• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.87-108
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to precede the acceptance study based on automation steps and user experience that was lacked in the past study on the core technology of autonomous vehicle, ADAS. The first objective was to construct the acceptance model of ADAS technology that is the core technology, and draw factors that affect behavioral intention through user experience-based evaluation by applying driving simulator. The second one was to see the change of factors on automation step of autonomous vehicle through the UX/UA score. Background: The number of vehicles with the introduction of ADAS is increasing, and it caused change of interaction between vehicle and driver as automation is being developed on the particular drive factor. For this reason, it is becoming important to study the technology acceptance on how driver can actively accept giving up some parts of automated drive operation and handing over the authority to vehicle. Method: We organized the study model and items through literature investigation and the scenario according to the 4 stages of automation of autonomous vehicle, and preceded acceptance assessment using driving simulator. Total 68 men and woman were participated in this experiment. Results: We drew results of Performance Expectancy (PE), Social Influence (SI), Perceived Safety (PS), Anxiety (AX), Trust (T) and Affective Satisfaction (AS) as the factors that affect Behavioral Intention (BI). Also the drawn factors shows that UX/UA score has a significant difference statistically according to the automation steps of autonomous vehicle, and UX/UA tends to move up until the stage 2 of automation, and at stage 3 it goes down to the lowest level, and it increases a little or stays steady at stage 4. Conclusion and Application: First, we presented the acceptance model of ADAS that is the core technology of autonomous vehicle, and it could be the basis of the future acceptance study of the ADAS technology as it verifies through user experience-based assessment using driving simulator. Second, it could be helpful to the appropriate ADAS development in the future as drawing the change of factors and predicting the acceptance level according to the automation stages of autonomous vehicle through UX/UA score, and it could also grasp and avoid the problem that affect the acceptance level. It is possible to use these study results as tools to test validity of function before ADAS offering company launches the products. Also it will help to prevent the problems that could be caused when applying the autonomous vehicle technology, and to establish technology that is easily acceptable for drivers, so it will improve safety and convenience of drivers.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• 제21권
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• pp.29-40
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• 2019

An experimental study was conducted to test the applicability of natural hydraulic lime (NHL) as a reinforcing agent for the supporting layers of mural paintings in ancient tombs.Drawing upon preceding studies on mural paintings inancient tombs, samples of reinforcing agents for various conditions were prepared using NHL products, and pseudo-samples of the supporting layers of mural paintings were also produced. The samples were cured for 7, 28, and 84 days in a high-humidity condition similar to that of the mural-tomb environment. Physical properties such as dimensional stability and compressive strength were measured for each curing period.The results indicated that the NHL samples had a rapid curing speed and a low contraction ratio and are therefore suitable as reinforcing agents, whereas they showed a poor match in terms of strength compared to the supporting layer,and also low whiteness. The dimensional stability and compressive strength testsrevealedthat an NHL product mixed with a pseudo-sample of a supporting layer provided desirable conditions for reinforcing agent. The findings suggested that different conditions for curing time and strength should be considered for each supporting layer prior to applying NHL as a reinforcing agent for damaged mural paintings in ancient tombs.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.189-200
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• 2000

The purpose of this thesis is that the students understand the sentence stated math problems closely related to the real life and adapted the right solving strategies try to find the solution to a problem. The following research problem were proposed. 1. How repeated thinking lessons develop the understanding of problems and influence the usage of correct problem solving strategies and extensions of problem solving. 2. There are how much differences of achievement for each type of sentence stated problems by using comparative analysis of upper class, intermediate class, and lower class for each level between the experimental and comparative classes. In order to conduct this research the classes were divided into three different level - upper class, intermediate class and lower class. Each level include an experimental class and a comparative class. The two classes (experimental class and comparative class) of the same level were tested on the basis of class division record with the experimental class repeated learning papers for two weeks were used to guide the fixed thinking algorism for each sentence stated math problems. Eight common problems were chosen from a variety of textbooks : number calculation problems, velocity-distance-time problems, the density of a mixture, benefit problems, distribution problems, problems about working, ratio problems, the length of a figure problems. After conducting this research experiment The differences in achievement level between the experimental class and comparative class, were compared and analyzed through achievement tests made from the achievement test papers with seven problems, which were worth seventy points (total score). The conclusions of this thesis are as follows: Firstly, leaning activities through the usage of repeated learning papers for each level class produce an even development of achievement level especially in the case of the upper class learners, they have particular differences (between experimental class and comparative class) compared to the intermediate level and lower classes. Secondly, according to the analysis about achievement development each problems, learners easily accept the strategies of solution through the formula setting up to the problem of velocity -distance-time, and to the density of the mixture they adapted the picture drawing strategies interestingly, However each situation requires a variety of appropriate solution strategies. Teachers will have to employ other interesting solution strategies which relate to real life.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.243-256
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• 2015

