• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.83-95
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• 1997

This study showed the effect of fermented milk on the cholesterol level of Korean. 130 persons among the teachers of elementary, middle and high schools, professors and graduate school students were divided into two groups according to their cholesterol level and provided with fermented milk 300 $m\ell$ dairly from Sep.25 to No. V3. They were given blood test at 20 days and 40 days after drinking fermented milk, and surveyed about their ordinary life style and the change of fecal condition. Cholesterol, LDL and the ratio of LDL and HDL in blood were significantly decreased in both high cholesterol group and normal group while HDL cholesterol was notably increased. TG showed slightly tendency of decrease in normal group while no changed in high group. There is no significant change in cholesterol level after drinking fermented milk among groups which are divided by factors of dringking, smoking, caffeine, B.M.I. and family history. The research also showed that drinking fermented milk improved the fecal frequency and fecal condition.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 2020

This study was conducted to identify the impact factors of bicycle driving under the influence (DUI) among Korean adults. The participants were 1,297 Korean adults. The prevalence of bicycle DUI was 11.7% of Korea adults. The factors affecting bicycle DUI were gender, education level, frequency of drinking, one-time drinking, vehicle DUI. To prevent bicycle DUI, we would need to facilitate appropriate drinking habits, provide treatments for disorders related to alcohol use, and change the social perception of bicycle DUI. Also, we should promote the establishment of the culture of bicycle helmet use, the establishment of a system that imposes fine to non-helmet-using riders, and education and publicity on the national level to recognize that bicycle DUI and DUI are mutually related.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.405-416
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• 2015

This study aimed to compare the dietary habits, nutritional knowledge, and health-related behaviors of students by high school type using questionnaires. The subjects were 586 male students (academic high school students (AS); 294, specialized high school students (SS); 292) in Jinju, Gyeongnam. The frequencies of eating breakfast and snacks were higher in AS than in SS (p<0.05), whereas the frequency of drinking was higher in SS than in AS (p<0.05). The main reason for skipping breakfast was 'poor appetite' in AS (45.2%) and 'lack of time' in SS (56.5%) (p<0.05). Favorite snacks included 'pizza, hamburger' (33.0%) and 'bread, noddle, ramyun' (31.0%) in AS as well as 'pizza, hamburger' (32.5%) and 'fruit, fruit juice' (26.0%) in SS. A mean of 56.2% of students ate an unbalanced diet, and the main reason was 'untasty' (47.2%). The frequency of eating out was higher in SS than in AS (p<0.05), and the main menu while eating out was 'Korean food' in AS (96.3%) and SS (90.3%). The frequency of 'meat, fish, egg, beans' was higher in AS than in SS (p<0.05). On the other hand, the frequencies of 'fruit, fruit juices' (p<0.05), 'milk, milk products' (p<0.01), 'seaweeds' (p<0.05), 'instant foods' (p<0.001) and 'soda and ion drinks' (p<0.001) were higher in SS than in AS. The mean rates of drinking and smoking in students were 84% and 29.5%, respectively. The main reason for drinking and smoking was 'to relieve stress' in AS (38.0%) and SS (30.9%) (p< 0.001). In general, the nutritional knowledge level of SS was higher than that of AS. In conclusion, there were significant differences in the frequencies of eating breakfast, food intake, drinking and reasons for eating snacks, unbalanced diet, drinking and smoking between AS and SS. Therefore, it's necessary to provide proper nutritional education for students according to high school type.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.495-508
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to investigate the dietary patterns and behaviors of self-boarding college students in Wonju. This survey was carried out through questionnaries and the subjects were 118 man and 145 woman students of five colleges in Wonju. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. The students who live in Kangwon Province, reaching 49.0% of the subjects, are the most prevalent. In the frequency of homecoming, 'twice a month' is the greatest. One-room system is the most prevalent in the self-boarding patterns. 2. 90.8% of the students have the electric rice cooking pot. Portable gas range, gas range, electric stove, in this order, are more general as cooking appliances. Specially, more than half of students, either male or female, have refrigerators. 3. 80.4% of students cook their own meal. 'once a day' in cooking frequency is the most prevalent. 4. The students, either male or female, prepare breakfast and dinner for themselves at home, and have lunch at the school cafeteria. They choose boiled rice mostly at any mealtime. 5.In the frequency of drinking, 'three times a week' in man students and 'two or three times a month' in woman students are the most prevalent. The drink shop and their own self-boarding room are most preferred as the place for drinking in the both case of male and female. 6. In the quantity of drinking of male students, 'more than three bottles of Soju', 'two bottles of Soju', and 'one bottle of Soju', in this order, are recorded more frequently and in the case of female students, comes 'one bottle of Soju' and 'one bottle of beer' in that order. 7. Male students drink to have a dim consciousness and female students to feel good. In this case there are differences. 8. After drinking in the previous night, more female students have a breakfast than male. While more female students have any kind of food, most of male students have a broth to relieve hangover or ramyun. 9. The causes for no breafast after drinking were 'rising late', 'stomachache', 'habits' in this cider. 10. After students self-examine their own health, they express their health state as 'usual', 'very healthy' 'not healthy' in this order. Most of male and female students point out the stomach as a painful part.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.3
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• pp.35-58
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• 2002

