• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.447-453
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• 2008

Zinc is an essential trace element in Human Being. Highly zinc containing yeast strain isolated from the tropical fruit, rambutan and the zinc concentration in this yeast strain was 306 ppm (30.6 mg%)per dry matter basis. This strain was found to be a rounded type, normal size, and multi-polar budding. Phylogenetic analysis using the ITS1-5.85 rDNA sequences from isolated strain is most similar to yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae at the level of nucleotide sequence identity at 99%. This strain was produced alcohol by about 12% using fully colonized koji-rice with Aspergillus oryzae. In conclusion, the isolated strain was found to be closely related to the S. cerevisiae based on its morphological and physiological properties, and alcohol fermentation. The phylogenetic analysis of strain FF-10 using ITS 5.8S rDNA sequence data also supported the closely related to the S. cerevisiae. Accordingly, the isolated yeast was named as S. cerevisiae FF-10. Further studies on the best culture conditions for zinc production from zinc-enriched S. cerevisiae FF-10 are under investigation.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.522-527
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• 2010

Onion has been reported to contain various organosulfur compounds which have antibiotic and anticarcinogenic properties and flavonoid like quercetin which is a valuable natural source of antioxidants. Carbohydrates in onion constitute about 80% of dry matter, and the major non-structural carbohydrate of onion bulb is fructo-oligosaccharides, well known as fructan, followed by glucose, fructose, and sucrose. The sugar concentration is associated with dormancy and storage life of onion, occurring as decrease in glucose, fructose and fructan, particularly towards the end of storage. Forced air pre-drying for 15-20 days at room temperature is an essential procedure to reduce freezing injury and sprouting, then onion bulbs can be stored at $0^{\circ}C$ for 6 months to control sprouting and decay. Bacterial soft rot caused by $Erwinia$ and $Pseudomonas$ is the main postharvest disease when the bulbs are infected with the bacteria and stored at room temperature. Browning in sliced onion is due to oxidation of phenolic compounds by polyphenol oxidase and it can be inhibited by citric acid treatment, packing with nitrogen gas, and polyethylene film.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.6 s.90
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• pp.844-849
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• 2005

The chemical composition of isoflavone, oligosaccharide and phytic acid content of three Korean soybeans, Hwanggumkong, Yakkong and Huktae cultivars, were examined. Moisture, crude fat, crude protein and ash content of soybean seeds were all in the ranges of 10.9-$12.5\%$, 15.8-$20.8\%$, 36.5-$41.1\%$ and 5.4-$5.6\%$ respectively, showing differences among the cultivars. Methionine, cystein and histidine were the minor components of soybean protein and ratio of methionine to the total proteins showed significant varietal differences. The main fatty acids of total lipids were linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids, which comprised over $80\%$ of the total fatty acids. Yakkong, Hwanggumkong and Hukae contained 2491.4 $\mu$g, 2176.8 $\mu$g and 1893.5$\mu$g of isoflavone in each gram of dry matter, respectively, and existed mainly as glycoside isomers. Oligosaccharide contents were similar among the cultivars. The total concentration of phytic acid was $2.63\%$ of Hwanggumkong, $2.12\%$ of Yakkong and $2.80\%$ of Huktae.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2009

Jayoung was bred within the potato breeding program of Highland Agriculture Research Center (HARC), National Institute of Crop Science. It was originated from a cross made between Atlantic as a female and AG34314 as a male parent in 2003. Jayoung was evaluated as a clone number Daegwan 1-104 for the growth and tuber characteristics, yielding ability, and resistance to major potato diseases in the regional yield trials from 2006 to 2007. Finally, this clone was renamed as Jayoung and was presented to Korean Seed & Variety Service in 2007 for registration as a new potato cultivar. Jayoung has a oval shape, shallow eye depth, dark purple skinned and fleshed tuber characteristics. Its mean tuber yields from the regional yield trials was 37.3 MT/ha, and it showed the highest yield in spring cropping. Jayoung showed high resistance to both common scab (Streptomyces scabies) and potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), however it was susceptible to late blight (Phytophthora infestans). The dry matter content of Jayoung was fairy high 20.3%, therefore it is suitable for both chip processing and table usage. Its anthocyanin content was the highest in autumn cropping as 43.7 mg/100 g fresh weight and its mean anthocyanin content was 4.7 times higher than that of Jasim.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.1705-1714
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• 2019

