• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1259-1266
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• 2018

Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the possible application of Broussonetia papyrifera (B. papyrifera) silage as a functional feeding stuff in dairy cattle. Methods: Seventy-two Holstein cows were divided into four groups randomly and allocated to 6 pens with 3 individuals in each group and fed the original total mixed ratio (TMR) in the dairy farm or the new TMR with 5%, 10%, and 15% B. papyrifera silage, separately. Feed intake were recorded, milk and blood samples were collected, and milk composition, blood metabolites and milk fatty acids composition were measure at the end of the experiment. Results: Dry matter intake of cows decreased when they fed on diet with B. papyrifera, but no differences were observed in body condition score, milk yield, milk protein and lactose, feed efficiency and serum metabolites between groups. Both 10% or 15% of B. papyrifera silage in the diet significantly increased the immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG in serum, 15% of B. papyrifera silage increased the content of serum catalase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and decreased the content of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Furthermore, 10% or 15% of B. papyrifera silage resulted in a significant decrease in the milk somatic cell count, and increased the polyunsaturated fatty acids content in the milk. Conclusion: The diets with 10% to 15% of B. papyrifera silage might enhance the immune and antioxidant function of dairy cows and increase the polyunstaturated fatty acid concentration in the milk.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.360-370
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• 2019

Woody crops cultivated in short-rotation coppices are attractive sources of lignocellulosic materials for bioethanol production, since they are some of the most abundant renewable resources. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the growth period on bioethanol production using short-rotation woody crops (Populus nigra ${\times}$ Populus maxiwiczii, Populus euramericana, Populus alba ${\times}$ Populus glandulosa, and Salix alba). The carbohydrate contents of 3-year-old and 12-year-old short-rotation woody crop branches were 62.1-68.5% and 64.0-67.1%, respectively. The chemical compositions of 3-year-old and 12-year-old short-rotation woody crop branches did not vary significantly depending upon the growth period. However, the 3-year-old short-rotation woody crop branches (glucose conversion: 26-40%) were hydrolyzed more easily than their 12-year-old counterparts (glucose conversion: 19-24%). Furthermore, following the fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysates from the crop branch samples (by Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCTC 7296) to ethanol, the ethanol concentration of short rotation coppice woody crops was found to be higher in the 3-year-old branch samples (~ 0.18 g/g dry matter) than in the 12-year-old branch samples (~ 0.14 g/g dry matter). These results suggest that immature wood (3-year-old branches) from short-rotation woody crops could be a promising feedstock for bioethanol production.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.1134-1145
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with Allium mongolicum Regel extracts on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, fat color, and concentrations of three branched-chain fatty acids related to flavor in ram lambs. Methods: Sixty 3-month-old, male, small-tailed Han sheep were selected and randomly allocated into four groups in a randomized block design. Four feeding treatments were used: i) a basal diet without supplementation as the control group (CK); ii) the basal diet supplemented with 10 g/lamb/d Allium mongolicum Regel powder as the AMR group; iii) the basal diet supplemented with 3.4 g/lamb/d Allium mongolicum Regel water extract as the AWE group; and iv) the basal diet supplemented with 2.8 g/lamb/d Allium mongolicum Regel ethanol extract as the AFE group. Results: The results demonstrated that the dry matter intake was lower for the AFE group than that in other groups (p = 0.001). The feed conversion ratio was greater for the AFE than that in other groups (p = 0.039). Dietary supplementation with Allium mongolicum Regel powder and its extracts decreased the concentrations of 4-methyloctanoic acid (MOA) (p<0.001), 4-ethyloctanoic acid (EOA) (p<0.001), and 4-methylnonanoic acid (MNA) (p = 0.044) in perirenal adipose tissue compared to those observed in the CK lambs. Dietary supplementation with Allium mongolicum Regel powder and its extracts decreased the concentrations of MOA (p<0.001) and EOA (p<0.001) in dorsal subcutaneous adipose tissue compared to those in the CK lambs. The concentrations of MOA (p<0.001) and EOA (p = 0.002) in omental adipose tissue were significantly affected by treatment, although there was a tendency for lower MNA (p = 0.062) in AMR, AWE, and AFE lambs than that in CK lambs. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that Allium mongolicum Regel and its extracts could significantly promote feed efficiency, although dry matter intake decreased and could decrease the MOA and EOA concentrations related to characteristic flavor and odor of body fat in lambs, except for tail adipose tissue.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1600-1606
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• 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to enhance our understanding of nitrogen (N) metabolism and mammary amino acid (AA) utilization in lactating cows with divergent phenotypes of residual feed intake (RFI). Methods: Fifty-three multiparous mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows were selected for RFI measurements over a 50-d experimental period. The 26 cows with the most extreme RFI values were classified into the high RFI (n = 13) and low RFI (n = 13) groups, respectively, for analysis of N metabolism and AA utilization. Results: Compared with the high RFI cows, the low RFI animals had lower dry matter intake (p<0.01) with no difference observed in milk yield between the two groups (p>0.10). However, higher ratios of milk yield to dry matter intake (p<0.01) were found in the low RFI cows than in the high RFI cows. The low RFI cows had significant greater ratios of milk protein to metabolizable protein (p = 0.02) and milk protein to crude protein intake than the high RFI cows (p = 0.01). The arterial concentration and mammary uptake of essential AA (p<0.10), branched-chain AA (p<0.10), and total AA (p<0.10) tended to be lower in the low RFI cows. Additionally, the low RFI cows tended to have a lower ratio of AA uptake to milk output for essential AA (p = 0.08), branched-chain AA (p = 0.07) and total AA (p = 0.09) than the high RFI cows. Conclusion: In summary, both utilization of metabolizable protein for milk protein and mammary AA utilization are more efficient in cows with lower RFI than in the high RFI cows. Our results provide new insight into the protein metabolic processes (related to N and AA) involved in feed efficiency.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.908-919
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• 2023

