• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• 제68권
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• pp.279-306
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• 2021

This paper intends to say that children's worship as a liturgy for children living in modern society is an important place to support children's personal development and experience of coziness necessary for their personal development. To this end, this thesis first regards modern society as an unstable society, analyzes fluid society and individualism as the causes, and deals with changes in educational style accordingly. In a fluid society, children are not provided with a solid form and lasting environment that supports personality development, and the education style changed under the influence of individualism and pluralism requires a heavy task of determining the direction of one's life and constantly making choices and decisions. Therefore, children need rules and forms that help them live together, and they need a space that can give them comfort that helps them develop their personality. As an argument for this, second, this paper deals with the concept and function of the liturgy in order to understand the worship of children as the liturgy. The third deals with the elements necessary for the development of children's personality that can be experienced in children's worship. First, it deals with the meaning of religious, aesthetic, and communal driving forces that children can experience in children's worship, focusing on Eberhard's research. In addition, it deals with the meaning of language and expression methods provided in children's worship, and finally, it says that children's worship can be a space where you can experience stability and coziness. Through this, it is emphasized that children's worship can play an important role in supporting the personal development of children living in modern times.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2022

Recently, as underground facilities buried under roads in Korea are aging, the amount of underground facility maintenance work is rapidly increasing. For the maintenance and management of such underground facilities, the cutting work of the road pavement should be preceded. However, the conventional road pavement cutters used in Korea are not eco-friendly, and the reality is that they generate a lot of noise and cutting sludge (scattering dust). Therefore, in this study, the concept of the cutting sludge recovery device was derived, and an eco-friendly pavement cutter including this function was designed and manufactured. The developed equipment took about 20 to 30 seconds to cut 1m to a depth of 100 to 150mm. Also, the sludge suction performance was good in most sections, and the noise level of the equipment briefly measured at a distance of 2m was 82.7dB on average. However, due to the limitation that the developed equipment was at the level of the first prototype, the driving stability was somewhat low, and equipment abnormalities such as engine shutdown and sludge recovery performance decreased in some cases. The cutting performance and sludge recovery function will be more stable through tuning and improvement of the developed prototype in the future. In addition, we plan to quantitatively compare and analyze productivity by applying the improved prototype to actual field conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• 제24권6_2호
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• pp.729-735
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• 2021

Recently Artificial Intelligence(AI) has been developed and used in various fields. Especially AI recognition technology can perceive and distinguish images so it should plays a significant role in quality inspection process. For stability of autonomous driving technology, semiconductors inside automobiles must be protected from external electromagnetic wave(EM wave). As a shield film, a thin polymeric material with hole shaped micro-patterns created by a laser processing could be used for the protection. The shielding efficiency of the film can be increased by the hole structure with appropriate pitch and size. However, since the sensitivity of micro-machining for some parameters, the shape of every single hole can not be same, even it is possible to make defective patterns during process. And it is absolutely time consuming way to inspect all patterns by just using optical microscope. In this paper, we introduce a AI inspection system which is based on web site AI tool. And we evaluate the usefulness of AI model by calculate Area Under ROC curve(Receiver Operating Characteristics). The AI system can classify the micro-patterns into normal or abnormal ones displaying the text of the result on real-time images and save them as image files respectively. Furthermore, pressing the running button, the Hardware of robot arm with two Arduino motors move the film on the optical microscopy stage in order for raster scanning. So this AI system can inspect the entire micro-patterns of a film automatically. If our system could collect much more identified data, it is believed that this system should be a more precise and accurate process for the efficiency of the AI inspection. Also this one could be applied to image-based inspection process of other products.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.129-140
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• 2023

