• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.308-313
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• 1995

Drosophila melanogaster와 D. Simulan는 전세계적으로 분포하며, D. Sechellia 는 Africa의 Seychelles 제도에만 서식하는 지역종으로, 모두 D. melanogaster complex에 속하는 동포종이다. 이들 D. melanogaster complex 3종을 대상으로 종간 교배를 통한 잡종을 형성하여 성증(sex-bomb)과 생식궁(genital arch)의 표현형적 유연관계를 부모계통과 상호 비교하였다. 상기 3종들 사이의 교배를 통해 4가지 유형의 잡종 수컷을 얻었으며 이들은 모두 불임이었다. 성즐의 평균 치열 수는 D. melanogaster(OR)가 10.73개, D. sechellia(Ja)는 10.69개였으며, D. simulans($O_9$)에서는 8.35개였다. 종간 잡종의 치열수 분석으로 뚜렷한 성즐의 유전양식을 제시할 수가 없었다. 외부 생식기를 구성하는 각 부속기관 중 분류상 중요 기준이 되는 생식궁은 종 특이적 모양을 띠고 있었으며, 종간 접종 생식궁의 일반적인 형태는 부모종간의 중간형인 mosaic 구조였다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.216-224
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• 1994

Drosophila 의 수컷 앞다리 부절에 존재하는 성즐의 유무는 Sophophora subgens와 Drsophila sub-genus의 분류기준이 되며, 전자의 경우는 종 특이적인 성즐을 가지나 후자에는 일반적으로 존재하지 않는다. 수종 Drosophila 의 성즐에 관하여 비교 조사한 결과 Sophophora subgens내의 D. melanoga-ster subgroup의 경우는 모두 제 1부절에만 존재하였다. 그중 D. melanogaster complex의 D. mauti-tiana 가 약 12.75개, D. simulans는 평균 8.35정도였으며, D. yakuba complex는 D. melanogaster complex에 비하여 다소 적었다. D. melanogaster complex의 종간 교배에 의한 분석으로는 성즐유전양시겡 대한 뚜렷한 방향성을 제시할 수 없었다. Sophophora subgemus의 D. melanogaster species group에 속하는 다른 3종의 경우(D. auralia, D. lutecens 및 D. suzuki)는 성즐의 분포 양식에서 D. immigrans 및 D. virilis)에서는 성즐이 존재하지 않았다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 1999

Genus Drosophila에서 melanogaster complex내의 4종에 대한 유연관계 해석을 위하여, insemination test에 의한 premating isolation, 잡종형성 여부에 의한 postmating isolation, 형태 형성에 관한 영향 및 종 분화 관련 유전자의 특징 등을 대상으로 조사하였다. 종내 교배에서는 insemination rate는 96∼99% 정도였고 종간 교배에서는 정역 교배간에 심한 변이를 보였으며 D. melanogaster 암컷은 타종 수컷과의 교배에서 전반적 성공률이 높으며 D. sechellia 수컷은 타종 암컷과의 교배에서 비교적 높은 교배 성공률을 보였다. 종간 잡종 형성에서는 특히 simulans, mauritiana 및 sechellia 사이에서 임성이 완전한 암컷과 불임의 수컷이 형성되어 이들 3종이 더욱 근연임을 시사하고 있다. sex comb과 genital arch에 대한 잡종의 형태 형성에 관한 영향은 대부분이 polygene에 의하여 조절되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. D. melanogaster와 simulans에 있어서 분화 관련 유전자로 추정되는 잡종의 온도 감수적 생존도는 주로 simu-lans의 X 염색체상의 유전자에 의하여 조절되고 있음이 분석되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 1992

Physiological toxic and mutagenic effects of gramoxone in Drosophila melanogaster were invetigated. Gramoxone was highly toxic on the development, resulting in of lowering the viability and in prolongation of the developmental times. Adults treated with gramoxone during the developmental stages caused a lowering of the productivity and a little chinge in protein quantity. But the effect on the sex-linked lethal mutagenesis was found to be negative. The order of mortality causing ado리t stoa형e feeding to gramoxone in the D. melanogaster complex was like this ; D. mauritiana, D. sechellia, D. simulans and D. melanogasteu Two species of the D. yakuba complex were alike. Those results were more or less correlation with speciation of the D. melanogaster subgroup.

• BMB Reports
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.1-2
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• 2018

Positive selection on a new beneficial mutation generates a characteristic pattern of DNA sequence polymorphism when it reaches an intermediate allele frequency. On genome sequences of African Drosophila melanogaster, we detected such signatures of selection at 37 candidate loci and identified "sweeping haplotypes (SHs)" that are increasing or have increased rapidly in frequency due to hitchhiking. Based on geographic distribution of SH frequencies, we could infer whether selective sweeps occurred starting from de novo beneficial mutants under simple constant selective pressure. Single SHs were identified at more than half of loci. However, at many other loci, we observed multiple independent SHs, implying soft selective sweeps due to a high beneficial mutation rate or parallel evolution across space. Interestingly, SH frequencies were intermediate across multiple populations at about a quarter of the loci despite relatively low migration rates inferred between African populations. This invokes a certain form of frequency-dependent selection such as heterozygote advantage. At one locus, we observed a complex pattern of multiple independent that was compatible with recurrent frequency-dependent positive selection on new variants. In conclusion, genomic patterns of positive selection are very diverse, with equal contributions of hard and soft sweeps and a surprisingly large proportion of frequency-dependent selection in D. melanogaster populations.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.211-218
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• 1992