This research attempted to investigate the real state of adolescent smoking and drinking, and to study how stress influences on smoking and drinking of high school students. This data was collected from 837 first and second grade students in a vocational high school in Go-yang city, Gyeonggi province. Data analysis consisted of frequency, percentage, Chi-square, T-test, step-wise regression analysis, using SPSSWIN. The results of analysis were as follows: First, 51.7% of the students have never smoked, while 48.3% have experienced smoking. Most students started smoking in the second year of the middle school, though 17.6% of the smokers already started in the elementary school. The strongest motive of initial smoking was curiosity, next the inducement of friends, and 10.9% of them smoked to get rid of stress. Their favorite place for smoking was in the order of the entertainment centers, schools, and private academies. They personally purchased cigarettes mostly at the store. Most of them smoked less than 5 cigarettes a day, but 3.7% smoked more than a pack of cigarettes a day, usually with friends rather than alone. Second, the ratio of drinking was relatively high 78.1%, and their initial drinking experience was most frequent at the third year of the middle school. The initial motive of drinking was mostly curiosity and the inducement of friends, but 10.7% of them started drinking to reduce stress and anxiety. The places for buying alcohol and drinking were bars or restaurants. The ratio of habitual drinking was 45.1%, and the ratio of irregular drinking was 53.3%. 1.8% of the drinking students enjoyed drinking everyday. The amount of drinking varied from half a bottle to two bottles of Soju, and the drinking problem was serious to see that 11% of them drank more than two bottles at a time. Because 84.4% drank in groups with friends, a thorough and systematic supervision and education of the peer group drinking is essential. Third, as for the relationship between personal matters and smoking, it was found that there was a positive relation between smoking and sex, but there was no correlation between smoking and school years. Adolescent smoking was also related with scholastic achievement, the number of friends, and the existence of parents. Fourth, as for the relationship between personal matters and drinking, it was found that there was no correlation between drinking and sex, but there was a positive relation between drinking and school years. Fifth, the average index of stress was students themselves(2.58), school life(2.53), family life(2.19), friends(2.00), and the total index of stress was 2.33. Sixth, there appeared a marginal negative correlation between stress and 'drinking and smoking' in Pearson coefficient of correlation r to see the influence of stress on smoking and drinking. The difference of the average index of stress according to smoking and drinking bears meaningful difference for all students, smokers and non-smokers, drinkers and abstainers in students themselves, school life, family life, friends, and total stress. Smoking has an effect on family life most, school life next, and drinking has an effect on school life most, family life next, with the explanation power of 11% and 9% respectively, in a regression analysis to analyze the factors influencing on smoking and drinking among the factors of stress.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.88-101
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• 2020

