• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2012

This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between metabolic syndrome and periodontal in the adult Korean population on the basis of the 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES) data. Of 19-year-old or older adult patients suffering from their disease diagnosed as metabolic syndrome, 1,315 subjects whose community periodontal index(CPI) information was fully available were finally analyzed, and the following conclusions were drawn. 1. It was found that of sociodemographic characteristics, age and educational background correlated to the prevalence of periodontal diseases. With increasing age and poorer educational background, the rates of periodontal diseases increased(p<0.001). 2. It was revealed that of general health behaviors, smoking, alcohol drinking and BMI correlated with the prevalence of periodontal diseases. Higher rates of periodontal diseases were shown in the group of patients who were current smokers(p<0.05), had the higher frequency of drinking per week(p<0.001), and had higher BMI(p<0.005). 3. It was ascertained that of oral health behaviors, the history of oral health examination in the previous year, the use of proxabrush or dental floss, and perceived(i.e., subjective) oral health status correlated to the prevalence of periodontal diseases. The higher rates of periodontal diseases were seen in those who had no history of oral health examination in the previous year(p<0.001), had used neither proxabrush nor dental floss(p<0.05), and perceived that their own oral health was poor(p<0.001).

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.702-710
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to assess the effects of eating habits and health-related lifestyle on blood pressure, $\gamma$-Glutamic acid Peptide Transferase ($\gamma$-GPT), glucose and HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C). All subjects (261 male, 252 female) were from the Iksan area of Korea, and were at least 50 years of age. The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and HDL-C for all the subjects was 131.3 mmHg, 78.5 mmHg, and 43.1 mg/dl, respectively. The HDL-C of the $50{\sim}64$ year-old group was higher than that of the over-75-year-old group. The "regular breakfast" group evidenced a lower SBP, $\gamma$-GPT, and higher HDL-C than the "seldom breakfast" group (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.01). SBP in the "snacking everyday" group was higher than that of the "seldom snacking" group (p<0.001). As for the frequency of using alcohol, SBP and $\gamma$-GPT for the group using alcohol everyday were higher than those of the non-drinking group (p<0.001, p<0.001), SBP and DBP were higher and $\gamma$-GPT was lower in the group that regularly drank more than 4 glasses of Soju than in the non-drinking group (p<0.001, p<0.05, p<0.001). SBP, DBP, and $\gamma$-GPT for the "heavy smoker" group were higher than those of the non-smoker group (p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.05). The HDL-C was lower in the "heavy smoker" group than in the "non-smoker" group (p<0.05). The SBP with exercise was as follows: Group 1 ($0.022{\sim}0.073\;kcal/min/kg$) was lower than that of Group 3 ($0.144{\sim}0.161\;kcal/min/kg$) and Group 4 (0.161 kcal/min/kg) (p<0.001). To conclude: advancing age, snacking, and frequent alcohol consumption increased blood pressure; the lowest blood pressure was detected in the group that ate breakfast everyday and in the group that engaged in more frequent exercise; Moreover, $\gamma$-GPT was higher and HDL-C was lower in the smokers' group than in the non-smokers' group. Considering the results of this study, there appears to be an urgent need to instruct aging adults about eating breakfast everyday, reducing smoking, using less or no alcohol, and getting proper and regular exercise.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2018

Objective : The present study had examined the psychiatric symptoms and physical health consequences for the bereaved parents of the high school students who died in the 2014 Sewol ferry accident. Methods : Forty bereaved parents participated in the study. The authors administered self-report questionnaires about the parents' health behaviors and psychiatric symptoms. The authors also conducted laboratory tests to assess the parents' physical health at 18 and 30 months after the accident. Univariate descriptive statistics were performed to report the prevalence and severity of psychiatric symptoms and health-related behaviors. Paired t-test and Mcnemar test were performed to compare the 18-and 30-month findings. Correlation analysis between psychiatric symptoms and laboratory findings were performed to find a relationship between the two variables. Results : At 30 months after the accident, most of the bereaved parents still appeared to suffer from complicated grief (97.5%), post traumatic stress disorder (80%), insomnia (77.5%) and severe depression (62.5%) based on the scores on the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), the PTSD Check List-5 (PCL-5), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). One quarter of the bereaved parents reported high-risk drinking, and 47.5% reported increased drinking amount and frequency after the accident. In objective laboratory results, 55% of the bereaved parents were obese as defined by body mass index ${\geq}25$. The parents' mean low-density lipoprotein shows a significant increase over time (118.5 mg/dL at 18 months. vs. 132.5 mg/dL at 30 months. paired t-test t=-4.061, $$p{\leq_-}0.001$$). Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein at 30 months after the accident were in clinically borderline high range. In correlation analysis, triglyceride was positively correlated with ISI. Conclusion : The loss of children in the Sewol ferry accident, a disaster caused by human error, continued to have considerable impact on the victims' parents' mental and physical health 18 and 30 months after the accident. A longitudinal study following the parents' physical health would be necessary to investigate the long-term effects of this traumatic experience on physical health.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.393-398
