• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.3-14
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• 2004

A two-dimensional numerical model based on a finite volume method was formulated to solve the shallow water equations and applied for evaluating drainage characteristics at large-sized paddy fields. Manning roughness coefficient was calibrated using the observed inundating depths at drainage tests, and used for validating the model with the results from another drainage test. The simulated results were in good agreement with the observed inundating depths. The result of surface drainage showed that the longer width of the outlet was or the more the number of drainage outlet was, the shorter the drainage time was taken, and the larger the size of the field become, the longer the drainage time was taken, and the field shape had little effect on drainage time. To reduce the drainage time to 24 hours, the outlet is located lower than the elevation of the basin and small drainage ditch is constructed at the field. The results showed that the drainage time was taken short as the small drainage ditch was constructed. The comparison of drainage time as to the size of field constructed small drainage ditch showed the field, 100m ${\times}$ 200 m, can be drained in 24 hours.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2023

Endoscopic biliary drainage strategies for managing unresectable malignant hilar biliary obstruction differ in terms of stent type, drainage area, and deployment method. However, the optimal endoscopic drainage strategy remains unclear. Uncovered self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) are the preferred type because of their higher functional success rate, longer time to recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO), and fewer cases of reintervention than plastic stents (PS). Other PS subtypes and covered SEMS, which feature a longer time to RBO than PS, can be removed during reintervention for RBO. Bilateral SEMS placement is associated with a longer time to RBO and a longer survival time than unilateral SEMS placement. Unilateral drainage is acceptable if a drainage volume of greater than 50% of the total liver volume can be achieved. In terms of deployment method, no differences were observed in clinical outcomes between side-by-side (SBS) and stent-in-stent deployment. Simultaneous SBS boasts a shorter procedure time and higher technical success rate than sequential SBS. This review of previous studies aimed to clarify the optimal endoscopic biliary drainage strategy for unresectable malignant hilar biliary obstruction.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2000

The change of fiber length, freeness, initial forming drainage velocity, specific filtration resistance, final drainage time and wet web dryness were measured to investigate the effect of the refining load on the drainage characteristics of pulp. The arithmetic average fiber length after refining with higher refining load was shorter than that obtained with lower refining load. Higher refining load decreased initial forming drainage velocity, final drainage time and wet web dryness. The refining load also affected the relationship between freeness and specific filtration resistance, initial forming drainage velocity, final drainage time. It was found that the specific filtration resistance is better than freeness to predict the drainage characteristics of pulp and the wet dryness.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.25-33
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• 1999

A great difference in drainage time was observed from the recycled stocks between corrugated container board and its component papers, liner and medium paper. It could be assumed that the different drainage property should be caused from a starch adhesive present in the corrugated board. Thus, three types of starch such as dried Stein-Hall adhesive, cooked starch solution, and its dried film were added to linerboard stock in order to investigate the mechanism of drainage reduction. The water-swollen starch particles derived from Stein-Hall adhesive were drastically deteriorated the drainage time, even though the amount of starch is very small (2% or below). The drainage time of OCC was improved by 25% when amylase was used a new biological treatment. The results from the lab and mill test showed that the starch-degradable enzymatic treatment improves the drainage property as well as the reduction of calcium hardness.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.109-116
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• 1999

This study is to make clear for the characteristics of radial drainage consolidation/permeability At the result of the radial drainage consolidation / permeability test, the permeability of outflow drainage condition is higher than Inflow drainage condition and the time for the end of consolidation, outflow drainage condition is shorter than inflow drainage condition. So drainage area ratio test and control of hydraulic gradient test are carry out to analysis this result. Finally, compared with the characteristics on the condition of inflow and outflow permeability and consolidation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권21호
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• pp.9391-9394
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• 2014

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of internal-external percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (IEPTBD) for patients with malignant obstructive jaundice. Methods: During the period of January 2008 and July 2013, internal-external drainage was performed in 42 patients with malignant obstructive jaundice. During the procedure, if the guide wire could pass through the occlusion and into the duodenum, IEPTBD was performed. External drainage biliary catheter was placed if the occlusion was not crossed. Newly onset of infection, degree of bilirubin decrease and the survival time of patients were selected as parameters to evaluate the effect of IEPTBD. Results: Twenty newly onset of infection were recorded after procedure and new infectious rate was 47.6%. Sixteen patients with infection (3 before, 13 after drainage) were uncontrolled after procedure, 12 of them (3 before, 9 after drainage) died within 1 month. The mean TBIL levels declined from 299.53 umol/L before drainage to 257.62 umol/L after drainage, while uninfected group decline from 274.86 umol/L to 132.34 umol/Lp (P < 0.5). The median survival time for uninfected group was 107 days, and for infection group was 43 days (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The IEPTBD drainage may increase the chance of biliary infection, reduce bile drainage efficiency and decrease the long-term prognosis, and the external drainage is a better choice for patients with malignant obstructive jaundice need to biliary drainage.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2004