Objective: Reducing roughage feeding without negatively affecting rumen health is of interest in ruminant nutrition. We investigated the effects of roughage sources and concentrate types on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolite levels in growing cattle. Methods: In this 24-week trial, 24 Hanwoo cattle ($224{\pm}24.7kg$) were fed similar nitrous and energy levels of total mixed ration formulated using two kinds of roughage (timothy hay and ryegrass straw) and two types of concentrate mixes (high starch [HS] and high fiber [HF]). The treatments were arranged in a $2{\times}2$ factorial, consisting of 32% timothy-68% HS, 24% timothy-76% HF, 24% ryegrass-76% HS, and 17% ryegrass-83% HF. Daily feed intakes were measured. Every four weeks, blood were sampled, and body weight was measured before morning feeding. Every eight weeks, rumen fluid was collected using a stomach tube over five consecutive days. Results: The mean dry matter intake (7.33 kg) and average daily gain (1,033 g) did not differ among treatments. However, significant interactions between roughage source and concentrate type were observed for the rumen and blood parameters (p<0.05). Total volatile fatty acid concentration was highest (p<0.05) in timothy-HF-fed calves. With ryegrass as the roughage source, decreasing the roughage inclusion rate increased the molar proportion of propionate and decreased the acetate-to-propionate ratio; the opposite was observed with timothy as the roughage source. Similarly, the effects of concentrate types on plasma total protein, alanine transaminase, Ca, inorganic P, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine concentrations differed with roughage source (p<0.05). Conclusion: Decreasing the dietary roughage inclusion rate by replacing forage neutral detergent fiber with that from non-roughage fiber source might be a feasible feeding practice in growing cattle. A combination of low-quality roughage with a high fiber concentrate might be economically beneficial.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1499-1513
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of dietary essential oils (EOs) on productive performance, nutrient digestibility, and serum metabolite profiles of broiler chickens and to compare their effectiveness as growth-promoting additives against antibiotics. Methods: Peer-reviewed articles were retrieved from Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, and Google scholar and selected based on pre-determined criteria. A total of 41 articles containing 55 experiments with 163 treatment units were eligible for analyses. Data were subjected to a meta-analysis based on mixed model methodology considering the doses of EOs as fixed effects and the different studies as random effects. Results: Results showed a linear increase (p<0.001) on body weight gain (BWG) where Antibiotics (FCR) and average daily feed intake decreased (p<0.001) linearly with an increasing dose of EOs. Positive effects were observed on the increased (p<0.01) digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, and cecal Lactobacillus while Escherichia coli (E. coli) population in the cecum decreased (p<0.001) linearly. There was a quadratic effect on the weight of gizzard (p<0.01), spleen (p<0.05), bursa of fabricius (p<0.001), and liver (p<0.10) while carcass, abdominal fat, and pancreas increased (p<0.01) linearly. The dose of EOs linearly increased high density lipoprotein, glucose, protein, and globulin concentrations (p<0.01). In comparison to control and antibiotics, all type of EOs significantly reduced (p<0.001) FCR and tended to increase (p<0.1) BWG and final body weight. Cinnamaldehyde-compound was the only EOs type showing a tendency to increase (p<0.1) carcass weight, albumin, and protein of serum metabolites while this EOs together with EOs-Blend 1 decreased (p<0.01) E. coli population. Low density lipoprotein concentration decreased (p<0.05) with antibiotics and carvacrol-based compound when compared to the control group. Conclusion: This evidence confirms that EOs are suitable to be used as growth promoters and their economical benefit appears to be promising.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.1616-1622
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• 2021

Objective: Bioactive compounds in ruminant products are related to functional compounds in their diets. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of forage sources, Italian ryegrass (IR) silage vs corn silage (CS) in the total mixed ration (TMR), on milk production, milk composition, and phytanic acid content in milk, as well as on the extent of conversion of dietary phytol to milk phytanic acid. Methods: Phytanic acid content in milk was investigated for cows fed a TMR containing either IR silage or CS using 17 cows over three periods of 21 days each. In periods 1 and 3, cows were fed CS-based TMR (30% CS), while in period 2, cows were fed IR silage-based TMR (20% IR silage and10% CS). Results: The results showed that there were no differences in fat, protein, lactose, solids-not-fat, somatic cell count, and fatty acid composition of milk among the three experimental periods. There were no differences in the plasma concentration of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and nonesterified fatty acids among the three experimental periods, while the blood urea nitrogen was higher (p<0.05) in period 2. The milk phytanic acid content was higher (p<0.05) in period 2 (13.9 mg/kg) compared with periods 1 (9.30 mg/kg) and 3 (8.80 mg/kg). Also, the phytanic acid content in the feces was higher (p<0.05) in period 2 (1.65 mg/kg dry matter [DM]) compared with period 1 (1.15 mg/kg DM), and 3 (1.17 mg/kg DM). Although the phytol contents in feces did not differ among the three feeding periods, the conversion ratio from dietary phytol to milk phytanic acid was estimated to be only 2.6%. Conclusion: Phytanic acid content in cow's milk increases with increasing phytol content in diets. However, phytol might not be completely metabolized in the rumen and phytanic acid, in turn, might not be completely recovered into cow's milk. The change of phytanic acid content in milk may be positively correlated with the change of phytol in the diet within a short time.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.775-787
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate for the natural methane emission inhibitor as a feed additive no adversely effect on rumen fermentation. Five different Control (Wheat barn (0.05 g), MRA(Methane Reduction Additive)-1 (Allium fistulosum L. (0.05 g)), MRA-2 (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (0.025 g) + Wheat barn (0.025 g) mixed), MRA-3 (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (0.025 g) + Wheat barn (0.025 g) mixed), and MRA-4 (Allium fistulosum L. (0.02 g) + Tannic acid (0.02 g) + Wheat barn (0.01 g) mixed) contents were used to perform 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 and 48 h incubation for in vitro fermentation. Ruminal pH values were ranged within normal ruminal microbial fermentation. Dry matter digestibility was not significantly different across the treatments during the whole fermentation time. Also, the result of microbial growth had no adversely effect on during the whole fermentation time. At 24 h, methane emission was significantly lower (P<0.05) than all treatments except to MRA-1. Especially, MRA-4 carbon dioxide emission was significantly lower (P<0.05) than control at 9, 24 and 48 h incubation. In addition MRA-4 propionate concentration was significantly higher (P<0.05) than control at 24 h incubation. The result of RT-PCR Ciliate-associated methanogens were significantly lower (P<0.05) at MRA-1, MRA-3 and MRA-4 than control at 24 h incubation. Based on the present results, MRA-4 could be suggestible methane emission inhibitor as a natural feed additive.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.375-386
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• 2019

