• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.99-116
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• 2003

Knit is classified into two such as basic texture and applied one according to knitting principle, and the basic texture of weft knitting consists of single knit. rib knit, purl knit and interlock knit. The basic texture of warp knitting consists of double knit texture, double code knit texture and double vandyke knit texture. Fourteen costumes were produced with eighteen (18) different types and twenty four (24) raw materials, and we were trying to show a wide range of costumes produced with knitting by making two different brands at random and making different designs depending on four seasons. Knitting technique is very important element in that it allows special surface effectiveness and decides the characteristic of knitting materials. Knit designer plays very important roles such as selection of raw thread, deciding knitting technique and type of knitting machine in designing the knit. Therefore, the knit designer requires the ability to utilize the function of knitting machine to the maximum, the effort to acquire the variety of knitting technique, develop the new knitting technique and for the improvement of knitting design.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.406-407
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• 2007

We report the observed peculiar double four lobe textures in CNT dispersed nematic liquid crystal under vertical field. The electro optic studies in a wide range of applied field showed that the double four lobe texture was observed only in the field range of 120 to 160v. This observed peculiar phenomena is explained in terms field induced movement of CNTs and the subsequent reorientation of Liquid crystal molecules.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.649-653
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• 2010

In this paper, double texturization of multi crystalline silicon solar cells was studied with laser and reactive ion etching (RIE). In the case of multi crystalline silicon wafers, chemical etching has problems in producing a uniform surface texture. Thus various etching methods such as laser and dry texturization have been studied for multi crystalline silicon wafers. In this study, laser texturization with an Nd:$YVO_4$ green laser was performed first to get the proper hole spacing and $300{\mu}m$ was found to be the most proper value. Laser texturization on crystalline silicon wafers was followed by damage removal in acid solution and RIE to achieve double texturization. This study showed that double texturization on multi crystalline silicon wafers with laser firing and RIE resulted in lower reflectance, higher quantum yield and better efficiency than that process without RIE. However, RIE formed sharp structures on the silicon wafer surfaces, which resulted in 0.8% decrease of fill factor at solar cell characterization. While chemical etching makes it difficult to obtain a uniform surface texture for multi crystalline silicon solar cells, the process of double texturization with laser and RIE yields a uniform surface structure, diminished reflectance, and improved efficiency. This finding lays the foundation for the study of low-cost, high efficiency multi crystalline silicon solar cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.323-323
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• 2010

Saw damage of crystalline silicon wafer is unavoidable factor. Usually, alkali treatment for removing the damage has been carried out as the saw damage removal (SDR) process for priming the alkali texture. It usually takes lots of time and energy to remove the sawed damages for solar grade crystalline silicon wafers We implemented two different mixed acidic solution treatments to obtain the improved surface structure of silicon wafer without much sacrifice of the silicon wafer thickness. At the first step, the silicon wafer was dipped into the mixed acidic solution of $HF:HNO_3$=1:2 ration for polished surface and at the second step, it was dipped into the diluted mixed acidic solution of $HF:HNO_3:H_2O$=7:3:10 ratio for porous structure. This double treatment to the silicon wafer brought lower reflectance (25% to 6%) and longer carrier lifetime ($0.15\;{\mu}s$ to $0.39\;{\mu}s$) comparing to the bare poly-crystalline silicon wafer. With optimizing the concentration ratio and the dilution ratio, we can not only effectively substitute the time consuming process of SDR to some extent but also skip plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process. Moreover, to conduct alkali texture for pyramidal structure on silicon wafer surface, we can use only nitric acid rich solution of the mixed acidic solution treatment instead of implementing SDR.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.8
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• pp.1230-1235
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• 2017

We studied surface texture-etching of glass substrate by using reactive ion etching process with various working pressure (0.7~9.0 mT). With the increase in the pressure, a haze parameter, which means diffusive transmittance/total transmittance, was increased in overall wavelength regions, as measured by spectrophotometer. Also, atomic force microscopy (AFM) study also showed that the surface topography transformed from V-shaped, keen surface to U-shaped, flattened surface, which is beneficial for nanocrystalline silicon semiconductor growth with suppressing defective crack formation. The texture-etched ZnO:Al combined with textured glass exhibited pronounced haze properties that showed 60~90 % in overall spectral wavelength regions. This promising optical properties of double textured, transparent conducting substrate can be widely applied in silicon thin film photovoltaics and other optoelectronic devices.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.210-218
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• 2017

