• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.93-93
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• 1995

The three combined products were prepared as suspended solutions composed of various ratio of Sucralfate, Hydrotalcite and Neusilin, into which 30% ethanol extracts of Machili cortex, and of Atractylodis rhizoma were added. The efficacy for these products was examined in vivo using a pyrous ligation method in rats. The influence of these products on the intestinal motility was also examined in mice. In all experimental setting, the antisecretory effect of the combined treatment was more pronounced than that of each drug alone. The combined treatment consisted of Sucralfate, Hydrotalcite, Neusilin ratios of 2:2:1 produced the highest inhibitory effect for the gastric secretion. The intestinal motility was not influenced significantly by the treatment of all experimental setting. The above results revealed that the therapeutic dose of Sucralfate, Hydrotalcite, Neusilin given in combination showed a synergistic effect for the inhibition of gastric secretion and little side effect on the intestinal motility. Therefore, the combined product with Sucralfate, Hydrotalcite, Neusilin ratio of 2:2:1 is recommended for the useful drug to heal the gastrointestinal diseases with no side effect on the intestinal motility.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.66-71
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• 2021

Recent healthcare environments have characteristics of expanding the scope of healthcare-impacting healthcare, complexity resulting from diversification of components, and accelerating the pace of change. Drugs are used for the prevention, mitigation, and treatment of diseases, so they can inevitably cause harm, while they have efficacy and effectiveness, which are key elements of health recovery. Therefore, many countries regulate permits for safe and effective medicines, and also designate essential drugs directly related to life as pay targets and guarantee health insurance. Especially Pharmacist relying on manpower for composition medicine is liable for mal-manufacture due to combination of toxic medical substances or other chemical usage. In this paper, we focus on using Kiosk and Optical Character Recognition (OCR) for automated pharmacy to level up medical service and create labor friendly environment for pharmacist themselves through maintenance of prescription data and automated manufacturing solution. Presentation of drug substances and precautions will lead to efficient drug prescription and prevent misuse of information while auto manufacturing system efficiently maintain labor force and raise patient satisfaction level by reduction of waiting time.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.257-264
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• 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumor. 5-FU is commonly used for the treatment of CRC. However, the development of drug resistance in tumor chemotherapy can seriously reduce therapeutic efficacy of 5-FU. Recent data show that FoxM1 is associated with 5-FU resistance in CRC. FoxM1 plays a critical role in the carcinogenesis and drug resistance of several malignancies. It has been reported that urushiol V isolated from the cortex of Rhus verniciflua Stokes is cytotoxic to several types of cancer cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for its antitumor activity and its potential to attenuate the chemotherapeutic resistance in CRC cells remain unknown. Here, we found that urushiol V could inhibit the cell proliferation and induced S-phase arrest of SW480 colon cancer cells. It inhibited protein expression level of FoxM1 through activation of AMPK. We also investigated the combined effect of urushiol V and 5-FU. The combination treatment reduced FoxM1 expression and consequently reduced cell growth and colony formation in 5-FU resistant colon cancer cells (SW480/5-FUR). Taken together, these result suggest that urushiol V from Rhus verniciflua Stokes can suppress cell proliferation by inhibiting FoxM1 and enhance the antitumor capacity of 5-FU. Therefore, urushiol V may be a potential bioactive compound for CRC therapy.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.699-704
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• 2012

Double-layered polymeric carrier was designed for release control of hydrophilic drug in oral administration. Biopolymeric chitosan and alginate were examined as polar absorbents, poly(D,L-lactide) as a hydrophobic shell, and theophylline and diclofenac sodium as loading drugs. The fabrication of the carriers was prepared in the form of double-layered microsphere for delayed and successively extended release, which consisted of outer shell of poly(D,L-lactide) and inner core of alginate or chitosan with drugs. Morphologies and drug-release behaviors of the carriers were investigated, which were influenced by a combination of polarity between carrier and drug. It was confirmed that the relative polarities of the carriers, the drugs, and the environmental pH affected significantly the drug-release property.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.397-404
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• 2016

Illegal and harmful contents on the Internet has been an issue and been increased in Korea. They are often posted on the billboard and website of small enterprise and government office. Those illegal and harmful contents can relate to crime and suspicious activity, so, we need a detection system. However, to date the detection itself has been conducted manually by a person. In this paper, we develop an automated URL detection scheme for detecting a drug trafficking by using Google. This system works by analyzing the frequently used keywords in a drug trafficking and generate a keyword dictionary to store words for future search. The suspected drug trafficking URL are automatically collected based on the keyword dictionary by using Google search engine. The suspicious URL can be detected by classifying and numbering each domain from the collection of the suspected URL. This proposed automated URL detection can be an effective solution for detecting a drug trafficking, also reducing time and effort consumed by human-based URL detection.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.248-254
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• 1986