Objective: We hypothesized that silage additives may alter the undigested neutral detergent fiber (uNDF) content through ensiling. Therefore, urea and formic acid were applied to corn, whole barley crop (WBC) and alfalfa to change uNDF content of the ensiled forages. Methods: Six experimental diets at two groups of high uNDF (untreated corn and alfalfa silages [CSAS] and untreated whole barley and alfalfa silages [BSAS]) and low uNDF (urea-treated corn silage+untreated alfalfa silage [$CS_UAS$], urea-treated whole barley silage+untreated alfalfa silage [$BS_UAS$], untreated corn silage+formic acid-treated alfalfa silage [$CSAS_F$], and untreated whole barley silage+formic acid-treated alfalfa silage [$BSAS_F$]), were allocated to thirty-six multiparous lactating Holstein dairy cows. Results: The untreated silages were higher in uNDF than additive treated silages, but the uNDF concentrations among silages were variable (corn silage0.05). Milk yield tended to increase in the cows fed high uNDF diets than those fed low uNDF (p = 0.10). The cows fed diet based on urea-treated corn silage had higher milk yield than those fed other silages (p = 0.05). The substitution of corn silage with the WBC silage tended to decrease milk production (p = 0.07). Changing the physical source of NDF supply and the uNDF content from the corn silage to the WBC silage caused a significant increase in ruminal $NH_3-N$ concentration, milk urea-N and fat yield (p<0.05). The cows fed diets based on WBC silage experienced greater rumination time than the cows fed corn silage (p<0.05). Conclusion: Administering additives to silages to reduce uNDF may improve the performance of Holstein dairy cows.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1137-1144
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• 2019

Objective: This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of Agave tequilana inulin and Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) on growth performace, hematological variables, serum metabolites, and total coliforms in nursing lambs. Methods: The experimental design was completely randomized; treatments were T1, control (pre-starter concentrate, PC), T2: T1+2% inulin, and T3: T1+2% inulin+L. casei; treatments were compared with Tukey test ($p{\leq}0.05$); and 45 new born $Kathadin{\times}Dorset lambs$ ($4.8{\pm}0.8kg$ birth weight) were the experimental units (15 per treatment). The variables were daily weight gain (DWG), dry matter intake and diarrheas incidence (%) during 56 d. Twenty-four hours after birth and at the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected to evaluate hematological variables and serum metabolites. Besides, the populations of total coliforms and lactobacilli were estimated in fecal samples. Results: Addition of agave inulin and L. casei increased ($p{\leq}0.05$) DWG 356, 384, and 415 g/d, weaning weight 24.92, 26.18, and 28.07 kg, as well as lactobacilli population 5.79, 6.32, and $6.48Log_{10}cfu/g$, for T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Lambs fed L. casei had decreased ($p{\leq}0.05$) populations of total coliforms (T1 = 6.18, T2 = 5.77, and $T3=5.07Log_{10}cfu/g$), diarrheas incidence (T1 = 11.67%, T2 = 8.33%, and T3 = 5.0%), and serum cholesterol concentration (11% in T2 and 13% in T3, compared to control). Conclusion: The combination of Agave tequilana inulin and L. casei increases weight gain and improves intestinal health by reducing coliforms and diarrheas incidence in $Katahdin{\times}Dorset$ lambs during the pre-weaning period.