The greater Increase of the demand for environmental friendly materials especially for packaging industry leads to the larger interest in the reusable and recycable materials such as pulp mold. Although the pulp mold has great characteristics for packaging, some deficiency compared with other packaging material like EPS(Expandable Polystyrene) need to be overcome, for example, the relative higher cost. In this report, since the water drainage rate at the forming zone of a wet pulp mold process could have a great influence on the economical efficiency not only by increasing machine speed but also reducing the drying energy, the optimum ways for increasing drainage were investigated The mechanism of vacuum drainage In pulp mold forming was successfully evaluated by using RDA(Retention and Darinage Analyzer). Since the conditions of stock were greatly affected by the pulping time of low consistency pulper, the optimum pupling time was investigated with considerations of all stock preparation processes. The change of stock temperature and the addition of polyelectrolyte could improve the vacuum drainage rate. It was founded that the wire mesh types of mold former had a little influence on the retention because of the relatively mild vacuum drainage. However, the bigger size of dewatering hole showed better drainage rate and could reduce the plugging and con lamination of mold.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.697-704
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• 1995

벼 무논 골뿌림 재배시 물관리방법 및 생장조절기 처리가 생육 및 도복에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 1994년에 미사질양토(전북통)인 호남 농업시험장 시험포장에서 동진벼를 5월 11일에 골깊이 4cm에 파종하고 중간낙수 회수 및 생장조절제를 처리하여 생육 및 도복형질을 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 상시심수에 비하여 2회 낙수구에서 간장이 짧았으며 생장조절제에는 Inbenfide G. > IMP G. > 무처리 순으로 간장이 단축되었다. 2. 상시심수에 비하여 2회 낙수구에서 간벽이 두껍고 뿌리량 및 뿌리의 심층분포 비율이 높았으나 생장조절제간에는 일정한 경향이 없었다. 3. 도복지수는 상시심수보다 2회 낙수구가 적고 생장조절제에는 세리타드 > 키타진 > 무처리의 순으로 적었으며 도복은 2회 낙수구에서는 생장조절제 무처리에서만 약간 발생하였으나 상시심수구에서는 무처리 > IBP G.> Inabenfide G.의 순으로 도복발생이 심하였다. 4. 쌀수량은 상시심수구의 생장조절제 무처리에서만 감수하였고 기타 처리에는 별 차이가 없었다 5. 따라서 벼 무논골뿌림 재배시는 생장조절제를 처리하지 않아도 2회(파종후 30일과 50일)에 실금갈 정도로 중간낙수만 하면 도복을 방지 할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.409-414
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• 2010

배액전극 제어법을 이용한 토마토 펄라이트 자루재배에서 일중 첫 배액시각을 조절함으로써 적정관수법을 도출하고 배양액을 절감하기 위해 수행되었다. 배액전극 제어법은 다양한 일일 적산일사량, 온도, 습도에서도 식물체의 요구에 능동적으로 급액회수가 변하며 배지의 무게가 안정적으로 유지되었다. 작물의 생육특성상 목표한 첫 배액시각을 정확히 맞추는 것은 어려웠으며, 일중 첫 배액시각을 10시로 제어한 급액처리에서 전후 20분, 10시30분으로 제어한 급액처리에서 전후 50분 정도의 오차범위를 나타내었다. 일중 첫 배액시각은 고려하지 않고 30분 이내에는 관수가 반복되지 않도록 제어한 처리에서는 일중 첫 배액시각은 일정하지 않았으나 실험기간동안 오전 중 첫배액 발생이 고르게 나타났다. 배액전극 제어법은 타이머법에 비해 배액율이 비교적 균일하게 유지되었고, 수분이용효율과 비료이용효율의 분석 결과 매우 경제적인 급액방법이었다. 생육과 총수확량, 당도 등은 처리간 차이가 뚜렷하지 않았으나, 평균과중은 배액전극 제어법이 타이머법보다 컸다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.511-519
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• 2017

Multi-regional water supply system, which installed for supplying multiple water demands, is characterized by large-sized, long-distance, tree-type layout. This system is vulnerable to long-standing service interruption when a pipe breaks is occurred. In this study, a numerical method is proposed to calculate drainage time that directly affects time of service interruption. To begin with, governing equations are formulated to embed the delayed drainage effect by the friction loss, and to resolve complicated connection of pipelines, which are derived from the continuity and energy equations. The nonlinear hydraulic equations are solved by using explicit time integration method and the Newton-Raphson method. The developed model is verified by comparing the result with analytical solution. Furthermore, the model's applicability is validated by the examples of pipelines in serial, in parallel, and complex layout. Finally, the model is utilized to suggest an appropriate actions to reduce the deviation of draining time in the C transmission line of the B multi-regional water supply system.