• Computers and Concrete
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• 제2권5호
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• pp.345-366
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• 2005

This work presents an assessment of the computational performance of a vector-parallel implementation of probabilistic model for concrete cracking in 3D. This paper shows the continuing efforts towards code optimization as reported in earlier works Paz, et al. (2002a,b and 2003). The probabilistic crack approach is based on the direct Monte Carlo method. Cracking is accounted by means of 3D interface elements. This approach considers that all nonlinearities are restricted to interface elements modeling cracks. The heterogeneity governs the overall cracking behavior and related size effects on concrete fracture. Computational kernels in the implementation are the inexact Newton iterative driver to solve the non-linear problem and a preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) driver to solve linearized equations, using an element by element (EBE) strategy to compute matrix-vector products. In particular the paper analyzes code behavior using OpenMP directives in parallel vector processors (PVP), such as the CRAY SV1 and CRAY T94. The impact of the memory architecture on code performance, and also some strategies devised to circumvent this issue are addressed by numerical experiment.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권4B호
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• pp.677-686
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 유무선 통합 환경의 차세대 방통융합 서비스를 위한 기반 기술로서 다양한 액세스 망에 대한 다중 접속 인터페이스를 갖는 멀티모드 단말의 인터페이스 가상화 기법을 소개한다. 제안된 가상 인터페이스 기술은 멀티모드 단말의 각 물리 인터페이스에 대해 상이한 IP 주소를 할당하고 패킷 전달 시 이들 주소간의 변환을 수행하는 기존의 방식과 달리, 고정된 하나의 단일 IP 주소 만을 이용하여 다수의 물리 인터페이스들을 가상화하는 기능을 제공한다. 따라서 패킷 전달 시 IP 주소 변환 등 단말 기능 변경을 요구하지 않으므로 Proxy MIP와 같은 네트워크 기반 IP 이동성 제어 기술과 연계하여 적용하기에 용이한 장점을 제공한다. 또한 기존의 OS가 단일 단말 내의 상이한 물리 인터페이스에 대해 동일 IP 주소를 할당할 수 없도록 하는 제약사항을 극복함으로써 MBB(Make-Before-Break) 방식의 핸드오버 제어뿐만 아니라 BBM(Break-Before-Make), 다중 접속(Multi-connection) 등과 같은 다양한 방식을 모두 지원할 수 있는 장점을 갖는다. 제안된 가상 인터페이스는 네트워크장치 인터페이스 표준 규격으로 개발된 NDIS 라이브러리를 이용하여 구현되었으며, 테스트베드 구축과 시험 프로그램 개발을 통해 주요 기능의 시험 및 동작 결과를 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 가상 인터페이스를 통해 멀티모드 단말이 이종 액세스 망간 핸드오버를 수행하는 도중에도 동일한 IP 주소를 이용하여 실시간 멀티미디어 서비스 세션을 끊김없이 유지하도록 지원하는 것이 가능하다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1408-1415
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• 2007

To operate Platform Screen Door (PSD) automatically, the operational data of PSD and the train must be interfaced properly. PSD and train are operated together by the signaling system in Automatic Train Operation (ATO) signaling system zone where interfaces are provided between PSD and train. However, the additional PSD interface system with train is required in train operating zone without the interface between PSD and train. For the PSD interface, the wireless communication system or the train status (train correct stop status / train door status) detection system has been used. Seoul Metro line No.2. has the PSD wireless communication system using 447MHz band RF. For the safety of PSD operation, it is required to prevent RF interference in the subway environment where many frequencies exist. In this paper, the PSD wireless communication system is developed using 2.4GHz band RF to prevent the interference of the wireless communication and increase the traffic of the PSD interface. Furthermore, the improved system can store, manage and display the PSD and train operational data using Human Machine Interface (HMI) in the train's driver cab.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.37-41
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• 2013

스마트폰의 차세대 인터페이스 연구의 일환인 지능형 사용자 인터페이스 플렛폼(Smart Use Interface Platform : SUIP)은 스마트폰의 플랫폼을 확장하기 위하여 연구되었으며 플랫폼 기능이 탑재된 외부 디바이스의 찾기와 해당 디바이스의 디바이스 드라이버의 동적 로딩기능 등을 가지고 있다. 본 논문은 지능형사용자 인터페이스 플렛폼에 직접 접속하기 힘든 센서네트워크나 기타 디바이스들을 중간에 변환과정을 통해 플렛폼에 접속이 가능하게 하며 아울러 접속된 디바이스의 기능을 강화할 수 있는 센서 등을 결합한 플랫폼 변환기인 SUIP 변환기를 구현하고 이에 대한 용용을 소개하고 있다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.85-101
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• 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate smart secondary controls using iPad for the drivers with physical disabilities in the driving simulator. Background: The physically disabled drivers face problems in the operation of secondary control devices that accept a control input from a driver for the purpose of operating the subsystems of a motor vehicle. Many of conventional secondary controls consist of small knobs or switches that physically disabled drivers have difficulties in grasping, pulling or twisting. Therefore, their use while driving might increase distraction and workload because of longer operation time. Method: We examined the operation time of conventional and smart secondary controls, such as hazard warning, turn signal, window, windshield wiper, headlights, automatic transmission and horn. The hardware of smart secondary control system was composed of iPad, wireless router, digital input/output module and relay switch. We used the STISim Drive3 software for driving test, customized Labview and Xcode programs for interface control of smart secondary system. Nine subjects were involved in the study for measuring operation time of secondary controls. Results: When the driver was in the stationary condition, the average operation time of smart secondary devices decreased 32.5% in the normal subjects (p <0.01), 47.4% in the subjects with left hemiplegic disabilities (p <0.01) and 38.8% in the subjects with right hemiplegic disabilities (p <0.01) compared with conventional secondary devices. When the driver was driving for the test in the simulator, the average operation time of smart secondary devices decreased 36.1% in the normal subjects (p <0.01), 41.7% in the subjects with left hemiplegic disabilities (p <0.01) and 34.1% in the subjects with right hemiplegic disabilities (p <0.01) compared with conventional secondary devices. Conclusion: The smart secondary devices using iPad for people with hemiplegic disabilities showed significant reduction of operation time compared with conventional secondary controls. Application: This study can be used to design secondary controls for adaptive vehicles and to improve the quality of life of the people with disabilities.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.571-577
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• 2021