Effects of vinblastine(VLB) and vincristine(VCR) on cell-mediated immunity(CMI) were studied with the microcytotoxicity test(MCT) after normal or pre-sensitized Balb/c mice had been treated in vivo with a combination of two different doses of VLB or VCR(single dose of 20% and 60% $LD_{50}$, i.p.) at different times (from day -6 to day +4) plus allo-transplantation antigen(allo-TA, cells from C3H mice at day 0). The results were that $LD_{50}$ of VLB for female Balb/c mouse was 7.3mg/kg body weight (i.p.) and $LD_{50}$ of VCR was 4.3mg/kg body weight and that VLB and VCR acted as immunosuppressive agents on the primary CMI when administered after allo-TA(antigen-drug-phase), but showed no effect when administered prior to allo-TA(drug-antigen-phase). Change of doses of VLB and VCR(20% $LD_{50}$, 60% $LD_{50}$) caused quantitative or qualitative variations in the immunomodulating effects of these two drugs. Neither VLB nor VCR had any immunomodulating effect on the secondary CMI. Lastly, the results support that the four parameters (type of drug, sensitization status, time of drug treatment in relation to antigen injection, and drug dosis) are significant for the effects of the VLB and VCR on the CMI, and that VLB and VCR may inhibit the proliferation of antigen-stimulated T effector lymphocytes but not memory-cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2005

Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-l) based lentivirus vector has demonstrated great potential as gene therapy vectors mediating efficient gene delivery and long-term transgene expression in both dividing and nondividing cells. However, for clinical studies it must be confirmed that vector preparations are safe and not contaminated by replication competent lentivirus (RCL) related to the parental pathogenic virus, HIV-l. In this study, we would like to establish the method for titration and RCL detection of lentivirus vector. The titration was determined by vector expression containing the green fluorescent protein, GFP in transduced cells. The titer was $1{\times}10^7$ Transducing Unit/ml in the GFP expression assay and $8.9{\times}10^7$ molecules/ml in the real-time PCR. Also, for the detection of RCL, we have used a combination method of PCR and p24 antigen detection. First, PBS/psi and VSV-G region in the genomic DNA of transduced cells was detected by PCR assay. Second, transfer and expression of the HIV-1 gag gene was detected by p24 ELISA. In an attempt to amplify any RCL, the transduced cells were cultured for 3 weeks (amplification phase) and the supernatant of amplified transduced cell was used for the second transduction to determine whether a true RCL was present (indicator phase). Analysis of cells and supernatant at day 6 in indicator phase were negative for PBS/psi, VSV-G, and p24 antigen. These results suggest that they are not mobilized and therefore there are no RCL in amplification phase. Thus, real-time PCR is a reliable and sensitive method for titration and RCL detection of lentivirus vector.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.61-78
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• 2021

Background and Objective: The use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) increases the risk of negative health outcomes, including drug-related admissions. Tools for structured medication review have been developed to ensure optimal medication use and safety. Here, we aimed to evaluate medication use review (MUR) tools for community-dwelling older patients. Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement (PRISMA). We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from 1991 to 2020, excluding tools that are specifically applied to hospitalized patients or nursing home residents. We identified the most common inappropriate medications, drug-disease interactions, drug-drug interactions and prescribing omissions presented among tools. Results: From among 9,788 identified reports screened, 60 met our inclusion criteria; finally, 27 were eligible for data analysis considering originality and up-to-dateness. Most tools presented explicit criteria (93%), and only one was specific to community-dwelling elderly. The most common PIM was tricyclic antidepressants. Use of diltiazem and verapamil in patients with heart failure and the combination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics and warfarin were the most frequent disease-specific PIM and drug-interaction, respectively. Conclusions: Although several medication review tools have been developed for older adults, specific guidelines for community-dwelling populations remain limited. Furthermore, the list of PIMs differed among available tools. In future, specific but integrating MUR tools need to be developed for clinical practice considering this population.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.134-139
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• 2024

Background: Increasing numbers of studies and research about artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have led to their application in clinical trials. The purpose of this study is to analyze computer-based new technologies (AI/ML) applied on clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov to elucidate current usage of these technologies. Methods: As of March 1st, 2023, protocols listed on ClinicalTrials.gov that claimed to use AI/ML and included at least one of the following interventions-Drug, Biological, Dietary Supplement, or Combination Product-were selected. The selected protocols were classified according to their context of use: 1) drug discovery; 2) toxicity prediction; 3) enrichment; 4) risk stratification/management; 5) dose selection/optimization; 6) adherence; 7) synthetic control; 8) endpoint assessment; 9) postmarketing surveillance; and 10) drug selection. Results: The applications of AI/ML were explored in 131 clinical trial protocols. The areas where AI/ML was most frequently utilized in clinical trials included endpoint assessment (n=80), followed by dose selection/optimization (n=15), risk stratification/management (n=13), drug discovery (n=4), adherence (n=4), drug selection (n=1) and enrichment (n=1). Conclusion: The most frequent application of AI/ML in clinical trials is in the fields of endpoint assessment, where the utilization is primarily focuses on the diagnosis of disease by imaging or video analyses. The number of clinical trials using artificial intelligence will increase as the technology continues to develop rapidly, making it necessary for regulatory associates to establish proper regulations for these clinical trials.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.271-276
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• 1986

Amphotericin B and rifampin or 5-fluorocytosine were tested for synergism against Candida albicans in a synthetic mdium. The test was based on viability studies in which fungicidal activity was determined during the incubation hours of drug exposure. Concentration of amphotericin B(0.2ug per ml and 0.4ug per ml) in combination with inactive concentration of rifampin(12.5ug per ml) or 5-fluorocytosine(25ug per ml) resulted in rapid decrease of colony froming unit(CFU). On the basis of these and earlier studies, it is concluded that amphotericin Band rifampin or 5-fluorocytosine are synergistic against various yeasts and yeast-like fungi under widely differing experimental conditions.