Following ISO 20471, in this study, first, two sets of safety clothes and safety vests were made by designing and attaching animal and bird patterns preferred by children to retroreflective films and black fabrics on those fluorescent fabrics and retroreflective materials prescribed by international standards. Second, by mounting a smart photonic device on the safety clothing so that the body can be recognized from a distance even without an ambient light source at night, children can emit three types of light depending on the situation with just one-touch of the button. From a result of comparison with visibility a day and night by dressing a mannequin in the made smart safety clothing, the difference in visibility was evident at night, it was confirmed that we can see the figure of a person even at a distance of approximately 70 m. Therefore, it is expected to contribute to the prevention of traffic and other accidents on the road, as the drivers driving at night or in bad weather can recognize a person from a distance. Third, in case of the energy is exhausted and cannot maintain the stability of the light-emitting function of the optical faber, we can use energy harvesting device, and the light-emitting time will be extended. As a result it comes up to emit light stably for a long time. And this prove that smart photonic safety clothing can also be used for night workers. Therefore, optical fiber safety clothing is expected to be highly wearable not only in real life but also in dark industrial sites due to stable charging by applying the energy harvesting provided by solar cells.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2024

As the self-driving car market continues to grow, the need for charging infrastructure is growing. However, in the case of a wireless charging system, stability issues are being raised because it requires a large amount of power compared with conventional wired charging. SAE J2954 is a standard for building autonomous vehicle wireless charging infrastructure, and the standard defines a communication method between a vehicle and a power transmission system. SAE J2954 recommends using physical media such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and UWB as a wireless charging communication method for autonomous vehicles to enable communication between the vehicle and the charging pad. In particular, UWB is a suitable solution for indoor and outdoor charging environments because it exhibits robust communication capabilities in indoor environments and is not sensitive to interference. In this standard, the process for building a wireless power transmission system is divided into several stages from the start to the completion of charging. In this study, UWB technology is used as a means of fine alignment, a process in the wireless power transmission system. To determine the applicability to an actual autonomous vehicle wireless power transmission system, experiments were conducted based on distance, and the distance information was collected from UWB. To improve the accuracy of the distance data obtained from UWB, we propose a Single Model and Multi Model that apply machine learning and deep learning techniques to the collected data through a three-step preprocessing process.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2008년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.107-108
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• 2008

The spectacular development of AMLCDs, been made possible by a-Si:H technology, still faces two major drawbacks due to the intrinsic structure of a-Si:H, namely a low mobility and most important a shift of the transfer characteristics of the TFTs when submitted to bias stress. This has lead to strong research in the crystallization of a-Si:H films by laser and furnace annealing to produce polycrystalline silicon TFTs. While these devices show improved mobility and stability, they suffer from uniformity over large areas and increased cost. In the last decade we have focused on microcrystalline silicon (${\mu}c$-Si:H) for bottom gate TFTs, which can hopefully meet all the requirements for mass production of large area AMOLED displays [1,2]. In this presentation we will focus on the transfer of a deposition process based on the use of $SiF_4$-Ar-$H_2$ mixtures from a small area research laboratory reactor into an industrial gen 1 AKT reactor. We will first discuss on the optimization of the process conditions leading to fully crystallized films without any amorphous incubation layer, suitable for bottom gate TFTS, as well as on the use of plasma diagnostics to increase the deposition rate up to 0.5 nm/s [3]. The use of silicon nanocrystals appears as an elegant way to circumvent the opposite requirements of a high deposition rate and a fully crystallized interface [4]. The optimized process conditions are transferred to large area substrates in an industrial environment, on which some process adjustment was required to reproduce the material properties achieved in the laboratory scale reactor. For optimized process conditions, the homogeneity of the optical and electronic properties of the ${\mu}c$-Si:H films deposited on $300{\times}400\;mm$ substrates was checked by a set of complementary techniques. Spectroscopic ellipsometry, Raman spectroscopy, dark conductivity, time resolved microwave conductivity and hydrogen evolution measurements allowed demonstrating an excellent homogeneity in the structure and transport properties of the films. On the basis of these results, optimized process conditions were applied to TFTs, for which both bottom gate and top gate structures were studied aiming to achieve characteristics suitable for driving AMOLED displays. Results on the homogeneity of the TFT characteristics over the large area substrates and stability will be presented, as well as their application as a backplane for an AMOLED display.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2008년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.1520-1521
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• 2008