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The association between tea consumption and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) remains controversial. This study aimed to determine whether tea consumption has an effect on CHD risk in Chinese adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In this hospital-based case-control study, 267 cases of CHD and 235 non-CHD controls were enrolled. Blood samples from all cases were examined. Cardiac function indices (left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase of the muscle or brain type), blood lipid index (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and blood coagulation function indices (fibrinogen and activated partial thromboplastin time) were recorded. Tea consumption of study participants was assessed by a specifically designed questionnaire. The baseline characteristics of the study populations were recorded, and CHD-related biomarkers were detected. Differences in baseline characteristics of the study participants were examined using t-tests for continuous variables and chi-squared tests for categorical variables. Unconditional logistic regression was used to measure the association between tea and CHD. RESULTS: There were significant differences in cardiac function indices, blood lipid index, and blood coagulation indices between CHD cases and controls (P < 0.05). We found tea consumption reduced CHD risk in female participants (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.484, 95% CI: 0.242-0.968, P = 0.0403). Regarding the type of tea consumed, the risk of CHD was reduced in women who drank partially fermented tea (adjusted OR = 0.210, 95% CI: 0.084-0.522, P = 0.0008). Analytic results for the amount of tea consumed per unit time showed CHD risk was reduced in women who consumed 1-2 cups of tea per day (adjusted OR = 0.291, 95% CI: 0.131-0.643, P = 0.0023). A tea-drinking frequency of > 6 days/week was beneficial for CHD prevention (adjusted OR = 0.183, 95% CI: 0.049-0.679, P = 0.0112). When analyzed according to the duration of tea consumption, the risk of CHD was reduced in participants who had been drinking tea for 10-20 years (adjusted OR = 0.360, 95% CI: 0.137-0.946, P = 0.0382). CONCLUSIONS: Tea consumption is associated with a reduced risk of CHD in female but not male populations in Guangzhou.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.64-73
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• 2000

There are several candidate genes in genetic study of alcoholism. Among them, allelic associations have been reported between MAOA CA repeat polymorphism and alcohol dependence, recently. And also, several studies have been investigated genotype-phenotype relationships between MAOA CA repeat polymorphism and clinical manifestations. The authors tried to identify differences in allelic frequency of MAOA CA repeat polymorphism between alcohol dependence and controls, and in behavioral trait and clinical characteristics according to MAOA CA repeat polymorphism. We also tried to investigate genotype-phenotype relationships between MAOA CA repeat polymorphism and behavioral trait such as aggression. We examined 49 male patients with alcohol dependence(DSM-IV) who had been admitted in Yong-In Mental Hospital from June 1st 1998 to October 31th 1998. We performed semistructured interview for demographic and clinical characteristics. Self-report questionnaire for BDHI(Buss-Durkey Hostility Inventory) was given to all subject at least 4weeks later after admission. Using polymerase chain reaction and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, MAOA CA repeat polymorphism were observed in 52 male controls and 49 male patients with alcohol dependence. We devided alcoholic patients into two groups according to allelic length of MAOA CA repeat polymorphism ; alcoholics with short alleles(${\leq}$119bp, N=20) and alcoholics with long alleles(${\geq}$123bp, N=29). T-test, ${\chi}^2$-test and Fisher exact probability test were used for statistical analysis. There were no significant differences in frequency of each allele and short and long alleles of MAOA CA repeat polymorphism between alcoholics and controls. But there were significant differences in clinical symptoms and behavioral trait between alcoholics with short and long alleles. In clinical symptoms, alcoholics with long alleles used alcohol more frequently during one month before admission, had much more maximum amount of beer drinking and reported withdrawal seizure more frequently than with short alleles. In contrary, alcoholics with short alleles expressed depressed mood and guilty feeling more frequently and wanted complete abstinence as a treatment goal more frequently than with long alleles. In behavioral trait, alcoholics with long alleles had higher total aggression score and showed much more self-assertive attitude(subscale of expression of aggression) than with short alleles. Allelic length of MAOA CA repeat polymorphism was correlated with self-assertive attitude and accounted for 9% of the variance of self-assertive attitude. And also, predictable variables of allelic length of MAOA CA repeat polymorphism were drinking frequency and self-assertive attitude. Our findings suggest that MAOA CA repeat polymorphism may provide some behavior modifying role especially in self-assertive attitude and indirect symptom modifying role in Korean male alcoholics.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.940-955