Objective: Information about the chemical composition of cassava-based feed ingredients is needed to accurately formulate animal diets. A study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of cassava-based feed ingredients and to test the hypothesis that there is variation in chemical composition among cassava products originating from different South-East Asian countries. Methods: Sources of dried peeled and unpeeled cassava roots, cassava chips, cassava meal, high-ash cassava meal, and cassava residue were used. All samples were analyzed for dry matter, gross energy, nitrogen, amino acids (AA), acid-hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE), ash, minerals, total starch, insoluble dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber. Samples of peeled and unpeeled cassava roots, cassava chips, and cassava meal were also analyzed for sugars. Results: High-ash cassava meal had greater (p<0.05) dry matter and ash, but lower (p<0.05) total starch and gross energy than all other cassava products. Peeled cassava roots, unpeeled cassava roots, and cassava chips had greater (p<0.05) total starch than the other cassava-based ingredients. Cassava residue had greater (p<0.05) concentrations of lysine, insoluble dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber compared with the other cassava products, but tryptophan and glutamic acid were greater (p<0.05) in peeled cassava roots, cassava chips, and cassava meal samples compared with the other ingredients. Concentration of most minerals was greater (p<0.05) in high-ash cassava meal than in the other cassava products. Conclusion: Cassava-based ingredients sold as peeled roots, unpeeled roots, chips, or meal have chemical compositions that are not different from each other, and peeling has little impact on chemical composition. High-ash cassava meal has lower nutritional quality compared with other cassava products due to low starch and gross energy. The high fiber content in cassava residue makes this ingredient more suitable for ruminants and sows than for younger pigs or poultry.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.218-227
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• 2024

Objective: The aim of this research was to explore the effects of dietary substitution of alfalfa hay by amaranth hay on production performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical parameters and antioxidant ability in dairy cows. Methods: A total of 45 healthy Holstein cows with same parity and similar milk yield and body weight were randomly divided into 3 groups: control diet without amaranth hay (CON) or 50% and 100% alfalfa hay replaced by an equal amount of amaranth hay (dry matter basis, AH1 and AH2, respectively). All the cows were fed regularly 3 times a day at 06:30, 14:30, and 22:30 and had free access to water. The experiment lasted for 60 d. Results: The dry matter intake of CON and AH1 groups was higher (p<0.05) than that of AH2 group. Compared with AH1 group, the milk yield of AH2 group was reduced (p<0.05). Moreover, dietary substitution of alfalfa hay by amaranth hay increased (p<0.05) milk fat, ammonia nitrogen and acetate concentrations. However, the crude protein digestibility of AH2 group was lower (p<0.05) than that of CON group, while an opposite tendency of serum urea nitrogen was found between two groups. The neutral detergent fiber digestibility of AH1 group was increased (p<0.05) when compared to AH2 group. Amaranth hay treatment increased (p<0.05) the serum concentration of glutathione peroxidase in dairy cows. Compared with CON group, the malonaldehyde activity of AH1 group was decreased (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dietary replacing alfalfa hay with amaranth hay (50% ratio) in dairy cows did not affect production performance but improved their antioxidant ability.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.74-83
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• 2024

