• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.709-716
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• 2020

Recently, the drone's equipment development and software technology have dramatically improved. With such developments, the applicability is increasing in various fields that require rapid geospatial information, and in practice, regulations and systems have been established, and the fields in use are increasing. Also, in Korea, corporations and public institutions are actually using and researching drones in fields such as aircraft development, communication technology development, construction site use, and surveying. However, there are no fields where drones are actually used in road construction sites. Therefore, in this study, to utilize drones that have been actively used in the civil engineering and construction fields for road construction, we investigated the current status of the Korea Highway Corporation's field drone use research and classified the possibility of drone introduction by road construction. Finally, a method of using drones at road construction sites was proposed to prepare a method for using drones at road construction sites.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2021

도로의 평탄성은 승차감과 직결되는 중요한 요소이며, 도로의 기능평가 및 포장품질 관리를 위한 평가항목이다. 본 연구에서는 지상 LiDAR, 드론 사진측량 및 드론 LiDAR의 최신 3차원 공간정보 구축 기술을 활용하여 도로 노면에 대한 데이터를 취득하고, 각각의 방법에 대한 정확도 및 평탄성을 분석하였다. 정확도 평가 결과 지상 LiDAR는 X, Y, Z 방향으로 각각 0.039m, 0.042m, 0.039m의 RMSE를 나타내었으며 드론 사진측량과 드론 LiDAR는 각각 0.072~0.076m, 0.060~0.068m의 RMSE를 나타내어 측량 및 지도제작 분야에 각각의 방법이 충분히 활용 가능함을 제시하였다. 또한 편평도 분석을 위해 각각의 방법으로 구축된 3차원 공간정보에서 대상 구간에 대한 종방향 경사와 횡방향 경사를 추출하고, 설계값과 비교를 수행하였다. 평탄성 분석 결과 지상 LiDAR는 설계값과 동일한 경사를 나타내었으며, 드론 사진측량 및 드론 LiDAR의 경우 설계값과 다소 차이를 보였다. 도로의 평탄성 분석과 같은 계측 분야에 드론 사진측량 및 드론 LiDAR를 활용하기 위한 정확도를 향상 방안 연구가 필요하다. 향후 정확도 향상을 통한 활용성을 제시할 수 있다면 드론 사진측량 및 드론 LiDAR를 활용하여 취득에 소요되는 시간을 크게 감소시킬 수 있으므로 관련 업무 효율성 향상이 가능할 것이다.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2020

KEPCO Research Institute developed a GIS-based autopilot drone inspection system for electric power facilities and since its pilot application in 2017, it has been successfully used to detect defects in power transmission lines. This paper presents how to operate this system in the field of power line inspection. Power transmission lines are located in a wide variety of environments such as plains, mountains, river crossings, sea crossings, and industrial areas. Among these, some transmission lines are difficult for human workers to access because of their geographies and some should be checked more often due to their severe contamination. Considering these field conditions, we classified drone operation in two categories to increase its effectiveness and efficiency - patrol surveillance and detailed inspection tasks. This paper describes the detailed procedures of the two tasks above and their field application experiences. In addition, this paper newly proposes how to construct public drone roads by using the information of KEPCO's power transmission lines.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2020

Recently the importance of BIM (Building Information Modeling) that enables 3D location-based design and construction work is being highlighted around the world. In Korea, the road map has been established to settle the design based on BIM using drone survey results by 2025. As the first step, BIM would be applied to road construction projects worth more than 50 billion Korean Won from 2020. On the other hand, drone survey regulation has been enacted and the data for drone survey cost were also included on Standard of construction estimate in 2020. However, more careful improvement is required to reflect drone survey results in BIM design and construction. Currently, Engineering instructions and Standard of construction estimate specifies that earthwork volume must be calculated by cross section method only. So it is required to add the method of DEM (Digital Elevation Model) based volume calculation on these regulations to realize BIM application. In order for that, this study verified the method of DEM based earthwork volume calculation. To get an accurate DEM for accurate volume computation, drone survey was carried out according to the drone survey regulation and then could get an accurate DEM data which have errors less than 3cm in X, Y and 6.8cm in H. As each DEM cell has 3D coordinate component, the volume of each cell can be calculated by obtaining the height of area of the cell then total volume is calculated by multiplying total number of cells by volume of each cell for the construction area. Verification for the new calculation method compare with existing method was carried out. The difference between DEM based volume by drone survey and cross section based volume by traditional survey was less than 1.33% and it can be seen that new DEM method will be able to be applied to BIM design and construction instead of cross section method.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2018

PURPOSES : Most of the traffic surveys are carried out by an inspection method by the manpower. In some cases, the video equipment is used only in some regions when the traffic volume is surveyed. In this case, there is environmental restriction that the road equipment to fix the video equipment should exist. Also, in areas where information such as digital maps and satellite photographs is old or not provided, they are forced to rely on manpower research, but it is difficult to put huge amounts of time and money into the research in places where labor supply and demand is difficult. This difficulty is particularly pronounced in overseas business. METHODS : The purpose of this study is to improve the efficiency of business by using the drones in the traffic investigation through analysis of the cost reduction effect between the existing method and the proposed method in the overseas business traffic survey. The scope of the research is limited to the scope of research, and based on the case of overseas projects, the method of using drone for each research sector is suggested. RESULTS : In the traffic condition survey section, we propose the use of drone for traffic survey and queue length survey, and it is confirmed that there is a cost saving effect of 16% ~ 27% compared with the existing method. In the road condition survey, we propose the use of drones for road surface linear survey, geometry survey, and obstacle survey, and it was confirmed that the cost reduction effect is 39% ~ 93% compared to the existing method. CONCLUSIONS : In addition to overseas business, it is expected that it will have a positive effect on research time and cost reduction by using drone in traffic survey in domestic area where labor supply is not easy or basic data is insufficient.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.70-80
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• 2018

