• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.107-135
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• 2017

Purpose Along with the growth of smart phones and social networking service (SNS), social commerce continues to expand. Although online reviews have become an important source of the information that consumers use to make purchasing decisions, theoretical development and empirical testing in this area are still limited. Thus, there is a need to develop further understanding about the influence of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM). Drawing upon the heuristic - systematic model (HSM) which is one of the dual-process theories, this study develops a research model that explains key factors influencing consumers' eWOM credibility. Furthermore, this study verifies that consumer's eWOM credibility is a key determinant of eWOM and purchase intentions. Design/methodology/approach The proposed model is empirically tested with 493 users who have experience in WeChat-based social commerce. The structural equation model (SEM) analysis is used to evaluate the research model and hypotheses. Findings The major findings are as follows. First, argument quality of eWOM (a systematic factor) has a positive effect on eWOM credibility. Second, source credibility and recommendation consistency of eWOM (heuristic factors) are positively associated with eWOM credibility. Finally, purchase and eWOM intentions greatly depend on eWOM credibility. These results confirm the effectiveness of HSM in explaining eWOM mechanisms in SNS-based social commerce. The details of findings and implications are presented.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.325-332
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• 2005

As ship builder companies have a tendency to pursuit the effect of scale economy, recently the ultra-large sized container ship is discussed very actively among them. It is expected that these situation will be continued for the time being. The need of accommodation re-arrangement is carefully proposed according to the tendency of ultra-large sized ship. In this paper, accommodation re-arrangement of ultra-large container ship is examined in the view of economy. We proposed separation of engine room and accommodation part through review and supplementaition of drawing generation in intial design stage. Also we investigated its merits and demerits to find out whether it can be realized or not in the view of economical efficiency. The RFR(Required Freight Rate) is considered as the objective function to evaluate the re-designed vessel. The economical benefits for increasing the number of TEU(Twenty-foot Equivalent Units)'s and the re-arranged space are analyzed in the view of ship owner and shipyards respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.217-224
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• 2018

The aim of this study is to examine how satires in the English movie, are translated into Korean. Satire is a literary technique in which the writer expresses sarcasm or criticism by using humor or irony. As satire induces laughter by criticising someone or something in the form of humor, it is not easy to convey the same effect to audiences with different social, cultural and political backgrounds. Naturally, satire translation poses great challenge to translators. This study analyzed satirical humors in , based on 4 basic strategies discussed commonly in the previous studies on humor translation, which found out Source Text(ST) preservation prevails, that is to say literal translation. This analysis result is expected to be worth in drawing an effective strategy for satire translation in the convergence perspective of society, culture or politics in other countries.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.4 no.1 s.6
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• pp.31-41
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• 2005

Currently many Traffic Management Centers(TMC) have been constructed, there are in the process of operating and propelling. Although many TMC are constructed up to now, we have no discussion about positive operation plan and no many studies. We consider that the center should foster many experts for a qualitative development. So we provides to analysis internal and external operation system of UC and to Present the solution about a problem of government subject and an adequate scale of operation system. Also we Present a drawing up plan about regular and occasional educational plan and operation manual for activating the educational system. We suggest that many TMC and government should pay attention to those issues and invest money in operation issues and researches.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.172-180
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• 2014

The first purpose of this study is to distinguish difficult chapters in 'Speed of objects' chapter and find the factors which give difficulty to the teachers and students. Also, it attempts to compare the students' assessment scores with the degree of difficulty in teaching and also with the degree of difficulty in learning. This report is expected to help science teachers develop their PCK(Pedagogical Content Knowledge) for teaching the chapter professionally. 15 teachers who had taught the 'Speed of Objects' chapter and their 386 students took part in the survey to acquire information about the difficulties in teaching and learning. 386 students also received a test to examine their understandings of the chapter. The results of this study are as follow; First, the degree of teachers' and students' difficulty is only affected by the contents, and the degree of onerousness felt by teachers is higher than that of students. Second, The topics caused higher difficulty to teachers were 'Understanding the meaning of motion(2nd lesson)', 'Understanding the meaning and unit of speed(5th lesson)', 'Changing unit of speed(6th lesson)', 'Drawing a distance-time graph(7th lesson)', and 'Understanding the relative motion(10th). The topics that led higher difficulty to students were the contents of 5th, 6th, and 7th lessons. Third, the 'Speed of Objects' chapter can be divided into 4 types of difficulty according to the degree of teaching and learning; 'Strong difficulty', 'Learning difficulty', 'Weak difficulty', and 'Teaching difficulty'. Last, students showed low achievement to the tasks that were related with 'Strong difficulty' and 'Teaching difficulty'.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.51-73
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• 2017

This study has analyzed the characteristics of the French method of childrearing which is drawing attention recently based on the psychoanalytic theory of François Dolto, the so-called French people's godmother, the child psychoanalyst. Dolto is a psychoanalyst who represents France and is the unique character who was loved by the public and established unique frame of child psychoanalytic analysis by combining psychoanalysis and pediatrics. She cherished communication through conversation with infants and toddlers and has perceived even the babies who can not speak yet as a lingual being who understands words. This study has selected domestically published books on French method of childrearing and documentary broadcasting program which dealt with childrearing, classified the common theme and deducted four core words, which are temperance, perseverance, waiting, autonomy and rule, authority and respect and independence and self-reliance. These core themes have been explained based on Dolto's theory of communication, infans, castration, subject and others and desire etc. Also, a new direction has been proposed for the child education in households and childrearing by Korean parents through French method of childrearing.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.379-386
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• 2011

