• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2018

The coffee demand market in Korea is growing every year, and the adults drink an average of one cup of coffee every day. In order to investigate the effect of coffee on oral malodor, 15 Korean subjects were recruited. There were no significant differences in the values of oral malodor using BB checker(Taiyo, Japan) in the factors of sex, smoking, drinking, feeling oral malodor by themselves, feeling oral malodor by others, periodic scaling, activity of Streptococcus mutans, bleeding on probing, and coffee drinking habits. Patient hygiene performance index, calculus index, index of coat on the tongue, toothbrushing time, toothbrushing frequency had no correlation with oral malodor. The difference between before and after drinking coffee with syrup(17.93±16.54) was significant, but the difference between before and after drinking coffee without syrup(1.13±14.75) was not significant. We suggested the cause of oral malodor after drinking coffee was syrup, but not coffee.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.229-242
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• 2024

This study investigated water quality characteristics and influencing factors of park drinking fountains having directly piped water systems by analyzing stagnation water (first draw) and water after a 10-minute flush (flushed water). First draws exhibited significant variations in residual chlorine, heavy metals, bacteria, and turbidity, which were largely influenced by usage frequency and external environmental contamination. However, water quality stabilized after flushing. A seasonal analysis indicated that the greatest difference in residual chlorine between first draws and flushed water occurred in spring, followed by that in winter when drinking fountains were discontinued, accompanied by increased zinc concentrations in stagnation water. A comparative analysis of water quality variability by faucet type revealed that push-button faucets exhibited greater variabilities in copper, zinc, and nickel levels than screw-down faucets, likely due to corrosive by-products generated from water hammer effects. Additionally, an analysis based on exterior material indicated that metal fountains experienced higher temperature increases and elevated zinc concentrations in first draws than stone fountains. Regarding installation environments, drinking fountains exposed to direct sunlight or partial shade had higher concentrations of copper, zinc, and nickel in first draws than those installed in constant shade. Overall, these findings suggest that frequent use or flushing can help maintain stable water quality with the exception of push-button faucets.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.4
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• pp.510-518
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the drinking patterns of sap water of Acer mono by on-the-spot visitors. The survey was done from late-February to mid-March in the 3 major sap water tapping regions, such as Piagol of Mt. Chiri in Kurey, Okryong of Mt. Baekun in Kwangyang, and Mt. Chokey in Sunchon, Chonnam. A total of 300 visitors over 20 years old, 100 visitors in each region, were interviewed personally to make up questionnaires, irrespective of sex. The purpose of drinking, the frequency of visit, the modes of traffic, the length of stay, drinking amount per person, one's opinions after drinking, drinking plans and patterns, and intention of drinking processed sap were investigated and examined. Wide range of age groups from twenties to sixties drank sap water. Visitors drank sap water in order to keep health, to promote mutual friendship, and so on. 44% of sap drinkers visited for the first time, and 71% visited by private automobiles holding the first place. 59.7% of visitors spent only a day, but 40.3% passed one or two nights to drink sap water. For drinking amount of sap water, $3-6{\ell}$ a was consumed by 31.3% of visitors, under $3{\ell}$ or $9-12{\ell}$ by 22.7% $6-9{\ell}$ by 12.7% and so forth. 74% of visitors felt sap water sweet and favorable, but were doubtful about the efficacy of sap water. 79.0% of visitors had a plan to drink sap water again next year, 40% of whom preferred a day's visit to overnight staying (29%) or 3 days' staying (6%). 45% answered to plan to drink sap water with having meals, and 43% with having meals and passing a night. More than half (54.3%) of the visitors were inclined not to drink processed sap water for the reasons of unreliable quality, unwillingness for process, change in quality, etc.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of the average volume of alcohol consumption and binge drinking with arterial stiffness. Methods: The study population consisted of 5944 community-dwelling healthy adults aged 50 years and older. Average volume of alcohol consumption was calculated and frequency of binge drinking defined as the consumption of 7 or more drinks for men and 5 or more for women on a single occasion, was assessed using a structured interview. High brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), a marker of arterial stiffness, was defined as the highest gender-specific quartile of maximal baPWV distribution in the study population. Results: Compared to never drinkers, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of men who consumed 0.1-10.0, 10.1-20.0, 20.1-40.0, and >40.0 g/day was 0.93, 1.18, 1.38, and 2.36, respectively. The OR was 0.90, 0.97, 1.45, and 1.82 in women consuming 0.1-5.0, 5.1-10.0, 10.1-20.0, and >20.0 g/day, respectively. Binge drinking of <1 day/week (OR=1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.13-2.42) and ${\geq}1$ day/week (OR=1.61, 95% CI=1.04-2.50) were associated with increased risk for high baPWV in men, and binge drinking of ${\geq}1$ day/week (OR=3.12, 95% CI=1.16-8.34) was associated with increased risk for high baPWV in women. Conclusions: A J-shaped relationship between the average volume of alcohol consumption and high baPWV was observed, suggesting the detrimental effects of heavy alcohol drinking on arterial stiffness. Binge drinking was also significant risk factors for increased arterial stiffness, independently of the average volume of alcohol consumption.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.627-637
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• 2021

