• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the significant characteristics in spray of industrial etch-nozzle for the design of process. The experiment was carried out with different spray pressure and industrial nozzle in wet etch. The characteristics of liquid spray, such as axial velocity and sauter mean diameter measurements were obtained by PDA. And impact force was calculated from spray characteristics. It was found that the fluid with higher spray pressure resulted in the smaller SMD and the higher droplet velocity and impact force. The depth of etch was increased in case of high spray pressure. In the case of injection angle oscillated between $20^{\circ}$, the result indicated constant effect of etch. The correlation between the spray characteristics and etch ones were analyzed. The depth of etch had good positive correlation with axial velocity and impact force. The result clearly shows that the characteristics in wet etch are strongly related to the spray characteristics with process.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.922-930
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• 2008

질소산화물($NO_x$) 저감을 위한 선택적 무촉매 환원(SNCR; selective non-catalytic reduction) 공정의 성능은 유속, 반응온도 그리고 반응물간의 혼합과 같은 공정변수에 민감하다. 따라서 효율적인 SNCR 공정의 설계와 운전을 위하여 속도장, 온도장, 및 화학물질들의 농도 분포에 대한 이해가 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 150 kW LPG 버너가 장착되고, 요소용액을 환원제로 사용하는 파일럿 규모 SNCR 공정에 대하여 액적모델과 결합된 2차원 난류반응흐름 전산유체역학(CFD; computational fluid dynamics) 모델을 개발하고, 이 모델은 실험결과를 통하여 검증된다. 난류반응 CFD 모델에서는 $NO_x$저감율과 $NH_3$-slip을 예측하기 위하여 7개 반응식으로 이루어진 요소용액과 $NO_x$와의 반응기작을 이용한다. 이러한 모델을 이용한 CFD 모사결과는 온도와 NSR(normalized stoichiometric ratio)에 따른 $NO_x$ 저감율에서 실험결과와 최대 20% 이내에서 차이를 보여주고 있으며, $NH_3$-slip에 대하여는 실험결과와 모사결과 사이에 유사한 경향성을 얻었다.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2022

The line width of circuits in semiconductor devices continues to decrease down to a few nanometers. Since nanoparticles attached to the patterned wafer surface may cause malfunction of the devices, it is crucial to remove the contaminant nanoparticles. Physical cleaning that utilizes momentum of liquid for detaching solid nanoparticles has recently been tested in place of the conventional chemical method. Dropwise impaction has been employed to increase the removal efficiency with expectation of more efficient momentum exchange. To date, most of relevant studies have been focused on drop spreading behavior on a horizontal surface in terms of maximum spreading diameters and average spreading velocity of drop. More important is the local liquid velocity at the position of nanoparticle, very near the surface, rather than the vertical average value. In addition, there are very scarce existing studies dealing with microdroplet impaction that may be desirable for minimizing pattern demage of the wafer. In this study, we investigated the local velocity distribution in spreading liquid film under various impaction conditions through the CFD simulation. Combining the numerical results with the particle removal model, we estimated an effective cleaning diameter (ECD), which is a measure of the particle removal capacity of a single drop, and presented the predicted ECD data as a function of droplet's velocity and diameter particularly when the droplets are microns in diameter.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.608-613
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• 2019

자동차 배기가스에 포함된 질소산화물은 심각한 대기 오염을 일으키는 주요한 요인 중의 하나이다. 질소산화물은 연소가 고온 조건에서 진행되는 경우에 생성되므로 일반적으로 배기가스 재순환 방법을 사용하여 연소 온도를 낮추어 저감시킨다. 배기가스 재순환 비율이 높아질수록 질소산화물의 양은 감소하나 연소가 불안정하게 되어 일산화탄소와 연소실 내의 연료가 연소 되지 않고 나오는 미연탄화수소의 양이 증가하여 오히려 오염물질을 증가시킨다. 본 논문에서는 연소 안정성 향상을 위해 연료 입자에 음파를 조사하여 연료 입자의 움직임을 증가시는 방안 및 배기가스재순환 비율의 증가에 따른 엔진 성능 향상에 대하여 연구하였다. 이에 대한 기본 연구로, 유동해석 소프트웨어를 사용하여 여러 주파수의 음파를 연료 입자에 조사하여 연료 입자의 속도 변화에 대한 연구를 진행하였다. 해석 결과, 연료 입자의 크기가 크면 저주파의 음파에 의해, 연료 입자의 크기가 작으면 고주파의 음파에 의해 영향을 많이 받음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 연소 안정성 향상이 엔진 성능에 미치는 영향에 대해 엔진 해석 모델을 사용하여 연구하였다. 해석 결과, 배기가스 재순환 비율을 15% 증가시킨 경우, 질소산화물의 농도가 45% 저감되고, 열효율이 10% 향상됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 1999