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to compare the degree nutrient intake, health status and other characteristics of females aged 65 years and over in a longevity area according to family arrangement. For analysis, 585 female elderly were recruited from the Kugoksoondam area (Kurye, Goksung, Soonchang and Damyang counties), known as the longevity-belt region in Jeonla province, Korea. The subjects were categorized into three groups according to family arrangement (living alone, living with spouse only and living with family). Demographic characteristics were collected, as well as information on physical measurements, blood tests for biochemical indicators, health status and health-related life style, dietary behavior, favorite food groups, consumption frequency of food groups, nutrient intake and mini nutrition assessment. In the group living with their spouse only, the highest education, physical activity, diverse food intake, frequency of eating meats and fish, energy and nutrients intake, and score on the mininutrient status assessment (MNA) were found to be significantly favorable factors. Taken together, these results demonstrated that the group living with their spouse only had relatively superior nutrient intake and the quality of diet. In contrast, the group living alone showed the lowest self-rated economic status, diversity of food intake, and physical activity, with the highest frequency of drinking, smoking and regular exercise for almost everyday compared with the other groups. On the other hand, those living with family demonstrated the lowest intake of supplements or functional foods, and levels of hemoglobin hematocrit MCH, but the highest HBA1c and blood sugar. Therefore, the group living with family was assumed to be at risk of anemia and diabetes. These results could be useful to plan effective strategies to increase the health-life expectancy of Korean elderly people living in rural areas, according to family arrangement.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2 s.28
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• pp.28-39
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• 1994

Clinical studies were made on 79 cases with thalamic hemorrhage diagnosed by computed tomographic scan and only localized on the thalamic area, were admitted to the Kyung San University Taegu Oriental Medical Hospital from August 1990 to March 1994. The age and sex distribution, sites of hematoma, recurrence rate, incidence of hypertension, inducing factor, prodromal syndroms, symptoms and neurologic signs on admission, relationship between the hospital course and many factors affecting the prognosis such as age, side of hematoma, level of consciousness, volume of the hematoma. ventricular hemorrhage were analysed. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The most prevalent age group was above 60 years of age with 50-59 years, 70-79 years, 40-49 years and 80-89 years of age in the order of frequency. Male to female ratio was 1:1.55. 2. The ratio of left hematoma to the right was 1.32:1. The recurrence rate of cerebrovascular accident was 17.7% 3. The incidence of hypertension was 69.6% and inducing factors of thalamic hemorrhage in the order of frequency were physical work(29.1%), drinking or eating(13.9%), walking(12.7%) and rest(12.7%), The prodromal syndroms were numbness of extremities(5.1%), headache(2.5%), fatigue(2.5%), dizziness(1.3%), insomnia(1.3%), but prodromal syndrom was not found in 89.9% of thalamic hemorrhage. 4. The symptoms and neurologic signs on admission in the order of frequency were motor disturbance(98.7%), dysarthria(82.3%), positive Babinski sign(78.5%), headache(69.6%), dizziness(62.0%). hemisensory deficit(48.1%). nausea or vomiting(39.2%), absent or sluggish light reflex(35.4%), changes of consciousness (35.4%), dysphagia (20.3%), voiding difficulty.(13.9%), facial palsy(6.3%), aphasia(3.8%), seizure(38%), 6th N. palsy(3.8%) and small pupil(1.3%). 5. The rate of improvement was found almost equally in the 4th, 5th and 6th decades, but it was shown with dramatic decrease in the over 7th decades. The hospital course had no relationship with the side of hematoma but the level of consciousness had influence upon the prognosis. 6, The small hematoma had better outcome than large in the volume of hematoma under 15cc, but volume of the hematoma had no influence upon the prognosis because the rate of improvement was 75.0% in the volume of hematoma over 15cc. The hospital course had no relationship with ventricular hemorrhage.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.290-297
