Horticultural Science & Technology (원예과학기술지)

Korean Society of Horticultural Science (한국원예학회)
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Current Research Status of Postharvest Technology of Onion (Allium cepa L.)

양파(Allium cepa L.) 수확후 관리기술 최근 연구 동향

  • Cho, Jung-Eun (Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University) ;
  • Bae, Ro-Na (National Instrument Center for Environmental Management, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lee, Seung-Koo (Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University)
  • 조정은 (서울대학교 식물생산과학부) ;
  • 배로나 (서울대학교 농생명과학공동기기원) ;
  • 이승구 (서울대학교 식물생산과학부)
  • Received : 2009.09.15
  • Accepted : 2010.02.06
  • Published : 2010.06.30
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Abstract

Onion has been reported to contain various organosulfur compounds which have antibiotic and anticarcinogenic properties and flavonoid like quercetin which is a valuable natural source of antioxidants. Carbohydrates in onion constitute about 80% of dry matter, and the major non-structural carbohydrate of onion bulb is fructo-oligosaccharides, well known as fructan, followed by glucose, fructose, and sucrose. The sugar concentration is associated with dormancy and storage life of onion, occurring as decrease in glucose, fructose and fructan, particularly towards the end of storage. Forced air pre-drying for 15-20 days at room temperature is an essential procedure to reduce freezing injury and sprouting, then onion bulbs can be stored at $0^{\circ}C$ for 6 months to control sprouting and decay. Bacterial soft rot caused by $Erwinia$ and $Pseudomonas$ is the main postharvest disease when the bulbs are infected with the bacteria and stored at room temperature. Browning in sliced onion is due to oxidation of phenolic compounds by polyphenol oxidase and it can be inhibited by citric acid treatment, packing with nitrogen gas, and polyethylene film.

양파는 항생 및 항암작용을 나타내 심장 질환 및 성인병에 효과적인 다양한 유황화합물과 항산화 작용이 뛰어난 flavonoid를 다량 함유하고 있다. 양파는 건물중의 80%를 당이 차지할 정도로 당 함량이 높으며, 주요 당은 fructan으로 잘 알려진 fructo-oligosaccharide이며 그 외 glucose, fructose, sucrose 등이 있다. 당 함량은 양파의 저장성에도 큰 영향을 미쳐서 당 함량이 높을수록 저장성이 좋으며, 저장 말기로 갈수록 glucose, fructose, 그리고 fructan 등의 감소가 일어난다. 충분한 예건이 이루어지지 않을 경우 냉해를 입을 수 있으므로 수확후 상온에서 15-20일간 차압송풍예건을 실시해야 한다. 예건실시후 $0^{\circ}C$에서 저장해야 맹아신장 및 부패를 막아 저장수명을 연장할 수 있다. 양파의 대표적인 저장 장해는 $Erwinia$와 $Pseudomonas$에 의해 발생하는 무름병이며, 병에 감염된 양파를 상온 저장시 발병율이 높아진다. 최근 신선편이 제품이 많이 출시되고 있으며, 신선편이 제품의 저장수명 연장을 위한 연구가 수행되고 있다. 신선편이 양파에서 발생하는 갈변현상은 polyphenol oxidase가 주 원인인 산화반응으로 유기산, 질소충진 포장 및 PE 필름 포장 등으로 억제하고 있다.

Keywords

References

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