The spray characteristics of a direct injection multi-hole diesel nozzle having the 2-spring nozzle holder were investigated by using the image processing system and a PDPA(phase Bowler particle analyzer) system. The spray tip penetration, the spray angle, and the droplet diameter and velocity with the variation of the pump speed, injection quantity were measured. From, the experiments, we know that there are small droplets which are not to be detected with spray image around the leading edge of the spray. In order to represent the mean characteristics of the intermittent spray very well, it is very important to set the time windows accurately. From the measurements along the axis of the spray, close to the nozzle, the initially injected droplets are overtaken by droplets that follow them. And also there are the maximum axial mean velocity and SMD at the following part of the leading edge of the spray.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.199-210
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• 1998

The skill that utilizes atomization of the liquid has been widely used in the field of industry and engineering. Though there are dozens of methods to make atomization, the pressure type injection nozzle is frequently used in washing of parts, pastourization and painting because it has relatively simple system. This study is to reveal the characteristics of atomizing formed by three different types of the pressure type injection nozzle. We measured velocity and diameter of droplet to compare and analyze characteristic of each nozzle. In case of velocity, atomization of hollow-cone nozzle is irregular than others and change of radial direction is especially large. Atomization of flat nozzle is nearly uniform. In case of diameter, atomization of hollow-cone nozzle is increased rapidly, as measurement point become more distant from the center of nozzle. Atomization of flat nozzle has the most fixed magnitude. Accordingly, full-cone nozzle can be used irrespective of the form of subject and hollow-cone nozzle is proper to the occasion to spray large and smooth subject. Also, flat nozzle is proper to the occasion to spray a part of subject and long groove.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.714-724
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• 1985

본 논문에서는 입자가 부상된 2상유동의 해석에서 여러유동조건의 유동을 공 통적으로 해석할 수 있고 또 유동의 난류구조를 규명할 수 있도록 하기 위해서 2-방정 식 난류모델을 적용하였고 또 지배방정식들 속에 나타나는 1유체와 2유체의 2차 상관 관계들을 모형화 할 때 Taweel and Landau의 스펙트럼 이론을 확장발전시켜 적용하였 다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2007

Dimethyl Ether(DME) is an alternative fuel for diesel engine, it is renewable and offers potential reductions in emissions. This work was conducted to figure out the macroscopic behavior and the atomization characteristics of DME using a common-rail injection system. The macroscopic behavior was visualized with the spray visualization system composed of a Nd;YAG laser and an ICCD camera. The atomization characteristics were investigated in terms of axial mean velocity, Sauter mean diameter(SMD) and droplet distributions obtained from a phase Doppler particle analyzer(PDPA) system. In this study, it was revealed that the macroscopic behavior and the atomization characteristics of DME are similar compared with commercial diesel fuel. However, DME fuel has a shorter spray tip penetration and a small SMD due to the effect of evaporation characteristics.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.18-26
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• 1998

본 논문은 쇄파와 속도 전단에 의해 발생하는 난류에 의해 해상에 유출된 기름이 유적으로 분해되어 해수면 하로 분산되어 가는 과정을 논하였다. 유막 분산의 역학적 메커니즘을 파악하기 위하여 두 가지 수리실험, 즉 전단발생장치와 조파수조를 이용하여 난류를 발생시켰다. 이러한 실험으로부터 혼합시간이 증가함에 따라 수면에 형성된 유막은 수십 마이크로미터에서 수백 마이크로미터의 입경을 가진 유적으로 분산되었다 뿐만 아니라 유출된 기름의 풍화정도에 따라서 상이한 분산 메커니즘을 나타내는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.42-50
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• 1998

The effect of swirl flows un the fuel spray characteristics were investigated for various swillers in a model combustor. The interaction between the flow field and fuel spray in the main combustion tone made by frontal devices including fuel injection nozzles and swirlers. which were characterized by flow velocities, fuel droplet sizes and their distributions which were measured by APV(Adaptive Phase/Doppler Velocimetry) under atmospheric condition at 320cc/min kerosine fuel flow and 0.04kg/sec air supply. A dual swirler with circumferential two-stage swirl vanes of $40^{\circ}\;and\;45^{\circ}$ vanes in different directions and two single-stage swillers of $40^{\circ}$ vanes with 12 and 16 vanes were tested. It was found that the dual swirler has the largest recirculating zone with highest reverse flow velocity. The strongest swirl flow was found at the boundary of recirculation zone. Small fuel droplets were observed in the main axial stream and inside the recirculation zone when swirling flow field were generated by the frontal devices. These findings could give the tips on the optimal design of frontal devices to realize low emissions in gas turbine combustion.