The article is to investigate selection of Korean cuisine restaurants and levels of acculturation for foreigner living in Korea and to suggest some guidelines for drawing them and enlargement in consuming market. Out of 250 questionnaires, 220 questionnaires were used for data analysis. The findings are showed visiting for taking experience other culture and learning technology & training, not knowing well much about Korean culture, and eating experience Korean food on 30.5%, less than 2 years length in Korea. And the most difficult points are showed unclear communication, rude behavior, attitude, and language in living Korea. Second, the purpose of visiting restaurant is to spend good time with friends and to eat out special food, then foreigners usually have lunch & dinner Korean food, their own food on weekend. Third, 'service' and 'sanitation & cleanness' factors were ranked highly for foreigners living less than 2 years, but 'location' factor was ranked highly for residents living more than 4 years in the Korea. Last, foreigners living less than 2 years recognized highly on 'identification and Korea culture' in the Korea.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.39-50
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• 2003

Secondary school environmental education is offered mostly in extra-curricular activities, not included in the school curriculum. Therefore, drawing out its curriculum has been left to teachers' discretion. Teachers' beliefs in EE have much more influence on the selection of content of EE than any other psychological factors. It follows that the reality of school EE depends on what teachers believes about EE and which content of EE they select according to their beliefs. This study is to research the realities of the secondary school EE: examine teachers' beliefs about EE and analyse environmental views in their environment-related programs; examine whether teachers' programs reflect their beliefs and environmental views; identify the factors which teachers inhibit teachers from their expression of these beliefs. To identify what perspective was reflected to these programs, this study employs environmentalism. Environmentalism can be classified into 3 categories: environmental management; deep ecology; social ecology. Data were gathered by means of in-depth interviews with five teachers. To show teachers' beliefs clearly, the analysis of the data was conducted on the basis of 5 categories: 'ecological sensitivity', 'value education', 'behaviors', 'issues', 'perception of a cause of environmental problems, related to social structures'. These belifs reflect deep ecological perspective and social ecology. But these perspectives did not accord with those in programs. Most EE programs included only the deep ecological perspective. They didn't reflect their beliefs that students should perceive the cause of environmental problems in the social structure. The factors which teachers find as inhibiting or supporting their expression of these beliefs were analysed as following: (1) EE requests the change of curriculum and methods of instruction; (2) teachers should acquire 'environmental consciousness' and environmentrelated knowledge; (3) programs requests an administrative and financial support.

• Language and Information
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.113-144
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• 2010

The primary goal of this paper is to find a feasible way to answer the question: Does the similarity in meaning between verbs relate to the similarity in their subcategorization? In order to answer this question in a rather concrete way on the basis of a large set of English verbs, this study made use of various language resources, tools, and statistical methodologies. We first compiled a list of 678 verbs that were selected from the most and second most frequent word lists from the Colins Cobuild English Dictionary, which also appeared in WordNet 3.0. We calculated similarity measures between all the pairs of the words based on the 'jcn' algorithm (Jiang and Conrath, 1997) implemented in the WordNet::Similarity module (Pedersen, Patwardhan, and Michelizzi, 2004). The clustering process followed, first building similarity matrices out of the similarity measure values, next drawing dendrograms on the basis of the matricies, then finally getting 177 meaningful clusters (covering 437 verbs) that passed a certain level set by z-score. The subcategorization frames and their frequency values were taken from the ICE-GB. In order to calculate the Selectional Preference Strength (SPS) of the relationship between a verb and its subcategorizations, we relied on the Kullback-Leibler Divergence model (Resnik, 1996). The SPS values of the verbs in the same cluster were compared with each other, which served to give the statistical values that indicate how much the SPS values overlap between the subcategorization frames of the verbs. Our final analysis shows that the degree of overlap, or the relationship between semantic similarity and the subcategorization frames of the verbs in English, is equally spread out from the 'very strongly related' to the 'very weakly related'. Some semantically similar verbs share a lot in terms of their subcategorization frames, and some others indicate an average degree of strength in the relationship, while the others, though still semantically similar, tend to share little in their subcategorization frames.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.23
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• pp.127-163
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• 1992

The proper evaluation of reference services requires qualitative approach as well as quantitative one. The quality of a reference service can be evaluated by how promptly and accurately a librarian responds to the user's questions and also by how much the user is satisfied with the librarian's overall performance in providing the answer. In this study, the reference service of an university library was evaluated by the following procedure : 1. Identification of a group of the most frequently referred Korean government publications through two pre-tests of user surveys. 2. Preparation of 130 questions of bibliographic and factual type from the above publications. 3. Selection of 30 questions which can be answered from the collection of the evaluated library. 4. Mimic requests of reference service by 5 proxies trained on the unobtrusive test method with 30 questions asked at various times of the day and on various days of the week during a period of 5 months. 5. Drawing up of response sheets (by proxies) with descriptive comments on library staffs' question administration, response, attitude, etc. 6. Preparation and coding of data tabulation sheets and final analysis. The conclusions of this study are as follows : 1. The user serveys showed that needs for the library service for government publications were great. The $80\%$ of the government publications users were visiting more than two organizations for access to information and the $37\%$ were getting information directly from the publishers. 2. The librarians of the evaluated library could give correct answers to $53\%$ of 30 (bibliographic and factual) guestions. 3. The correctness of answer was independent of the length of the time spent the librarians. The librarians' grasp of the questions and direction of approach determined the success or failure of the service. 4. The librarians relied too much on the reference library catalog which doesn't include many of the government publications of their own collection. 5. The $79\%$ of the failure of the service were due to the librarians' lack of knowledge as to the information source for government publications and the unsystematic method of approach to it.