Objective: Mitragyna speciosa Korth is traditionally used in Thailand. They have a high level of antioxidant capacities and bioactive compounds, the potential to modulate rumen fermentation and decrease methane production. The aim of the study was to investigate the different levels of microencapsulated-Mitragyna leaves extracts (MMLE) supplementation on nutrient degradability, rumen ecology, microbial dynamics, and methane production in an in vitro study. Methods: A completely randomized design was used to assign the experimental treatments, MMLE was supplemented at 0%, 4%, 6%, and 8% of the total dry matter (DM) substrate. Results: The addition of MMLE significantly increased in vitro dry matter degradability both at 12, 24, and 48 h, while ammonia-nitrogen (NH₃-N) concentration was improved with MMLE supplementation. The MMLE had the greatest propionate and total volatile fatty acid production when added with 6% of total DM substrate, while decreased the methane production (12, 24, and 48 h). Furthermore, the microbial population of cellulolytic bacteria and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens were increased, whilst Methanobacteriales was decreased with MMLE feeding. Conclusion: The results indicated that MMLE could be a potential alternative plant-based bioactive compound supplement to be used as ruminant feed additives.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2008

본 실험은 비지박 및 맥주박 알코올 발효사료 처리가 반추위내 발효특성 및 건물 분해율에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 실시하였다. 공시동물은 반추위 cannula가 장착된 한우에 비지박 알코올 발효사료(AFS) 및 맥주박 알코올 발효사료(AFB)를 급여한 후 시간별(0, 2, 4, 6, 8 및 12시간) 반추위내에서 알코올 함량, pH 변화, ammonia 함량, 휘발성지방산 함량 및 건물 분해율을 조사하였다. 시험구 처리는 대조구와 비지박(DM 20%)과 시판중인 배합사료(DM 87%)를 각각 50:50의 비율로 혼합하고 당밀 5%, yeast 0.5%를 첨가한 후 30C에서 24시간 혐기적으로 배양한 AFS구 및 맥주박(DM 25%), 비지박(DM 20%), 옥분 및 시판중인 배합사료를 각각 25:25:25:25의 비율로 혼합하고 당밀 5%, yeast 0.5을 첨가한 후 제조한 AFB로 나누어 실시하였다. 반추위내 ammonia 농도는 배양 2시간에 비지박 및 맥주박 알코올 발효사료 처리구들이 대조구에 비해 현저히 높았으나 배양 6시간에는 비지박 및 맥주박 알코올 발효사료급여구들이 대조구 보다 유의적으로 낮은 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). 반추위내 pH는 비지박 및 맥주박 알코올 발효사료처리구들이 대조구보다 현저하게 낮게 나타났으며(p<0.05), 배양시간이 경과하면서 점차 대조구와 유사한 결과를 보였다. 비지박 및 맥주박 알코올 발효사료 처리구들의 반추위내 알코올 농도는 반추위내 배양 4시간에 대조구에 비해 현저히 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05), 배양 6시간에는 대조구와 알코올 발효사료 처리구간에 유사한 결과를 보였다. 반추위내 총휘발성지방산 함량은 반추위내 배양초기(2시간)에 비지박 및 맥주박 알코올 발효사료처리구와 대조구간에 유사한 경향을 보였으나 배양시간이 경과함에 따라 비지박 및 맥주박 알코올 발효사료처리구들이 대조구보다 유의적으로 감소하는 결과로 나타났다(p<0.05). 비지박 및 맥주박 알코올 발효사료 처리구의 가용성건물 함량은(S) 대조구에 비해 낮은 결과를 보였으나(p<0.05), 반추위내 분해성 부분은(D) 비지박 및 맥주박 알코올 발효사료 처리구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높은 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과로 볼때 산업부산물인 비지박과 맥주박을 이용하여 알코올 발효사료를 제조하면 가축의 생산성을 향상시킬 수 있는 사료자원의 가능성이 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2004