This study aimed at investigating the effects of sub-variables of elderly people's lifestyle health and leisure oriented pursuits, outdoor and challenge pursuits, security and material pursuits, family oriented pursuits, and peer oriented pursuits on what they perceive to be successful later years. The background of this study was that there has been few study on the older population in Korea with focus on their cultural and traditional norms. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of elderly people's lifestyle on what they perceive to be successful later years, thereby identifying practical implications for better social welfare associated with successful later years. Analysis was carried out of self reported questionnaires and self-interviews with elderly people aged over 65 frequenting a welfare center for elders and a community center in a city in Korea. In order to examine the effects, a reliability test, a descriptive analysis, a correlation analysis, and a multi-regression analysis were performed. The results of the analysis for sub-variables of lifestyle showed that health and leisure oriented pursuits, outdoor and challenge pursuits, security and material pursuits, family oriented pursuits, and peer oriented pursuits had significant positive impact on successful later years. The two most influential were peer oriented and family oriented pursuits. Drawing on the results, this study suggests that what is needed for dejected and lonely elderly members in the society is to provide them with opportunities for developing and keeping good relationships with friends and family members and there is a need for a system where old people, as consumers of cultural capital, can have easy access to a variety of cultural resources and activities at a local and regional level.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2012

Objectives : This study is perfomed for preparation of oriental medicine clinical guidelines for drawing up the standards of oriental medicine demonstration and diagnosis classification about the knee pain. Methods : Statistical analysis about Crane's-knee wind(鶴膝風), arthralgia syndrome(痺症), knee injury(膝傷), gout arthritis(痛風), Youk jeol poung(歷節風) classified experts' opinions about knee pain patients by Delphi method is conducted by using oriental medicine diagnosis questionnaire. The result was classified by using linear discriminant analysis(LDA), diagonal linear discriminant analysis(DLDA), diagonal quadratic discriminant analysis(DQDA), K-nearest neighbor classification(KNN), classification and regression trees(CART), support vector machines(SVM). Results : The results are summarized as follows. 1. The result analyzed by using LDA has a hit rate of 81.65% in comparison with the original diagnosis. 2. The result analyzed by using DLDA has a hit rate of 63.3% in comparison with the original diagnosis. 3. The result analyzed by using DQDA has a hit rate of 65.14% in comparison with the original diagnosis. 4. The result analyzed by using KNN has a hit rate of 74.31% in comparison with the original diagnosis. 5. The result analyzed by using CART has a hit rate of 75.23% in comparison with the original diagnosis when the test of selected 13 significant questions based on analysis of variance was performed. 6. The result analyzed by using SVM has a hit rate of 87.16% in comparison with the original diagnosis. Conclusions : Statistical analysis using oriental medicine diagnosis questionnaire on knee pain generally turned out to have a significant result.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.215-226
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• 2020

Chatbot is emerging as an important interface window for business. This change is due to the continued development of chatbot-related research from NLP to NLU and NLG. However, the reality is that the methodological study of drawing domain knowledge and developing it into a user-friendly interactive interface is weak in the process of developing chatbot. In this paper, in order to present the process criteria of chatbot development, we applied it to the actual project based on the methodology presented in the previous paper and improved the development methodology. In conclusion, the productivity of the test phase, which is the most important step, was improved by 33.3%, and the number of iterations was reduced to 37.5%. Based on these results, the "3 Phase and 17 Tasks Development Methodology" was presented, which is expected to dramatically improve the trial and error of the chatbot development.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.49-63
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• 2018

