquor pick-up ratio of 50%, with aqueous solution which contained $30g/\ell$ of water-repellent agents, and $1g/\ell$ of crosslinking agents, and 40g/s of wetting agents. And the padded fabrics were dried at $110^\circ{C}$ for 1 minute, and cured at $160^\circ{C}$ for 1 minute. For the fabrics, water and oil repellencies and durability to repeated dry-cleanings were observed. For enhancing the durability to dry-cleaning, the role of crosslinking agents was important for they bonds water-repellent agents and fibers to 3-dimensional net structure. Therefore, the most suitable drying and curing conditions should be selected according to the kinds of crosslinking agents.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.29-38
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• 1994

The friction and wear of mild steel at dry sliding surfaces under different vacuum conditions have been investigated to understand the wear mechanisms. For the test, a ball-ondisk typed wear-rig has been built and implemented, allowing control of sliding speed, load and vacuum. Results show that, at a high sliding velocity, friction of low carbon steel (SS41) under a high vacuum is much higher than that of ambient condition and wear is much severer. It is due to lack of effective oxidation film formation on which steel surfaces could protect themselves against the severe wear. It has been shown, however, that there is a critical regime with contact conditions (at a low sliding velocity, a low load, and under a medium vacuum) at which effective, protective films of low carbon steel have been built on the surfaces in a friction process with a self-regulating way, resulting in both very low coefficients of friction (about 0.3) and mild wear. In order to investigate the protective films on steel surfaces, the worn surfaces and the wear debris have been experimentally analyzed with SEM, AES/SAM and XRD. A theoretical analysis of frictional heating at sliding surfaces, and an experimental analysis of the influence of oxidation wear under various vacuum conditions are described. The important variables on which self-formations of protective films at dry sliding surfaces depend, and the wear mechanisms are also investigated.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.6445-6452
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• 2015

The surface of the cooling coil becomes dry, wet or partially wet depending on the operating condition. Thus, a proper design of the cooling coil should include a heat transfer analysis on dry, wet or partially wet surfaces. In this study, an elementary model, which analyzes the cooling on an elementaty basis, is proposed. Comparison of the predictions of the model with experimental data of the cooling coil revealed that heat transfer rates were predicted within 10.1%, airside pressure drop within 11.1% and sensible heat ratio within 5.7%. The model was used to investigate the effect of water circuitory on cooling coil performance.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.335-339
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• 2001

Two successive in vitro experiments were carried out to examine the effect of MPS bacterial inoculation on growth, and nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation of maize plants under greenhouse condition in the same soil. There were four treatments, uninoculated control and three phosphate solubilizing bacterial inoculations, viz., Pseudomonas striata, Burkholderia cepacia and Serratia marcescens. The inoculated plants showed the higher plant height, total dry mass, nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation when compared to uninoculated control plants in both experiments. In the combined data analysis from two experiments, the plants inoculated with P. striata and B. cepacia showed significantly higher plant height, total dry mass and P accumulation when compared to S. marcescens inoculated plant and uninoculated control plants. The P. striata and B. cepacia inoculation enhanced total dry matter accumulation by 14% and phosphorus accumulation by 25% over the uninoculated control plants. The nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of maize plants were also increased due to MPS bacterial inoculation, however, the effect was not significant.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.500-507
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• 2008

Hot air drying is a method that let moistures evaporate by heat exchange between heating air and dry target. This way is dominating more than about 70% of dryers that the use extent is wide fairly, and is established in domestic than dryer that use conduction or radiation etc. Most of research about drying had been emphasized in size of device through analysis for these dry phenomenon plain, heating topology, and aspect of form and so on by dry target's special quality, and research about device development or waste heat withdrawal technology in energy utilization efficiency side is slight real condition. Therefore, in this study, Investigated numerically about thermal efficiency elevation that is leaned against as that change the temperature of inlet and outlet in heat exchanger of the hot air drying tower.