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of a by-product feed-based silage (BF silage) feeding on behavior patterns of growing Hanwoo steers. A total of 10 Hanwoo steers (11 months old, 302kg of body weight) were assigned to 2 dietary treatments: the control (concentrate mix + free access to rice straw), and the treatment (concentrate mix + free access to BF silage). The behavior patterns were observed for 48 hours. The intakes of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of the treatment group were higher than those of the control group. Eating time, ruminating time and resting time were not different between the control and treatment. But, the intake time per kg DM was higher for the control than treatment. The number of bolus, total chewing frequency, number of ruminating per bolus and number of bolus per minute were not different between the control and treatment. But the chewing frequency per bolus was higher in the treatment than control (p<0.05), and feed value index was lower in treatment than control (p<0.05). Frequencies of drinking and defecating were not different between the two groups, but the frequency of urinating was higher for the treatment (p<0.05) than control. Eating rate, ruminating efficiency and chewing efficiency were much higher in the treatment group than control (p<0.05). These results indicate that the replacement of conventional rice straws with the BF silage (physically effective NDF, about 25%) did not affect the ruminating behaviors of Hanwoo steers significantly.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.387-393
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the differences in temporary threshold shift (TTS) and recovery patterns according to different types of sound and volume. Methods: TTS and recovery patterns were assessed for eight students after 30-minute exposure to both 70.0 dB and 90.0 dB of factory noise (noise) as well as music. TTS was measured before exposure and two minutes post exposure, and recovery patterns were evaluated every 10 minutes for one hour. The subjects performed activities of daily life and sleeping times as usual but taking drugs or drinking alcohol were prohibited. The experiment was repeated three times with an interval of at least 16 hours. ANOVA and T-test were carried out using SPSS 19.0 for Windows. Results: The hearing threshold of all subjects before exposure was less than 30 dB at all frequencies. Mean TTSs of 70 dB noise and 90 dB noise exposure were 0.14 and 4.48 dB (p<0.001). Meanwhile, the difference in music was insignificant (-0.63 dB and 0.55 dB, p=0.063). A significance in the difference was also found between the mean TTS of music and noise exposure, more obviously at 90.0 dB (p<0.001) than at 70 dB (p=0.232). The TTS differences were found frequency-wise in terms of sound type. Mean TTS by frequency was higher at 4,000 and 6,000 Hz than at other frequencies, and higher in noise than music at the same sound pressure. The TTS difference in each frequency between both sound types was significant at 90 dB (p<0.001). Subjects mostly recovered from TTS in one hour after exposure, but not with 90 dB-noise exposure. Conclusion: TTS and recovery patterns were different depending on the sound type. When exposed to factory noise, TTS was greater and recovery time was longer compared to music at the same sound pressure. These results suggested that the difference in cognitive processes and psychological factors according to the type of sound causes a change in TTS and recovery.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.998-1008
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• 2008

This study aimed to assess the nutritional status and the nutritional risks based on the food intake frequency and health-related behaviors of middle-aged and elderly people living in Andong area. Interviews were conducted with 1,384 subjects (532 males, 852 females) aged 50 years and over. Nutrient intakes, food intake frequency, and health-related behaviors including smoking, drinking, and exercise were investigated. The average energy intakes were 1410.5 kcal for males and 1279.2 kcal for females, and the percentages of the subjects consuming below the estimated energy requirement (EER) were 92.5% and 88.4%, respectively. The least consumed nutrients compared to the estimated average requirement (EAR) were riboflavin (92.5% for males, 89.6% for females), folic acid (89.7%, 88.5%), and calcium (78.9%, 85.8%), in order. According to the food intake frequency survey, the intakes of meat, fish and vegetable (except kimchi) were very poor, and this low intakes of meat and fish showed as poor status of protein, niacin, vitamin $B_6$, and zinc intakes. Health-related behaviors data showed that the ratio of cigarette smokers, especially male, was higher, while the ratio of the person exercising regularly was lower than that of the nationwide statistics, respectively. Cigarette smoking and drinking were not significantly related to the poor nutrition intake, while regular exercise positively influenced nutrient intakes in female subjects. These results showed that the nutritional status of the subjects was likely to be severely deficient and the low intakes of meat and fish to be highly related to the increase of nutritional risk. Therefore, in order to prevent the occurrence of the secondary disease related to the food intake and health-related behaviors of the subjects, the proper educational program on balanced dietary intake and the correction of health-related behaviors should be developed and applied to this area.