There are several ways to demonstrate white organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) for displays and solid state lighting applications. Among these approaches are the stacked three primary or two complementary colors light-emitting layers, multiple-doped emissive layer, and excimer and exciplex emission [1-10]. We report on white phosphorescent excimer devices by using two light emitting materials based on platinum complexes. These devices showed a peak EQE of 15.7%, with an EQE of 14.5% (17 lm/W) at $500\;cd/m^2$, and a noticeable improvement in both the CIE coordinates (0.381, 0.401) and CRI (81). Devices with the structure ITO/PEDOT:PSS/TCTA (30 nm)/26 mCPy: 12% FPt (10 nm) /26 mCPy: 2% Pt-4 (15 nm)/BCP (40 nm)/CsF/Al [device 1], ITO/PEDOT:PSS/TCTA (30 nm)/26 mCPy: 2% Pt-4 (15 nm)/26 mCPy: 12% FPt (10 nm)/BCP (40 nm)/CsF/Al [device 2], and ITO/PEDOT:PSS/TCTA (30 nm)/26 mCPy: 2% Pt-4: 12% FPt (25 nm)/BCP (40 nm)/CsF/Al [device 3] were fabricated. In these cases, the emissive layer was either the double-layer of 26 mCPy:12% FPt and 15 nm 26 mCPy: 2% Pt-4, or the single layer of 26mCPy with simultaneous doping of Pt-4 and FPt. Device characterization indicates that the CIE coordinates/CRI of device 2 were (0.341, 0.394)/75, (0.295, 0.365)/70 at 5 V and 7 V, respectively. Significant change in EL spectra with the drive voltage was observed for device 2 indicating a shift in the carrier recombination zone, while relatively stable EL spectra was observed for device 1. This indicates a better charge trapping in Pt-4 doped layers [10]. On the other hand, device 3 having a single light-emitting layer (doped simultaneously) emitted a board spectrum combining emission from the Pt-4 monomer and FPt excimer. Moreover, excellent color stability independent of the drive voltage was observed in this case. The CIE coordinates/CRI at 4 V ($40\;cd/m^2$) and 7 V ($7100\;cd/m^2$) were (0.441, 0.421)/83 and (0.440, 0.427)/81, respectively. A balance in the EL spectra can be further obtained by lowering the doping ratio of FPt. In this regard, devices with FPt concentration of 8% (denoted as device 4) were fabricated and characterized. A shift in the CIE coordinates of device 4 from (0.441, 0.421) to (0.382, 0.401) was observed due to an increase in the emission intensity ratio of Pt-4 monomer to FPt excimer. It is worth noting that the CRI values remained above 80 for such device structure. Moreover, a noticeable stability in the EL spectra with respect to changing bias voltage was measured indicating a uniform region for exciton formation. A summary of device characteristics for all cases discussed above is shown in table 1. The forward light output in each case is approximately $500\;cd/m^2$. Other parameters listed are driving voltage (Bias), current density (J), external quantum efficiency (EQE), power efficiency (P.E.), luminous efficiency (cd/A), and CIE coordinates. To conclude, a highly efficient white phosphorescent excimer-based OLEDs made with two light-emitting platinum complexes and having a simple structure showed improved EL characteristics and color properties. The EQE of these devices at $500\;cd/m^2$ is 14.5% with a corresponding power efficiency of 17 lm/W, CIE coordinates of (0.382, 0.401), and CRI of 81.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.307-316
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• 2010