Many efforts have been made to prevent alcohol related harms such as health problems and socio-economic problems. Among them, the method of improving drinking behavior at the individual level is the most direct intervention. The effectiveness of the use of protective behavior strategies(PBS) has been widely known in Western countries. The purpose of this study is to empirically verify whether the use of PBS affects alcohol related harms in Korean adults. The survey has been conducted on 2,000 adult men and women. As a result, it is found that the use of PBS reduced alcohol related harms in adults. Among the PBS, the biggest impact on alcohol related harms is the area related serious harm reduction strategy, followed by restrictions on 'manner of drinking'. The effects of 'limiting/ stopping of drinking' is not significant. In addition, drinking frequency, binge drinking, and drinking motivations have significant positive effects on alcohol-related harms, and only social motivation has a negative effect. In this work, we propose follow-up studies on identifying relationships between protective behaviors and alcohol related factors through longitudinal studies and strengthening the use of protective behavior strategies that applied to the refined target populations.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.147-161
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• 2004

Objectives: There are many habitual drinking in rural area. So it is the key point of drinking control policy in rural community to understand the drinking behavior in leisure time and to have an appropriate screening method for problem drinking. CAGE and AUDIT are famous screening tools for problem drinking and alcoholics. Even though there are some studies to validate CAGE and AUDIT which translated in Korean, they were not studied with community based population but with hospital based patients. In this study we assessed the usefulness of CAGE and AUDIT for selecting problem drinking in a rural population, and compared problem drinkers with normal group about spending leisure, Methods: The study subjects were 120 residents over 20 years old who lived in 3 districts in Dong-San Myun near Chun-chon city. We made up questionnaire by interview from Feb. 13 to 19, 2004. Results: The mean age of study population was 66.01 .26 years old. Defining the problem drinking as more than 12 score in AUDIT and more than 2 score in CAGE, the proportion of problem drinker was 30.600 and 28.9% respectively. This proportions were higher than those of other national wide studies. There were significant difference in drinking frequency per week and amount per one episode between problem drinker and normal group. Experience about driving, accident, injury, disturbance in working and quarrel after drinking were also significantly different. Problem drinker were more tolerable to the bad social culture about drinking (eg. force to drink, bad drunken habit. overdrinking, drinking relay etc.) than normal group. Watching TV and playing with neighborhood were most frequent method of spending leisure in this study population, normal male group exercised more frequently in leisure time than problem drinker. Conclusions: It may be useful to use CAGE and AUDIT score for screening problem drinking in rural community. Appropriate utilization of leisure time may he important for control of problem drinking in rural area.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.347-367
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate drug abuse and to find related factors among high school students. The subjects for this study were 973 students from 10 high schools in Taegu city. The data were collected from September 30, 1996 to October 30, 1996. The questionnaire developed by Kim Soyoaja (1991) surveyed adolescent drug use and questions on smoking and drinking were readjusted and added by the researcher based on review. The data was analyzed using frequency, percentage, $X^2-test$, t -test, Pearson Correlation Coefficient with the SPSS /PC+. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. The proportion of students who drank alcohol 1-2 times or more per year was 52.4% and smoked Cigarette 1 -2 times or more per year was 20.8%. The 7 different drugs(Analgetics 5.7%. sleeping pills and sedatives 4.2%, antihistamines 1.1%. stimulants 7.7%, hallucinogens 0.8%, inhalants 3.3%, and narcotics 0.6%) were also evaluated. 2. There was a significant relationship between drinking and type of school($X^2$=62.97, p<.0l), grades($X^2$=33.86, P<.001), school life($X^2$= 19.04, p<.001), and delinquent friends($X^2$= 64.72, P<.001). 3. There was a significant relationship between smoking and type of school($X^2$=153.65, p<.001), grades ($X^2$=67.53, p<.001), their respect for teachers ($X^2$=33.80, p<.001) school life($X^2$ =50.87, p<.001), and delinquent friends($X^2$ =85.28, p<.001). 4. There was a significant relationship between the 7 different kinds of drug abuse and type of school ($X^2$=14.65, p<.01), grades($X^2$=12.89, p<.01), their respect for teachers ($X^2$=8.46, p<.05), and delinquent friends($X^2$=22.42, p<.001). 5. There was a significant relationship between a parent's habitual drug abuse and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse($X^2$=7.78, p<.01), as well as a parent's attitude toward drugs and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse($X^2$=6.33, p<.05). 6. There was a significant difference between drinking(t=-12.53, p<.001), smoking(t=-15.98, p<.001), the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(t=-5.77, p<.001), and the respondant's delinquent experience. 7. There was a correlation between drinking and smoking(r=.4166, p<.001), drinking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.2200, p<.001), smoking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.1428, p<.05). There was a correlation between drinking and smoking(r=.5977, p<.001), drinking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.2849, p<. 