• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.53-72
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• 2009

More than 24.43 million people received a special pardon to mark the anniversary of Liberation Day on Aug. 15 and to commemorate other national event, during 15years(1995-2009), in this period six times of presidential pardon was implemented. The special pardon allows traffic law violator to drive again with their violation records wiped clean. But traffic records show that traffic accidents used to increase very fast in a short period by up to 3-15 percent after implementing the every massive pardons. This study explores the causal feedback relationship between presidential special pardon for traffic law violators and the occurrence of an traffic accidents using a system thinking approach and simulation modelling. Particularly, this study focused on the analysing significant negative impact of the traffic pardon on the occurrence of worrisome traffic accidents. The results of this study show that presidential special pardon have had impact on the traffic accidents as a increasing leverage of positive feedback loop and the obedience of traffic law as a decreasing leverage of negative feedback loop. Finally, this study conclude that the cyclical increasing pattern of traffic accident is resulting from the periodically conducted presidential pardons with political aims.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 2011

Purpose : We investigated the career choice and the employment preparation of emergency medical technology (EMT) students. The results of study will provide the base information about the consciousness for career choice and employment of the EMT students. Method : We conducted 1,586 surveys from 665 students at six four-year colleges and 921 students at seven three-year colleges, from Aug. 27th to Oct. 31st in 2010. The result was analyzed by SPSS 18.0 using description statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe and Pearson correlation coefficient. Result : The general characteristics showed male 50.2% and female 49.8%, and first grade 34.6%, second grade 27.4%, third grade 28.2%, and fourth grade 9.8%. The 53.9% of students had experienced the hospital training and the 44.8% did the fire station training. For the choice of job, there were the 61.8% student who hope to enter the employ in fire station or public service, while 25.7% students hope to be employed in hospitals. The reason for a wish job were 'majors-related job' in 18.2% students, 'employment stability' in 17.2% and 'hit on the aptitude and talent' in 16.7%, 'appropriate salaries' in 15.9%. In the questionnaire of the University what to assist you for job preparation, they chose the 'support for get major related license', 'support for officer exam preparation' and 'support of foreign language study' in 34.6%, 16.8% and 16.6%, respectively. For achieved licence, they had a driver's license in 53.9%, BLS (basic life support) provider in 20.3%, life guard in 16.2% and scuba in 8.8%. The statistically significant correlation was identified between the awareness of University that provides job information and one's career awareness (r= .203, p<.000), the awareness that University provide job information and one's confidence in employment (r= .236, p<.000), and one's career awareness and one's confidence in employment (r = .356, p = .000). Conclusion : The most of EMT Students are well conscious of the their future employment and has prepared career to be employed their preference job.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2022

Drunk driving defines a driver as unable to drive a vehicle safely due to drinking. To crack down on drunk driving, alcohol concentration evaluates through breathing and crack down on drinking using S-shaped courses. A method for assessing drunk driving without using BAC or BrAC is measurement via biosignal. Depending on the individual specificity of drinking, alcohol evaluation studies through various biosignals need to be conducted. In this study, we measure biosignals that are related to alcohol concentration, predict BrAC through SVM, and verify the effectiveness of the S-shaped course. Participants were 8 men who have a driving license. Subjects conducted a d2 test and a scenario evaluation of driving an S-shaped course when they attained BrAC's certain criteria. We utilized SVR to predict BrAC via biosignals. Statistical analysis used a one-way Anova test. Depending on the amount of drinking, there was a tendency to increase pupil size, HR, normLF, skin conductivity, body temperature, SE, and speed, while normHF tended to decrease. There was no apparent change in the respiratory rate and TN-E. The result of the D2 test tended to increase from 0.03% and decrease from 0.08%. Measured biosignals have enabled BrAC predictions using SVR models to obtain high Figs in primary and secondary cross-validations. In this study, we were able to predict BrAC through changes in biosignals and SVMs depending on alcohol concentration and verified the effectiveness of the S-shaped course drinking control method.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.109-120
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• 2017

It is important to estimate objectively in the driving test. Especially, the driving test is examined by totally driving ability, rule observation and situational judgement. For this, a grading automation system for driving test was presented by using GPS, sensor data and equipment operation informations. This system is composed of vehicle mounted module, automatic grading terminal, data controller, data storage and processing server. The vehicle mounted module gathters sensor data in the car. The terminal performs automatic grading using the received sensor data according the driving test criterion. To overcome the misposition of vehicle in the map due to GPS error, we proposed the automatic grading system by map matching method, path deviation and return algorithm. In the experimental results, it was possible to grade automatically, display the right position of the car, and return to the right path under 10 seconds when the vehicle was out of the shadow region of the GPS. This system can be also applied to the driving education.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.11
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• pp.87-104
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• 2015

Currently the IoT (Internet of Things) environments and related technologies are being developed rapidly through the networks for connecting many intelligent objects. The IoT is providing artificial intelligent services combined with context recognition based knowledge and communication methods between human and objects and objects to objects. With the help of IoT technology, many research works are being developed using the C-ITS (Cooperative Intelligent Transport System) which uses road infrastructure and traveling vehicles as traffic control infrastructures and resources for improving and increasing driver's convenience and safety through two way communication such as bus-only lane and license plate recognition and road accidents, works ahead reports, which are eventually for advancing traffic effectiveness. In this paper, a system for deciding whether the traveling vehicle is possible or not to drive on bus-only lane in highway is researched using the lane and number plate recognition on the road in C-ITS traffic infrastructure environments. The number plates of vehicles on the straight ahead and sides are identified after the location of bus-only lane is discovered through the lane recognition method. Research results and experimental outcomes are presented which are supposed to be used by traffic management infrastructure and controlling system in future.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.16-27
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• 2016