본 연구는 기존의 엔진 없이 전기로 운행되는 자동차에 가상의 엔진소리를 구현해주는 반도체 에 관한 연구로, 운전자의 욕구 및 보행자의 안전을 지키기 위해 Adaptive Difference PCM(ADPCM) 방식과 Frequency modulation 방식을 조합하여 생생한 엔진음을 구현하였다. 또한 미디를 응용하는 전자음 합성 알고리즘을 제안하여 엔진음 합성방법, 엔진음 발생 시스템의 구성 모델을 제시한다. 본 연구는 운전자와 보행자를 모두 만족시키기 위해 캔 통신을 이용하여 운전자의 운전 습관에 따라 전해지는 엔진회전량, 차량 속도, 가속 페달 눌림 량, 토크 등의 정보를 받은 후, 미리 설정된 적절한 파라미터에 따라 주파수 변조를 위한 인터폴레이션, 정보량 축소를 위하 ADPCM 알고리즘, 엔진음을 쉽게 만들기 위한 미디 포맷을 이용하여 시스템과 운전자의 의도를 정확히 반영할 수 있는 인터렉션 알고리즘을 구현하였다.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1998년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.13.1-18
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• 1998

IVNS(In-Vehicle Navigation System) which developed by the advance of technological system including computer, display and communication will procide the important interface functions between the driver and the ITS (Intelligent Transport System). However, hat the human factors engineer can actually offer to the designer is by no means a complete set of design specifications. Therefore, a set of boundary conditions and operational ranges within which the designer can be assured that physical, perceptual and cognitive abilities and limitations of drivers will be accommodated system atically[6]. Also, this will be the considerations to compose the IVNS HMI (Human-Machine Interface) design guidelines and IVNS HMI evaluation system. As the first phase of developing the IVNS HMI evaluation system, this paper describe the architecture and the content of this system.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2005

In this paper, interface circuits that are suitable for point-to-point interconnection with an over 1 Gbps data rate per pin are proposed. To achieve a successful data transfer rate of multi-gigabits per-second between two chips with a point-to-point interconnection, the input receiver uses an on-chip parallel terminator of the pass gate style, while the output driver uses the pullup and pulldown transistors of the diode-connected style. In addition, the novel dynamic voltage level converter (DVLC) has solved such problems as the access time increase and valid data window reduction. These schemes were adopted on a 64 Mb DDR SRAM with a 1.5 Gbps data rate per pin and fabricated using a 0.10 ${\mu}m$ dual gate oxide CMOS technology.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1997년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국전력공사 서울연수원; 17-18 Oct. 1997
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• pp.748-751
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• 1997

The White Beamline of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory(PAL) consists of main and second slits, a microprobe system, two ion chambers, a video-microscope, and a Si(Li) detector. These machine components must be controlled remotely through computer system to make user experiments precise and speedy. A real-time computer control system was developed to control and monitor these machine components. A VNIEbus computer with OS-9 real-time operating system was used for low-level data acquisition and control. VME I/O modules were used for step motor control and scaler control. The software has modular structure for maximum performance and easy maintenance. We developed database, I/O driver, and control software. We used PC/Window95 for data logging and operator interface. Visual C++ was used graphical user interface programming. RS232C was used for communication between VME and PC.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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• pp.138-142
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• 2004

In this paper, we present a new method for monitoring of ECU's sensor signals of vehicle. In order to measure the ECU's sensor signals, the interfaced circuit is designed to communicate ECU and the Embedded Linux is used to monitor communication result through Web the Embedded Linux system and this system is said "ECU Interface Part". In ECU Interface Part the interface circuit is designed to match voltage level between ECU and SA-1110 micro controller and interface circuit to communicate ECU according to the ISO, SAE communication protocol standard. Because Embedded Linux does not allow to access hardware directly in application level, anyone who wants to modify any low level hardware must develop device driver. To monitor ECU's sensor signals the most important thing is to match serial level between ECU and ECU Interface Part. It means to communicate correctly between two hardware we need to match voltage and signal level, and need to match baudrate. The voltage of SA-1110 is 0 ${\sim}$ +3.3V and ECU is 0 ${\sim}$ +12V and, ECU's communication Line K does multiple operation so, the interface circuit is used to match voltage and signal level. In Addition to ECU's baudrate is 10400bps, it's not standard baudrate in computer environment. So, we need to develop a device driver to control the interface circuit, and change baudrate. To monitor ECU's sensor signals through web there's a network socket program is working in Embedded Linux. It works as server program and manages user's connections and commands. Anyone who wants to monitor ECU's sensor signals he just only connect to Embedded Linux system with web browser then, Embedded Linux webserver will return the ActiveX webbased measurement software. It works in web browser and inits ECU, as a result it returns sensor signals through web. All the programs are developed with GCC(GNU C Compiler) and, webbased measurement software is developed with Borland C++ Builder.