This study was conducted to identify the factors predicting binge drinking in men and women in Korea based on the results of the 7th year 3rd National Health and Nutrition Survey. The study data used the demographic and health-related characteristics and drinking characteristics of the National Health and Nutrition Survey, and were analyzed by cross-sample analysis and logistic regression analysis. As a result of the study, age (M:p=.003, F:p<.001), drinking frequency for one year (M:p<.001, F:p<.001), amount of alcohol consumed at a time (M:p<.001) 001, F:p<.001), family/doctor's recommendation for moderation (M:p<.001, F:p<.001), stress (M:p=.025, F:p<.001), Smoking (M:p<.001, F:p<.001) were predictors for binge drinking in both men and women. In addition, education level(p=.030) and economic activity status(p=.018) for men, income level(p<.001) and marital status(p=.020) for women were identified as predictors of binge drinking, and variables explained 72.4%(p < .001) and 74.5%(p < .001) of adult male and female binge drinking. This study is meaningful in that it provided basic data on the establishment of a gender-specific binge drinking prevention policy and the restructuring of drinking culture by clarifying that the risk factors of binge drinking in Korean adults differ by gender.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.125-138
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was attempted to find out female smoking behavior and the smoking related factors. Method: Study subjects were 226 female smokers who have visited temporary clinic or smoking cessation clinic run by 10 public health centers in Incheon. The data were collected through the questionnaire specially designed for this study from April 1 to June 30, 2008. The data were analyzed by the SPSS 12.0 program. Result: 68.0% of feale smokers have smoked habitually. The average daily smoking amount of the subjects was $12.0{\pm}8.7$ ea, average rate of nicotine dependence was $4.2{\pm}2.2$ points, the mean smoking duration was $12.7{\pm}9.3$ years, and the smoking start age was $23.1{\pm}8.5$ year old. The smoking behavior by the drinking frequency showed significant difference in average daily smoking amount and rate of nicotine dependence(p<.05). Also the smoking behavior by exercise showed significant difference in current smoking frequency(p<.05). There was positive relation between female smoking behavior and monthly income, frequency of drinking, exercise, and stress respectively(p<.05, p<.01). Conclusion: Compared to a male smoker, the average daily smoking amount of a female smoker was less and the duration of smoking was longer. This study suggests that not only a social movement about a female smoking cessation is imperative but also smoking cessation programs should be combined with reduced drinking consumption, exercise and stress relief programs. Moreover, early intervention for preventing teenager smoking should be added to smoking cessation programs.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.812-822
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• 2010

This study explored choice attributes in specially coffee shops and examined the relations between choice attributes and positive emotions customers felt in specially coffee shops. The study also attempted to find differences in choice attributes and positive emotions according to general characteristics of customers and coffee-drinking behavior. Measured items were derived from preliminary interviews and a literature review. Questionnaires were distributed to customers in Seoul who had visited a specially coffee shop in the last 3 months. The derived factors of choice attributes were 'taste of coffee and atmosphere', 'brand', 'price benefit', 'pleasant space', and 'coffee itself. Among those, the two factors 'taste of coffee and atmosphere', and 'brand' had a statistically significant influence on positive emotions of customers. This implies that specially coffee shop customers have primarily emotional rather than utilitarian motivations. Therefore, to better satisfy customers' desires, more effort is needed to improve the physical environment in coffee shops. Female and younger customers showed higher perception of price benefits than others did. The perception of price benefits and pleasant space mainly varied by the location of coffee-drinking and frequency of visiting specially coffee shops. Further differences in positive emotion according to general characteristics and behaviors of having coffee also discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.499-510
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• 2022

Purpose: This study investigated the association between adolescent health behaviors (drinking, smoking, and drug use) and sexual intercourse, as well as the moderating effects of economic status, cohabitation with parents, and school type, among adolescents in Korea. Methods: Secondary data from the 16th Adolescent Health Behavior Survey (2020) were used. A total of 395 schools and 54,948 middle and high school students participated in the study. Complex sample frequency analysis, the Rao-Scott test, and complex sample logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: Sexual intercourse rates for men and women were 5.8% and 3.3%, respectively. Approximately 7.3% of high school students and 1.8% of middle school students reported having had sexual relations. Drinking (odds ratio [OR] = 3.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.82~3.52), smoking (OR = 6.75, 95% CI = 5.90~7.71), and drug use (OR = 3.03, 95% CI = 2.23~4.11) significantly increased the risk of sexual intercourse. Economic status and school type had moderating effects on the association between drinking and sexual intercourse. Conclusion: Adolescent drinking, smoking, and drug use are associated with a higher risk of sexual experience. Thus, to reduce this risk, controlling alcohol consumption, smoking, and drug use is necessary. In addition, programs for healthy lifestyles and sexual intercourse should be differentiated according to the school type and the economic conditions of the adolescents' households.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.614-622
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• 2006

This study is intended to investigate the wine consumers' reason of drinking and purchasing behavior according to their product involvement. Questionnaires were obtained from wine consumers at wine retailer stores. Trained researchers of this particular study conducted survey and finally 230 questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS package program(v.12.0). The subjects were categorized three different groups(high, medium, and low) based on their wine involvement. The further analysis showed that differences in reasons of wine drinking and purchasing behavior according to their involvement levels, and the characteristics of three segments were summarized at the end of the results. Consumers in high involvement drink wine mainly because they wanted to enjoy various wine experiences and have abundant knowledge for wine. Consumers in medium and low involvement would like to drink due to enjoyment of wine drinking. Expenses of purchasing, quantity and frequency of wine purchasing, country of origin, and sources for wine information showed differences among three consumer groups, but differences were not presented in type of wines and purchasing place by consumers' wine involvement.