This study identified the factors which affect pedestrian behavior using the tobit model with a descriptive analysis. Individual characteristics, household characteristics, zone characteristics were selected as the independent variables. Walking frequency and walking time was adopted for the variables which represent walking behavior. The results showed that the walking time models were superior than the walking frequency models. The model for education purpose had the most lowest fitness and the model for others purpose had characteristics mixed up the various purposes. Futhermore, this research found that independent variables: individual, household and zone characteristic variables affected walking activities of elderly pedestrian by purpose. The walking activity decresed when a pedestrian grew older or had a vehicle or a driver's license. The Elderly facilities promoted the walking activity of seniors. As the floor area of neighborhood and business facilities was wide, the walking activities were animated. In addition, the compacted downtown developments decreased the elderly's walking activities, so it is needed to consider those results in terms of the urban planners.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.55
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• pp.231-254
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• 2003

The main premise of this study is that the assurance on human rights of the mentally ill is contradictory to 'the greatest happiness of the greatest number' or 'therapeutic benefits'. Accordingly this study aims to find out the conceptual framework of assurance and restriction on human rights of the mentally ill. Using qualitative method, this study conducted the in-depth interview with 10 general public, 9 professionals, 6 mentally ill regarding the several issues of human rights included long-term hospitalization, restriction on driver's licence, involuntary hospitalization, restriction on communication in psychiatric ward. Research results are as follows ; two sets of dimensions are inferred from the analysis of interview transcript. First dimension is the focus of justification, ranging from the emphasis on positive consequences influenced to 'the greatest numbers'(the utilitarian thought) to the emphasis on assurance of rights without any conditions(the deontological thought). Second dimension is the locus of decision, raging from the formal system included the professionals and the government agency to the informal system included the families and the mentally ill. And there are differences in attitudes toward assurance and restriction on rights of the mentally ill among general public, professionals, and the mentally ill. In detail, general public regarded that 'involuntary hospitalization' and 'restriction on driver's license' which are apt to be directly harmful to people must be justified by consequence-centered and decided by the formal system, while 'long-term hospitalization' which is less harmful to people could be justified by right-centered and decided by the formal-system. And they thought that 'restriction of communication' could be justified by right-centered and decided by the informal system. Based on the findings, this study would conclude that practical guidelines for the promotion of human rights of the mentally ill must be developed.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.319-325
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop the assistive device for accelerator and brake pedals using bio-signals from the prefrontal lobe in the driving simulator and evaluate its performance. Background: There is lack of assistive devices for the driving in peoples with disabilities in Korea. However, if bio-signals and/or brain waves are used at driving a car, the people with serious physical limitations can improve their community mobility. Method: 15 subjects with driver's license participated in this study for experiment of driving performance evaluation in the simulator. Each subject drove the simulator the same course 10 times in three separated groups which use different interface controllers to accelerate and brake: (1) conventional pedal group, (2) joystick group and (3) bio-signal group(horizontal quick glance of the eyes and clench teeth). All experiments were recorded and the driving performances were evaluated by three inspectors. Results: Average score of bio-signal group for the driving in the simulator was increased 3% compared with the pedal group and was increased 9% compared with the joystick group(p<0.01). The subjects using bio-signals was decreased 44% in number of deduction compared with others because the device had the built-in modified cruise control. Conclusion: The assistive device for accelerator and brake pedals using bio-signals showed significantly better performance than using general pedal and a joystick interface(p<0.01). Application: This study can be used to design adaptive vehicle for driving in people with disabilities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.61-70
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• 2012

This research explores different non-work trip characteristics between the elderly group (65+) and the working age group (20-64) using heteroscadastic ordered logit model. The analysis is based on travel survey data of Seoul Metropolitan area in 2006. The results show that age induces heteroscadasticity and the model provides a better fit than ordered logit model. The factors increasing the number of non-work trip of the elderly were driver's license and household income. Conversely, the number of non-work trips decreased in those groups that were male, with a job, in aging, and with the number of preschool children. The factors having opposite effects (increased the number of non-work trips in the working age groups and decreased in the elderly group) between the elderly group and working age group were age and job.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.151-159
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• 2017

This study deals with characteristics and risk of a PM based on user survey result, road driving test and data analysis of PM accident. Text mining method is applied to extract PM accident data from Big Data, which are claim data of private insurance company. Road driving test and survey on safety, convenience, noise, overtake ability, steering ability, and climbing ability of PM are performed to evaluate user's safety and convenience considering domestic road condition. As the result of claim data analysis, annual average increase rate of PM accident is 47.4% and average compensation of personal mobility is higher than that of bicycle by maximum 1.5 times. 79.8% of PM accident is self-caused accident due to unskilled driving and age-specific diagnosis rate of driver over 60 is higher than that of under 60. Diagnosis rate of over 60 at lower limb, foot, rib and spine is especially higher than that of under 60. As the result of road driving test and user survey, satisfaction level on safety and convenience of PM is evaluated as close to that of bicycle and satisfaction level of PM is increased after boarding. Overtake ability, steering ability, and climbing ability of PM are evaluated as same or better than that of bicycle but warning equipment to pedestrian or bike such as horn is required because noise level of PM during driving is too low. Finally, user survey result shows that bicycle road is suitable for PM and safety standard, advance-education and insurance are required for PM. It is suggested that drivers' license for PM can be replaced by advance-education. Results of this study can be used to prepare safety measures and legal basis for PM operation.