Complex terrain refers to irregular surface properties of the earth that influence gradients in climate, lateral transfer of materials, landscape distribution in soils properties, habitat selection of organisms, and via human preferences, the patterning in development of land use. Complex terrain of mountainous areas represents ca. 20% of the Earth's terrestrial surface; and such regions provide fresh water to at least half of humankind. Most major river systems originate in such terrain, and their resources are often associated with socio-economic competition and political disputes. The goals of the TERRECO-IRTG focus on building a bridge between ecosystem understanding in complex terrain and spatial assessments of ecosystem performance with respect to derived ecosystem services. More specifically, a coordinated assessment framework will be developed from landscape to regional scale applications to quantify trade-offs and will be applied to determine how shifts in climate and land use in complex terrain influence naturally derived ecosystem services. Within the scope of TERRECO, the abiotic and biotic studies of water yield and quality, production and biodiversity, soil processing of materials and trace gas emissions in complex terrain are merged. There is a need to quantitatively understand 1) the ecosystem services derived in regions of complex terrain, 2) the process regulation occurred to maintain those services, and 3) the sensitivities defining thresholds critical in stability of these systems. The TERRECO-IRTG is dedicated to joint study of ecosystems in complex terrain from landscape to regional scales. Our objectives are to reveal the spatial patterns in driving variables of essential ecosystem processes involved in ecosystem services of complex terrain region and hence, to evaluate the resulting ecosystem services, and further to provide new tools for understanding and managing such areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.441-447
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• 2023

Lead(Pb), which is currently mainly used for shielding purposes in the medical radiation, has excellent radiation shielding functions, but is continuously exposed to radiation directly or indirectly due to the harmfulness of lead itself to the human body and the inconvenience caused by its heavy weight. Research on shielding materials that are human-friendly, lightweight, and convenient to use that can block risks and replace lead is continuously being conducted. In this study, based on the commonly used polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film and the fabric material used in actual radiation protective clothing, a multi-layer thin film was realized through sputtering and vacuum deposition of bismuth, tungsten, and tin, which are metal materials that can shield radiation. Thus, a shielding film was produced and its applicability as a radiation shielding material was evaluated. The radiation shielding film was manufactured by establishing the optimized conditions for each shielding material while controlling the applied voltage, roll driving speed, and gas supply amount to manufacture the shielding film. The adhesion between the parent material and the shielding metal thin film was confirmed by Cross-cut 100/100, and the stability of the thin film was confirmed through a hot water test for 1 hour to measure the change of the thin film over time. The shielding performance of the finally realized shielding film was measured by the Korea association for radiation application (KARA), and the test conditions (inverse wide beam, tube voltage 50 kV, half layer 1.828 mmAl) were set to obtain an attenuation ratio of 16.4 (initial value 0.300 mGy/s, measured value 0.018 mGy/s) and damping ratio 4.31 (initial value 0.300 mGy/s, measured value 0.069 mGy/s) were obtained. by securing process efficiency for future commercialization, light and shielding films and fabrics were used to lay the foundation for the application of films to radiation protective clothing or construction materials with shielding functions.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.257-267
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• 2023

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to fabricate a prototype robotic simulator for dental education, to test whether it could simulate mandibular movements, and to assess the possibility of the stimulator responding to stimuli during dental practice. Materials and methods. A virtual simulator model was developed based on segmentation of the hard tissues using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data. The simulator frame was 3D printed using polylactic acid (PLA) material, and dentiforms and silicone face skin were also inserted. Servo actuators were used to control the movements of the simulator, and the simulator's response to dental stimuli was created by pressure and water level sensors. A water level test was performed to determine the specific threshold of the water level sensor. The mandibular movements and mandibular range of motion of the simulator were tested through computer simulation and the actual model. Results. The prototype robotic simulator consisted of an operational unit, an upper body with an electric device, a head with a temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and dentiforms. The TMJ of the simulator was capable of driving two degrees of freedom, implementing rotational and translational movements. In the water level test, the specific threshold of the water level sensor was 10.35 ml. The mandibular range of motion of the simulator was 50 mm in both computer simulation and the actual model. Conclusion. Although further advancements are still required to improve its efficiency and stability, the upper-body prototype simulator has the potential to be useful in dental practice education.