균류발효물질의 사료가치를 평가하고 착유우 사료에 대한 발효물질 첨가가 in vitro 반추위액 발효상태 증진 효과를 규명하기 위하여 비발효(Unfermented; UF)구와 Formitella flaxinea(FF)와 Sarcodon aspratus(SA)에 의한 톱밥+소맥피 배양물 성분변화와 48시간 발효 후 소화율을 측정하고 기본유우사료 (Basal diet)에 이들 발효물을 0, 1, 3 및 5%를 첨가하여 in vitro 건물소화율, pH 및 용해성 당류의 변화 등을 규명하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 발효물의 영양소 함량변화는 Neutral detergent fiber(NDF)에서 차이가 크게 나타났는데 SA와 UF(80.4와 82.2%)가 FF(88.3%)에 비해 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). In vitro 반추위 소화시험(48시간)에서는 SA(21.2%)가 UF와 FF(17.9 및 12.2%)보다 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 2. 균류 첨가 사료에 대한 건물소화율을 발효 24시간에서 기본사료(44.98%)에 비하여 FF 1%(49.18%)에서 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 기타 균류첨가사료에서는 높게 나타나는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 발효 48 및 72시간에서는 기본사료와 첨가사료간에 유의차가 나타나지 않았다. 3. 반추위 pH는 발효 24시간 및 48시간에서 기본사료(6.64 및 6.91)에 비하여 첨가사료가 낮은 경향(5.37~6.01 및 6.04~6.07)을 보였으며 (P<0.05), 발효 72시간에서는 SA 1%(6.74)가 기본사료(6.41)에 대하여 높게 나타났으나(P<0.05) 기타 첨가구에서는 유의차가 나타나지 않았다. 4. 가용성당 함량은 발효 24시간에서는 기본사료 첨가구에서 유의차가 보이지 않았으나 48시간은 기본사료(1.44%)에 비하여 SA 5%(1.71)에서 높게 나타났고 발효72시간에서는 기본사료(1.44%)에 비하여 첨가구사료(1.64~1.74%)가 모두 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 5. 이상의 결과로 보아 균류발효물질의 사료나 사료 첨가제로서 in vitro 반추위 소화율 증진 효과가 나타났고 가용성당함량 증가효과도 보였다. 따라서 앞으로 첨가제를 순수한 균사로만 분리 제조하면 효과가 더욱 증진될 것으로 기대되며 톱밥균류 발효물질 전체를 사료의 5%내에서 이용효과도 기대된다고 판단되었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2011

본 연구는 논에서 이탈리안 라이그라스와 두과 사료작물 혼파에 의한 생산성을 구명코자 전라남도농업기술원에서 2004년부터 2008년까지 수행하였다. 처리내용은 이탈리안 라이그라스(코윈어리 품종) 단파에 자운영, forage pea, crimson clover 그리고 hairy vetch을 혼파하는 5처리 3반복으로 실시하였다. 그리고 이탈리안 라이그라스와 두과 사료작물 혼파비율은 단파 기준으로 70:30 비율로 혼파하였다. 논에서 이탈리안 라이그라스 단파와 두과 사료작물 혼파에 의한 건물률은 23.6~26.8%였고 혼파에 따른 건물률은 비슷하였다. 그리고 이탈리안 라이그라스와 forage pea와 혼파에 의한 생초 및 조단백질 수량은 각각 ha당 40,100 kg, 그리고 625 kg/ha으로 유의적으로 많았다(p<0.05). 또한 건물수량은 이탈리안 라이그라스와 forage pea 그리고 hairy vetch 혼파시 ha당 각각 9,470 kg 그리고 9,500 kg 유의적으로 많았다(p<0.05). 이탈리안 라이그라스와 forage pea 혼파 토양의 유효인산 함량이 78 mg /kg으로 많았으며, 이탈리안 라이그라스 단파 K 함량보다 혼파시 0.52~0.88$cmol^+$/kg으로 훨씬 높았다. 따라서 논에서 이탈리안 라이그라스와 forage pea을 혼파하여 건물수량, 조단백질 수량의 증가 및 재배의 안정성 제고에 효과적이었으며, 이탈리안 라이그라스 단파보다는 혼파재배가 바람직한 것으로 평가되었다.