DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of dietary supplementation with Allium mongolicum Regel extracts on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and the fat color and flavor-related branched-chain fatty acids concentration in ram lambs

  • Liu, Wangjing (College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University) ;
  • Ao, Changjin (Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University)
  • Received : 2020.04.21
  • Accepted : 2020.10.05
  • Published : 2021.07.01

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with Allium mongolicum Regel extracts on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, fat color, and concentrations of three branched-chain fatty acids related to flavor in ram lambs. Methods: Sixty 3-month-old, male, small-tailed Han sheep were selected and randomly allocated into four groups in a randomized block design. Four feeding treatments were used: i) a basal diet without supplementation as the control group (CK); ii) the basal diet supplemented with 10 g/lamb/d Allium mongolicum Regel powder as the AMR group; iii) the basal diet supplemented with 3.4 g/lamb/d Allium mongolicum Regel water extract as the AWE group; and iv) the basal diet supplemented with 2.8 g/lamb/d Allium mongolicum Regel ethanol extract as the AFE group. Results: The results demonstrated that the dry matter intake was lower for the AFE group than that in other groups (p = 0.001). The feed conversion ratio was greater for the AFE than that in other groups (p = 0.039). Dietary supplementation with Allium mongolicum Regel powder and its extracts decreased the concentrations of 4-methyloctanoic acid (MOA) (p<0.001), 4-ethyloctanoic acid (EOA) (p<0.001), and 4-methylnonanoic acid (MNA) (p = 0.044) in perirenal adipose tissue compared to those observed in the CK lambs. Dietary supplementation with Allium mongolicum Regel powder and its extracts decreased the concentrations of MOA (p<0.001) and EOA (p<0.001) in dorsal subcutaneous adipose tissue compared to those in the CK lambs. The concentrations of MOA (p<0.001) and EOA (p = 0.002) in omental adipose tissue were significantly affected by treatment, although there was a tendency for lower MNA (p = 0.062) in AMR, AWE, and AFE lambs than that in CK lambs. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that Allium mongolicum Regel and its extracts could significantly promote feed efficiency, although dry matter intake decreased and could decrease the MOA and EOA concentrations related to characteristic flavor and odor of body fat in lambs, except for tail adipose tissue.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors thank Fuchuan Inner Mongolia Farming Polytron Technologies Inc. for providing access to the experimental site. This work was supported by the Gansu Agricultural University Research Innovation Fund-Publicly recruited doctoral research start-up fund, under Grand number GAU-KYQD-2020-34, and Inner Mongolia Agricultural University "Double first class" talent cultivation program, under Grand number NDSC2018-03 and the Key Grant for Special for College of Animal Science in Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, under Grand number BZCG201902.