001), smoking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.1711, p<.05) among male students. There was a correlation between drinking and smoking(r=.4219, p<.001), drinking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.2611, p<.001), smoking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.1764, p<.001) among female students. 8. There was a correlation between drinking and family stability(r=.0709, p<.05) drinkry and parent -child relationships (r=.1321, p<.01), drinking and mother's rearing attitude(r=.0704, P<.05), smoking and parent -child relationships(r=.0813, P<.05). There was a correlation between drinking and family stability(r=.14S7, p<.01), drinkng and parent-child relationships(r=.2147, p<.001), smoking and family stability(r=.1544, p<.01), smoking and parent. -child relationships (r=. 2018, P<.01) among male students. There was a correlation between drinking and family stability(r=.1l21, p<.05), drinking and mother's rearing attitude (r=.0988, P<.05), smoking and parent -child relationships (r=. 0940, P<.05) among female students. 9. There was a significant difference between the 7 different kinds of drug abuse and family stability (t=2.23, p<.05), parent-child relationships (t=4. 34, p<.001), satisfaction with family (t=4.02, p<.001), father's rearing attitude(t=3.04, p<.01), mother's rearing attitude(t=2.87, p<.01). The distribution channel of drugs including alcohol beverages and cigarettes should be evaluated and restructured to discourage student's temptation and to limit accessibility. The step by step preventive teaching on alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking is needed from middle school to help prevent further drug abuse.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.168-174
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate correlation between soybean and their products consumption and risk factors for atherosclerosis in the healthyKorean adults. Health behaviors such as smoking, exercise, alcohol consumption and dietary patterns and nutrient intakes of 193 healthy adult subjects aged from 26 to 69 were assessed by using interview and semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The BMI, blood pressure and biochemical parameters of blood were examined as well as preferences for taste and family history of disease. Data were expressed as quartile according to soybean and their products consumption. The average daily soybean and their product consumption for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th percentile group were 36, 78, 112, and 182g, respectively. The more consumption of soybean and their products, the more intake of energy, protein, lipid, fiber, Ca, cholesterol as well as frequency of exercise, smoking and drinking. Serum TG, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and AI as risk factors of atherosclerosis were positively correlated with smoking and drinking (p<0.05). Especially, serum TG was positively correlated with hypertension and BMI (p<0.01). But, no correlation between exercise, salty taste, meat preference, soybean products consumption and atherosclerosis risk factors was found, which means that life styles such as smoking and drinking rather than dietary habits might influence atherosclerosis in healthy adults. In conclusion, present soy products consumption should be increased by way of developing new generation soy products in order to exert anti-atherosclerotic effect by soybean in human.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.107-114
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to identify the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose among non-diabetic middle-aged men in Korea and to identify factors related to impaired fasting glucose. The research method is a descriptive research study using data of 545 men aged 40-64 who participated in the 8th Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KHANES) in the second year(2020). For data analysis, frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, Rao-Scott 𝛘², t-test, and logistic regression analysis were performed using the complex sample analysis method of SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. The results of this study showed that the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 44.77%, and the frequency of drinking(OR=1.531, 95% CI: 1.01-2.33) and triglycerides(OR=1.002, 95% CI: 1.00-1.01) were significantly related factors for impaired fasting glucose. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a program for the prevention and management of impaired fasting glucose in middle-aged men, and this program should include drinking habits and triglycerides management strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.169-176
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• 2020

Exploring the risk factors of adolescent suicide is important for effective suicide prevention. This study explored the clustering of adolescent suicides based on six risk factors: mental disorder, broken family, depression, anxiety, previous suicide attempts, and deviant behaviors. Using 173 student suicide reports obtained from the Ministry of Education, we evaluated the associations between suicide and variables related to mental disorders; dysfunctional family life; depression and anxiety; previous suicide attempts; deviant behaviors such as drinking and smoking; and school life characteristics, including attendance and discipline, problems within the past year, and incidents prior to suicide. In addition, reports of warning signs just before suicide were included in the analysis. The two-stage cluster analysis classified the students into three clusters: the silent type (cluster 1; 48.55%), in which no risk factors were observed; environmental-risk type (cluster 2: 24.28%), which featured a high frequency of broken households, deviant behaviors such as smoking/drinking and running away from home; and depressive type (cluster 3: 27.17%), which featured a high frequency of mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and suicide attempts. Identifying the sub-types of adolescent suicide may help to inform tailored suicide prevention and intervention strategies in school.