Drones are now widely used in civilian applications such as filming, leisure, agricultural control, monitoring, and the generation of 3D-spatial information, deviating only from military drones. In the field of logistics, prototypes are emerging in the area of logistics transportation, and to develop a future transportation service under the name of a drone tax, each country is introducing its first flight results using its own unique drones. In this paper, we review the domestic and overseas trends of drone delivery service technology, which requires various capabilities such as automatic flight, and review the related core technologies. We then propose the flight capability and road map of a drone delivery service according to the detailed conditions such as the flight area, visibility, and flight method. Additionally, in connection with the postal processing of the Korea Post Office, which would be a main demand for this type of service, we describe a method for realizing a drone delivery service based on the structure, scenario, and deployment of the drone delivery system.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.495-519
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• 2023

The drone serves the customers not served by vans. At the same time, considering the safety, policy and terrain as well as the need to replace the battery, the drone needs to be transported by truck to the identified station along with the parcel. From each such station, the drone serves a subset of customers according to a direct assignment pattern, i.e., every time the drone is launched, it serves one demand node and returns to the station to collect another parcel. Similarly, the truck is used to transport the drone and cargo between stations. This is somewhat different from the research of other scholars. In terms of the joint distribution of the drone and road vehicle, most scholars will choose the combination of two transportation tools, while we use three. The drone and vans are responsible for distribution services, and the trucks are responsible for transporting the goods and drone to the station. The goal is to optimize the total delivery cost which includes the transportation costs for the vans and the delivery cost for the drone. A fixed cost is also considered for each drone parking site corresponding to the cost of positioning the drone and using the drone station. A discrete optimization model is presented for the problem in addition to a two-phase heuristic algorithm. The results of a series of computational tests performed to assess the applicability of the model and the efficiency of the heuristic are reported. The results obtained show that nearly 10% of the cost can be saved by combining the traditional delivery mode with the use of a drone and drone stations.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.243-251
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• 2019

전국 국도에 설치된 도로표지 위치정보는 MMS(Mobile Mapping System) 기술을 이용하여 지속적으로 갱신하고 있다. MMS에 의해 정확한 도로시설물 매핑이 가능하지만 장비가 고가이고 전문적인 기술이 요구된다. 또한 대상물의 위치 정확도가 GPS 정확도에 크게 좌우된다. 도로시설물 매핑의 경우, 지상 측량이나 유인 항공기에 비해 드론의 운용 장점이 부각되는 분야이다. 특히, 지상 측량에 비해 효율적이고, 유인 항공기에 비해 저예산으로 고해상도의 영상의 획득이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 도로표지를 대상으로 기존의 모바일 매핑 시스템에 의해 측정된 위치정보의 정확도를 GPS 지상 측량에 의해 검증하고 드론 항공사진 측량 결과와 비교분석 하였다. 드론 항공사진측량에 의한 경우 획득 가능한 공간 정확성을 확인하기 위해 기준점 수 및 중복도에 변화에 따른 정확성을 평가해보았다. 실험 결과 도로 양 끝에 분포한 2개의 기준점으로 충분한 정확도를 얻을 수 있었으며 60%의 중복도로 도로표지의 좌표를 산출하는데 활용할 수 있었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.461-468
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• 2021

모든 생애주기에서 건설현장을 3D 데이터로 관리하게 되는 스마트건설에 있어서 드론의 역할은 날로 증대하고 있다. 드론을 통하여 건설현장에 대하여 얻게 되는 수치표면모델과 정사영상이 모두 포인트 클라우드 데이터로 이루어지기 때문이다. 본 연구는 고속도로 건설현장에서 드론 활용을 보다 체계적으로 하기 위하여 드론 활용을 위한 표준공종을 개발하는 것이다. 연구를 위하여 우리나라 고속도로 건설현장 두 곳을 테스트베드로 설정하고 드론 촬영 시범사업을 통하여 드론 적용이 가능한 공종을 도출하고 검증하였다. 연구결과 도로계획, 도로설계 및 유지관리부분에 각각 세 개의 공종을 개발하였고, 도로시공에 있어서는 다섯개의 공종에 21개의 세부공종을 개발할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 '고속도로 건설현장 드론활용 표준공종'을 활용한다면 고속도로 건설현장뿐 아니라 다른 도로 건설현장에서도 드론을 활용하여 보다 체계적으로 건설현장을 관리할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.147-157
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• 2022

최근 CCTV (Closed Circuit TeleVision)나 드론영상을 활용하여 인공지능 기반 예측 모델을 통해 차량을 분류하는 객체인식이나 교통량 분석을 하는 많은 연구들이 수행되고 있다. 정확한 교통량 추정을 위한 객체인식 딥러닝 모델을 개발하기 위해서는 체계적인 데이터 구축이 요구되는데 이와 관련된 표준화된 가이드라인은 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 드론영상을 활용한 인공지능 기반 교통량 추정 학습데이터 구축 가이드라인 도출을 위하여 선행연구를 분석하고 사업보고서나 기존 인공지능 학습용 데이터 구축 및 품질관리 가이드라인을 참고하였다. 데이터 구축 가이드라인은 크게 데이터 획득, 가공, 검증으로 분류되며, 항목 별 유의사항 및 평가지표 가이드라인을 제시하였다. 본 연구의 결과물인 데이터 구축 가이드라인은 드론 영상 인공지능 기반 도로교통량 추정 분석을 하는데 강건하고 일반화된 인공지능 모델 개발에 도움을 제공하고자 한다.