한국산 노랑초파리 군에 속하는 8종의 유전적 유연관계를 밝히고자 생식적 격리 그리고 수용성 단백질을 전기영동법으로 분석하였다. 생리적 격리 실험에서 교배전격리 실험결과를 Watanane와 Kawanishi model에 근거하여 보면 D. aurario complex 3종 중 D. triauror물가 원시종이며 남 auraria는 팍생종으로 나타났다. 교배후 격리 실험에서 나. melonogaster와 D. simuions의 교배시, D. melonogoster를 수컷으로 하였을 때는 불임의 수컷만이, 또 D. melonogaster를 암컷으로 곯였을 때는 불임의 암컷만이 출현하였다. 그리고 남 ouraria complex 3종간의 교배에서는 수정 능력이 있는 수컷과 암컷이 출현하였는데, 이는 아직 남 auraria Complex가 semispecies단계에 있음을 나타내는 것이라 할 수 있다. SDS-PAGE로 분석한 노랑초파리 군 8종의 band pattern을 densitometer로 scanning한 결과 남 susu상가 가장 특이하였으며, TDE에 의한 유전적 거리(Aquadro and Avise's)는 남 auror지와 봉 triauror지사이가 0.155로 가장 낮았고, D. melonogaster와 고. mfa 사이가 0.422로 가장 높았다. 본 연구의 결과를 UPGMA법 뜨로 분석하면, 한국산 노랑초파리 군 8종은 4개의 아군으로 나뉘어지며 이들은 2개의 다른 큰무리로 구분되었는데, D. suzu가기 아군, D. lutescens의 아군, D. melanogoster와 봉 simulons의 아군이 속한 큰무리와, D. mfa,0. ouroria, D. biauroria 그리고 남 triourario가 속한 다른 큰무리로 나눌 수 있다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.358-366
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• 2016

The digestive system is gaining interest as a major regulator of various functions including immune defense, nutrient accumulation, and regulation of feeding behavior, aside from its conventional function as a digestive organ. The Drosophila midgut epithelium is completely renewed every 1-2 weeks due to differentiation of pluripotent intestinal stem cells in the midgut. Intestinal stem cells constantly divide and differentiate into enterocytes that secrete digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients, or enteroendocrine cells that secrete regulatory peptides. Regulatory peptides have important roles in development and metabolism, but study has mainly focused on expression and functions in the nervous system, and not much is known about the roles in endocrine functions of enteroendocrine cells. We systemically examined the expression of 45 regulatory peptide genes in the Drosophila midgut, and verified that at least 10 genes are expressed in the midgut enteroendocrine cells through RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, antisera, and 25 regulatory peptide-GAL transgenes. The Drosophila midgut is highly compartmentalized, and individual peptides in enteroendocrine cells were observed to express in specific regions of the midgut. We also confirmed that some peptides expressed in the same region of the midgut are expressed in mutually exclusive enteroendocrine cells. These results indicate that the midgut enteroendocrine cells are functionally differentiated into different subgroups. Through this study, we have established a basis to study regulatory peptide functions in enteroendocrine cells as well as the complex organization of enteroendocrine cells in the Drosophila midgut.

• BMB Reports
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.407-412
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• 2010

Homeodomain (HD) is a highly conserved DNA-binding domain composed of helix-turn-helix motif. Drosophila Vnd (Ventral nervous system defective) containing HD acts as a regulator to either enhance or suppress gene expression upon binding to its target sequence. In this study, kinetic analysis of Vnd binding to DNA was performed. The result demonstrates that DNA-binding affinity of the recombinant protein containing HD and NK2-specific domain (NK2-SD) was higher than that of the full-length Vnd. To access whether phosphorylation sites within HD and NK2-SD affect the interaction of the protein with the target sequence, alanine substitutions were introduced. The result shows that S631A mutation within NK2-SD does not contribute significantly to the DNA-binding affinity. However, S571A and T600A mutations within HD showed lower affinity for DNA binding. In addition, DNA-binding analysis using embryonic nuclear protein also demonstrates that Vnd interacts with other nuclear proteins, suggesting the existence of Vnd as a complex.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.680-686
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• 2023

Aging is a complex series of multi-organ processes that occur in various organisms. As such, an in vivo study using an animal model of aging is necessary to define its exact mechanisms and identify anti-aging substances. Using Drosophila as an in vivo model system, we identified Crataegus pinnatifida extract (CPE) as a novel anti-aging substance. Regardless of sex, Drosophila treated with CPE showed a significantly increased lifespan compared to those without CPE. In this study, we also evaluated the involvement of CPE in aging-related biochemical pathways, including TOR, stem cell generation, and antioxidative effects, and found that the representative genes of each pathway were induced by CPE administration. CPE administration did not result in significant differences in fecundity, locomotion, feeding amount, or TAG level. These conclusions suggest that CPE is a good candidate as an anti-aging food substance capable of promoting a healthy lifespan.

• BMB Reports
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.291-297
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• 2011

Aging is one of the most complicated biological processes in all species. A number of different model organisms from yeast to monkeys have been studied to understand the aging process. Until recently, many different age-related genes and age-regulating cellular pathways, such as insulin/IGF-1-like signal, mitochondrial dysfunction, Sir2 pathway, have been identified through classical genetic studies. Parallel to genetic approaches, genome-wide approaches have provided valuable insights for the understanding of molecular mechanisms occurring during aging. Gene expression profiling analysis can measure the transcriptional alteration of multiple genes in a genome simultaneously and is widely used to elucidate the mechanisms of complex biological pathways. Here, current global gene expression profiling studies on normal aging and age-related genetic/environmental interventions in widely-used model organisms are briefly reviewed.