References

  1. Ronquillo MG, Hernandez JCA. Antibiotic and synthetic growth promoters in animal diets: review of impact and analytical methods. Food Control 2017;72:255-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.03.001
  2. Gonzalez-Rios H, Davila-Ramirez JL, Pena-Ramos EA, et al. Dietary supplementation of ferulic acid to steers under commercial feedlot feeding conditions improves meat quality and shelf life. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016;222:111-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.10.011
  3. Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Dietary polyphenols as potential nutraceuticals in management of diabetes: a review. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2013;12:43. https://doi.org/10.1186/2251-6581-12-43
  4. Perez-Fonseca A, Alcala-Canto Y, Salem AZM, Alberti-Navarro AB. Anticoccidial efficacy of naringenin and a grapefruit peel extract in growing lambs naturally-infected with Eimeria spp. Vet Parasitol 2016;232:58-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.11.009
  5. Vakili AR, Khorrami B, Mesgaran MD, Parand E. The effects of thyme and cinnamon essential oils on performance, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites in holstein calves consuming high concentrate diet. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2013;26:935-44. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2012.12636
  6. Jiang H, Wang Z, Ma Y, et al. Effect of dietary lycopene supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, fatty acid profile and meat lipid oxidation in lambs in summer conditions. Small Rumin Res 2015;131:99-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.08.017
  7. Kotsampasi B, Christodoulou V, Zotos A, et al. Effects of dietary pomegranate byproduct silage supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of growing lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014;197:92-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.09.003
  8. Kaffarnik S, Heid C, Kayademir Y, Eibler D, Vetter W. High enantiomeric excess of the flavor relevant 4-alkyl-branched Fatty acids in milk fat and subcutaneous adipose tissue of sheep and goat. J Agric Food Chem 2015;63:469-75. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf505452u
  9. Kaffarnik S, Preuβ S, Vetter W. Direct determination of flavor relevant and further branched-chain fatty acids from sheep subcutaneous adipose tissue by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014;1350:92-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.034
  10. Watkins PJ, Frank D, Singh TK, Young OA, Warner RD. Sheepmeat flavor and the effect of different feeding systems: a review. J Agric Food Chem 2013;61:3561-79. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf303768e
  11. Salvatore L, Allen D, Butler KL, et al. Factors affecting the concentration of short branched-chain fatty acids in sheep fat. Aust J Exp Agric 2007;47:1201-7. https://doi.org/10.1071/EA07037
  12. Priolo A, Vasta V, Fasone V, et al. Meat odour and flavour and indoles concentration in ruminal fluid and adipose tissue of lambs fed green herbage or concentrates with or without tannins. Animal 2009;3:454-60. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731108003662
  13. Mu C, Yang W, Wang P, Zhao J, Hao X, Zhang J. Effects of high-concentrate diet supplemented with grape seed proanthocyanidins on growth performance, liver function, meat quality, and antioxidant activity in finishing lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020;266:114518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114518
  14. Li MY, Zhu XM, Niu XT, et al. Effects of dietary Allium mongolicum Regel polysaccharide on growth, lipopolysaccharide-induced antioxidant responses and immune responses in Channa argus. Mol Biol Rep 2019;46:2221-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-019-04677-y
  15. Liu W, Ding H, Erdene K, Chen R, Mu Q, Ao C. Effects of flavonoids from Allium mongolicum Regel as a dietary additive on meat quality and composition of fatty acids related to flavor in lambs. Can J Anim Sci 2018;99:15-23. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2018-0008
  16. Wang W, Li J, Zhang H, Wang X, Fan J, Zhang X. Phenolic compounds and bioactivity evaluation of aqueous and methanol extracts of Allium mongolicum Regel. Food Sci Nutr 2019;7:779-87. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.926
  17. Du H, Erdene K, Chen S, et al. Correlation of the rumen fluid microbiome and the average daily gain with a dietary supplementation of Allium mongolicum Regel extracts in sheep. J Anim Sci 2019;97:2865-77. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz139
  18. Santos VAC, Silva AO, Cardoso JVF, et al. Genotype and sex effects on carcass and meat quality of suckling kids protected by the PGI "Cabrito de Barroso". Meat Sci 2007;75:725-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.10.003
  19. AOAC International. Official methods of analysis. Arlington, VA, USA: AOAC International; 2000.
  20. Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci 1991;74:3583-97. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
  21. Guerrero A, Sanudo C, Campo MM, et al. Effect of linseed supplementation level and feeding duration on performance, carcass and meat quality of cull ewes. Small Rumin Res 2018; 167:70-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.07.014
  22. Watkins PJ, Rose G, Salvatore L, et al. Age and nutrition influence the concentrations of three branched chain fatty acids in sheep fat from Australian abattoirs. Meat Sci 2010;86:594-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.04.009
  23. SAS Institute Inc. SAS/STAT User's guide: statistics. Cary, NC, USA: Statistical Analysis System Institute Inc; 2002.
  24. Duncan DB. Multiple ranges and multiple "F" test. Biometrics 1955;11:1-42. https://doi.org/10.2307/3001478
  25. Slimen IB, Chniter M, Najar T, Ghram A. Meta-analysis of some physiologic, metabolic and oxidative responses of sheep exposed to environmental heat stress. Livest Sci 2019;229:179-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2019.09.026
  26. Lai YS, Chen WC, Ho CT, et al. Garlic essential oil protects against obesity-triggered nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through modulation of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. J Agric Food Chem 2014;62:5897-906. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf500803c
  27. Cho JH, Kim HJ, Kim IH. Effects of phytogenic feed additive on growth performance, digestibility, blood metabolites, intestinal microbiota, meat color and relative organ weight after oral challenge with Clostridium perfringens in broilers. Livest Sci 2014;160:82-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2013.11.006
  28. Li M, Zhu X, Tian J, Liu M, Wang G. Dietary flavonoids from Allium mongolicum regel promotes growth, improves immune, antioxidant status, immune-related signaling molecules and disease resistance in juvenile northern snakehead fish (Channa argus). Aquaculture 2019;501:473-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.12.011
  29. Enser M, Hallett KG, Hewett B, Fursey GAJ, Wood JD, Harrington G. Fatty acid content and composition of UK beef and lamb muscle in relation to production system and implications for human nutrition. Meat Sci 1998;49:329-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(97)00144-7
  30. Devincenzi T, Prunier A, Meteau K, Prache S. How does barley supplementation in lambs grazing alfalfa affect meat sensory quality and authentication? Animal 2019;13:427-34. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731118001477
  31. Kirton AH, Crane B, Paterson DJ, Clare NT. Yellow fat in lambs caused by carotenoid pigmentation. NZ J Agric Res 1975;18:267-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1975.10423643
  32. Tayengwa T, Chikwanha OC, Gouws P, Dugan MER, Mutsvangwa T, Mapiye C. Dietary citrus pulp and grape pomace as potential natural preservatives for extending beef shelf life. Meat Sci 2020;162:108029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.108029
  33. Wang W, Li J, Zhang H, Wang X, Fan J, Zhang X. Phenolic compounds and bioactivity evaluation of aqueous and methanol extracts of Allium mongolicum Regel. Food Sci Nutr 2019;7:779-87. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.926
  34. de Oliveira L, Carvalho PCF, Prache S. Fat spectro-colorimetric characteristics of lambs switched from a low to a high dietary carotenoid level for various durations before slaughter. Meat Sci 2012;92:644-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.06.012
  35. Sahin K, Yazlak H, Orhan C, Tuzcu M, Akdemir F, Sahin N. The effect of lycopene on antioxidant status in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared under high stocking density. Aquaculture 2014;418:132-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.10.009
  36. Brennand CP, Ha JK, Lindsay RC. Aroma properties and thresholds of some branched-chain and other minor volatile fatty acids occurring in milkfat and meat lipids. J Sens Stud 1989;4:105-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-459X.1989.tb00461.x
  37. Alves SP, Bessa RJ, Quaresma MAG, et al. Does the fat tailed Damara ovine breed have a distinct lipid metabolism leading to a high concentration of branched chain fatty acids in tissues? PLoS One 2013;8:e77313. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077313