The objective of this study is to understand the effects of storybook making activity based on masterpiece appreciation on the language expression and picture appreciation ability of young children. Targeting 47 five year-old children of S & A kindergartens in Gwangju Metropolitan City, they were randomly assigned like 23 children for experimental group and 24 for comparative group. The experimental group performed the storybook making activity based on masterpiece appreciation for four sessions within 12 weeks while the comparative group expressed their feelings and thought into painting after appreciating masterpieces during the same period of time. Using SPSS 18.0 Program for the collected data, t-test was conducted for differences in the results of language expression and picture appreciation ability. The results of this study are as follows. First, the storybook making activity based on masterpiece appreciation had significant effects on the whole language expression except for sentence length, and it improved the language expression of young children. Second, the storybook making activity based on masterpiece appreciation had significant effects on the overall picture appreciation ability, and it improved the picture appreciation ability of young children. Such results imply that the whole process of appreciating masterpieces and making/appreciating storybook by expressing pre/post stories of painting into writing and drawing would be an effective teaching/learning method for the improvement of language expression and picture appreciation ability of young children.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hip external rotation angle on pelvis and lower limb muscle activity during prone hip extension. Sixteen healthy men were recruited for this study. Each subject performed an abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) in a prone position, and extended the dominant hip at three different hip external rotation angles ($0^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$, $40^{\circ}$) with a $30^{\circ}$ hip joint abduction. Activity of the gluteus maximus (G Max), gluteus medius (G Med), and hamstring (HAM) and the G Max/HAM and G Med/HAM ratios were determined with surface electromyography (EMG). The EMG signal was normalized to 100% maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) and expressed as %MVIC. Data were analyzed by one-way repeated analysis of variance (alpha level=.05) and the Bonferroni post hoc test. Significant differences in G Max and G Med muscle activity were noted among the three different hip external rotation angles. G Max muscle activity increased significantly at both $40^{\circ}$ (p=.006) and $20^{\circ}$ (p=.010) compared to a $0^{\circ}$ hip external rotation angle. G Med muscle activity increased significantly at $20^{\circ}$ (p=.013) compared to a $40^{\circ}$ hip external rotation angle. The G Max/HAM activity ratio increased significantly at both $40^{\circ}$ (p=.004) and $20^{\circ}$ (p=.014) compared to a $0^{\circ}$ hip external rotation angle. The G Med/HAM activity ratio increased significantly at $20^{\circ}$ (p=.013) compared to a $40^{\circ}$ hip external rotation angle. In conclusion, $40^{\circ}$ and $20^{\circ}$ hip external rotation angles are recommended to increase G Max activity, and $20^{\circ}$ hip external rotation is advocated to enhance G Med muscle activity during prone hip extension with ADIM and $30^{\circ}$ hip abduction in healthy subjects.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.87-95
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to suggest how we can get over the difficulties of practical drill under experimentation concerning the units of making clothes in the curriculum of home economics. The import of this study was based on the results of the preceding studies the field of the making Korean clothes, from the standpoint of the teaching tools and teaching materials by the use of VTR, is one of the most insufficient. On the one hand, the teaching procedure here a VTR, running 34 minutes or so, was made up with the process of making Korean men’s slacks, and was led by the researcher’s own. The contents of the lesson are as follows： the shape of Korean clothes, the name of each part, the process of drawing, cutting and sewing, and the items of evaluation and arrangement. On the other hand, the two comparative groups were made to compare one with the other： One group was taught by help of VTR media, and the other by the model performance and explanation of the instructor’s own. All of the statistical data were analyzed in terms of SPSS/PC, and t-verification was made, to make difference between the two, after standard deviation was calculated according to the classified domains. The consequences of the test research are shown as below： 1. The difference of understanding was obviously made in considering that the group made a better score than the comparative one in understanding to process of making Korean clothes. 2. The difference of skill was highly made in considering that the group made a better score than the comparative one in the practical drill of making Korean clothes. 3. The difference of interests was evidentally made in considering that the group made a better score than the comparative one in the stage of making Koran clothes. Such means that the motivation and attitude of the learners was made stimulate by the Audio-Visual material than by the traditional cramming method. 4. The difference of frequency was fairly made in considering that the experimeatal group made a better score than the comparative one in the frequency of individual teaching. 5. The difference of the efficiency of time-consumption was clearly made in considering that the experimental group made a better score than the comparative one. As the results of the research above, the medium of VTR proved to more effective to the achievement of schoolwork and the strategies of teaching. Therefore, more use of VTR media will help the instructors with the difficulties of practical drill in the whole process of making Korean clothes； Widely use of VTR media in teaching will be surely more fruitfull to the unit of making Korean clothes than teaching by explanation.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.1245-1255
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable evaluating instrument for elementary school fifth and sixth graders. The instrument is developed through R&D procedure, which includes two checks of science specialist and two field trials of the instrument. Evaluating items are content-free for each science inquiry skill. Each science inquiry element is based on SAPA and the 7th curriculum. This study has selected 10 science inquiry skills(observing, classifying, measuring, predicting, inferring, recognizing of a problem, controlling variables, interpreting data, drawing a conclusion, designing an experiment), formulated a clear definition of the elements of science inquiry skills, and established the objectives of evaluation. The content areas are divided into three categories, material and energy, life and environment, and the earth and circulation. Each category contains 10 items. So the instrument consists of 30 items. The content validity of items, objectivity of the scoring keys, and clarity of the items has been checked twice by specialists in science education. At the same time, two field trials were performed to produce the reliability of the instruments, discrimination index, and item difficulty index. The instrument has the content validity is 91.6%, reliability 0.79, objectivity 93.3%, discrimination index 0.30, and item difficulty index 66.1%.