• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.476-482
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• 2020

Sequence-to-sequence deep neural networks with attention mechanisms have shown superior performance across various domains, where the sizes of the input and the output sequences may differ. However, if the input sequences are much longer than the output sequences, and the characteristic of the input sequence changes within a single output token, the conventional attention mechanisms are inappropriate, because only a single context vector is used for each output token. In this paper, we propose a double-attention mechanism to handle this problem by using two context vectors that cover the left and the right parts of the input focus separately. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated using speech recognition experiments on the TIMIT corpus.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.467-482
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• 2010

For a double array of random elements {$V_{mn};m{\geq}1,\;n{\geq}1$} in a real separable Banach space, some mean convergence theorems and weak laws of large numbers are established. For the mean convergence results, conditions are provided under which $k_{mn}^{-\frac{1}{r}}\sum{{u_m}\atop{i=1}}\sum{{u_n}\atop{i=1}}(V_{ij}-E(V_{ij}|F_{ij})){\rightarrow}0$ in $L_r$ (0 < r < 2). The weak law results provide conditions for $k_{mn}^{-\frac{1}{r}}\sum{{T_m}\atop{i=1}}\sum{{\tau}_n\atop{j=1}}(V_{ij}-E(V_{ij}|F_{ij})){\rightarrow}0$ in probability where {$T_m;m\;{\geq}1$} and {${\tau}_n;n\;{\geq}1$} are sequences of positive integer-valued random variables, {$k_{mn};m{{\geq}}1,\;n{\geq}1$} is an array of positive integers. The sharpness of the results is illustrated by examples.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.3150-3170
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• 2016

In Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), logistics distribution and mobile e-commerce, the real-time, accurate and reliable vehicle trajectory prediction has significant application value. Vehicle trajectory prediction can not only provide accurate location-based services, but also can monitor and predict traffic situation in advance, and then further recommend the optimal route for users. In this paper, firstly, we mine the double layers of hidden states of vehicle historical trajectories, and then determine the parameters of HMM (hidden Markov model) by historical data. Secondly, we adopt Viterbi algorithm to seek the double layers hidden states sequences corresponding to the just driven trajectory. Finally, we propose a new algorithm (DHMTP) for vehicle trajectory prediction based on the hidden Markov model of double layers hidden states, and predict the nearest neighbor unit of location information of the next k stages. The experimental results demonstrate that the prediction accuracy of the proposed algorithm is increased by 18.3% compared with TPMO algorithm and increased by 23.1% compared with Naive algorithm in aspect of predicting the next k phases' trajectories, especially when traffic flow is greater, such as this time from weekday morning to evening. Moreover, the time performance of DHMTP algorithm is also clearly improved compared with TPMO algorithm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.41-41
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• 2003

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the causative agent of a disease that has led to severe mortalities of cultured shrimps in Korea and many other countries. Since 1993, massive mortalities due to the viral infection have also occurred in the penaeid shrimps cultured in Korea. WSSV is a large, circular, double stranded (ds) DNA virus and an enveloped, ellipsoid virus with a rod-shaped nucleocapsid with flat ends. In order to identify the characteristics of this Korean isolate of WSSV, the genes for four virion proteins, VP15, VP19, VP28 and VP35 were cloned and their sequences were compared with the available pool of WSSV gene sequences in the GenBank/EMBL databases. From these comparisons, we confirm the occurrence of WSSV in Korea and deduce that, VP15, VP28 and VP35 genes are identically conserved among the Korean isolate and geographically different foreign isolates, but VP19 amino acid sequences of the Korean WSSV isolates changed valine of the foreign isolates into aspartate. (omitted)

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.907-921
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• 2019

This paper presents two advanced hybrid pulse-width modulation (PWM) strategies for multilevel inverters (MLIs) that provide both common-mode voltage (CMV) elimination and current ripple reduction. The first PWM utilizes sequences that apply one switching state at the double ends of a half-carrier cycle. The second PWM combines the advantages of the former and an existing four-state PWM. Analyses of the harmonic characteristics of the two groups of switching sequences based on a general switching voltage model are carried out, and algorithms to optimize the current ripple are proposed. These methods are simple and can be implemented online for general n-level inverters. Using a three-level NPC inverter and a five-level CHB inverter, good performances in terms of the root mean square current ripple are obtained with the proposed PWM schemes as indicated through improved harmonic distortion factors when compared to existing schemes in almost the entire region of the modulation index. This also leads to a significant reduction in the current total harmonic distortion. Simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed PWM methods.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 1989

Polysomal polyadenylated mRNAs which were purified from pea leaves were fractionated by sucrose grandient sedimentation. Fractions corresponding to the peak at 11.5S were found to contain mostly mRNA encoding the precursor polypeptide to the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcS) by in vitro translation in wheat germ extract. Double-stranded cDNA which was synthesized from the 11.5S mRNA was cloned into Hind III site of plasmid pBR 325. A cDNA clone, H24, was identified to code for rbcS. In vitro translation product of the hybridization-selected mRNA was molecular weight 20,000, presumably the precursor of rbcS. The nucleotide sequences of the H24 showed almost complete homology with the sequences encoding the transit peptide of the rbcS-3A gene which was reported by Fluhr et al.(1986).

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.150-153
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• 2002

Solar UV light is a well-known carcinogen. UVA radiation is probably carcinogenic to humans. In addition, recent investigations point to the importance of UVA irradiation in the photoaging. We investigated the mechanism of sequence- specific DNA damage using $\^$32/P-Iabeled DNA fragments in relation to carcinogenesis and aging. Furthermore, we investigated whether UVA accelerates the telomere shortening in human WI-38 fibroblasts. The exposure of double- stranded DNA fragments to 365 nm light in the presence of endogenous sensitizers produced sequence-specific cleavage at the 5' site of 5'-GG-3' and 5'-GGG-3' sequences. In addition, HPLC analysis revealed that sensitizers plus 365 nm light increased the 8-oxodG content of double-stranded DNA. We discuss the mechanisms of guanine-specific DNA damagecaused by excited photosensitizers in relation to carcinogenesis and aging.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.2004-2007
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• 2006

An efficient method for the in vitro reassembly of homologous DNA sequences is presented. The proposed method involves obtaining single strands of homologous genes and hybridizing them to obtain partially hybridized heteroduplex DNA; cleaving the single-stranded regions of the heteroduplex DNA using S1 nuclease to generate double-strand DNA fragments; denaturing the double-strand DNA fragments to generate single-strand DNA fragments; conducting a series of polymerase chain reactions (PCR) using the single-strand DNA fragments as internal primers and a mixture of homologous DNA as templates to obtain elongated reassembled DNA; and finally, amplifying the reassembled DNA by a PCR using terminal primers. As a result, DNA reassembly could be achieved between homologous genes with a sequence similarity as low as 78%.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1331-1343
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• 2009

In this paper, we are interested in tennis games and the best of all matches that is fair to most of all participants. Especially when players are ordered in accordance with their playing ability, we are interested in finding the best of all matches that is even with each other's playing pair. We propose a loss function And using our proposed loss function, we get a best match that obtains the minimal loss according to the number of games for given participants.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1325-1338
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• 2006

For double arrays of constants ${a_{ni},\;1{\leq}i{\leq}k_n,\;n{\geq}1}$ and sequences of negatively orthant dependent random variables ${X_n,\;n{\geq}1}$, the conditions for strong law of large number of ${\sum}^{k_n}_{i=1}a_{ni}X_i$ are given. Both cases $k_n{\uparrow}{\infty}\;and\;k_n={\infty}$ are treated.