The intake of dietary salt through food now exceeds current nutritional recommendations and is thought to have negative effects on human health, such as the increasing prevalence of hypertension. This study was performed to investigate whether $W_1/O/W_2$ double emulsions can be used to enhance the saltiness of cheese without increasing the salt content ($W_1$ is distilled water or 1% abalone hydrolysate, and $W_2$ is 1% NaCl or 1% abalone hydrolysate + 1% NaCl solution). We also investigated the effect of adding abalone hydrolysate to the double emulsion as a saltiness enhancer. The cheeses were physico-chemically evaluated to determine curd yield, pH value, moisture content, color, texture, salt release rate, and sensory properties. No significant differences were observed in curd yield, pH value, moisture content, lightness, or redness between the cheeses made with and without the double emulsion. However, in the evaluation of salt release rate, fresh cheese made with double emulsion ($W_1$ = distilled water, $W_2$ = 1% NaCl + 1% abalone hydrolysate) was detected earlier than the control or the other treatments. In the sensory evaluation, fresh cheese made with the double emulsion showed higher scores for saltiness and overall preference than the control or the other treatments. We concluded that abalone hydrolysate encapsulated in a double emulsion ($W_1$ is water and $W_2$ is abalone hydrolysate and NaCl solution) could enhance the saltiness of fresh cheese while maintaining the same salt concentration, without altering its physical properties.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.130-134
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• 2014

We have fabricated the selective emitter solar cell using double textured nanowires structure. The $40{\times}40mm2$-sized silicon substrates were textured to form the pyramid-shaped surface and the nanowires were fabricated by metal assisted chemical etching process using Ag nanoparticles, subsequently. The heavily doped and shallow emitters for selectiv eemitter solar cells were prepared through the thermal $POCl_3$ diffusion and chemical etch-back process, respectively. The front and rear electrodes were prepared following conventional screen printing method and the widths of fingers have been optimized. The selective emitter solar cell using double textured nanowires structure achieved a conversion efficiency of 17.9% with improved absorption and short circuit current density.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.369-378
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to developed high-efficient rotary tillage system for a power tiller by improving the rotary blade. A kind of the rotary blade with single-edged blade(DS) was developed that requires lower tillage energy than conventional double-edged blade(CD) on the design theory for Japanese rotary blade. In order to find out the tillage characteristics between the single-edged blade and the double-edged blade for power tiller, experiments were performed in soil-bins which were filled up clay loam, loam and sandy loam, and then analyzed the effects of the factors such as soil texture, travelling speed, rotational speed, and tillage depth to each of the blades. And field tests were carried out to compare tillage performances of the two blades using rotary cultivator driven by conventional power tiller. The results of this study were summarized as follows; 1) On the soil bin experiment, it was found that tillage torque of the single-edged blade was less than the ones of the double-edged blade. The decreasing ratios of maximum tillage torque of the single-edged blade to the ones of the double-edged blade were 1 to 8% at clay loam, 5 to 20% at loam and 9 to 31% at sandy loam, respectively. 2) By the field tests, that the tillage performances with the single-edged blade compared with the double-edged blade was improved about 19% in field capacity, about 34% in fuel consumption, and 12.5% in soil breaking ratio. Furthermore, the fluctuation of engine speed, the variation of exhaust gas temperature, and the amount of soil clogging on the blade and straw wound on the rotary shaft showed lower values with the developed blade than the conventional blade. So, it may be concluded that tillage performance by the developed single-edged blade was improved compared with the one by the conventional double-edged blade.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 1998

The texture change of non-linear optical molecules at the air/water interface was investigated as a function of surface pressure with Brewster angle microscopy. The texture change resulted from the aggregation of dye molecules is important to understand the film uniformity and grain formation process. The 4-Octadecylhydroxy-4'-nitrostilbene (OHNS) generated the small spots of size around 1$\mu$m. The spots exhibit high contrast with other film area and do not show angle dependent reflectivity change. It is interesting to observe that the size of the domain stays the same as the film pressure increases. At high surface pressure, the contrast ratio of domains becomes high, which means dense packing of OHNS. And, the size of domain grows. In the middle of domain, highly contrasted domains are formed. The first and the second order transitions of OHNS observed from surface pressure-area isotherm result from the two types of grains. The N,N-Dihexadecylcyanoaniline (DHCA) formed highly contrasted gains over entire region, and the grains are the double layers. The difference in Langmuir film of OHNS and DHCA at the air/water interface is consistent with the small tilt angle from the surface normal for OHNS and the large tilt angle for DHCA in the Langmuir-Blodgett films.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.295-309
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• 2009

In this study, an iterative maximum a posteriori (MAP) approach using a Bayesian model of Markovrandom field (MRF) was proposed for despeckling images that contains speckle. Image process is assumed to combine the random fields associated with the observed intensity process and the image texture process respectively. The objective measure for determining the optimal restoration of this "double compound stochastic" image process is based on Bayes' theorem, and the MAP estimation employs the Point-Jacobian iteration to obtain the optimal solution. In the proposed algorithm, MRF is used to quantify the spatial interaction probabilistically, that is, to provide a type of prior information on the image texture and the neighbor window of any size is defined for contextual information on a local region. However, the window of a certain size would result in using wrong information for the estimation from adjacent regions with different characteristics at the pixels close to or on boundary. To overcome this problem, the new method is designed to use less information from more distant neighbors as the pixel is closer to boundary. It can reduce the possibility to involve the pixel values of adjacent region with different characteristics. The proximity to boundary is estimated using a non-uniformity measurement based on standard deviation of local region. The new scheme has been extensively evaluated using simulation data, and the experimental results show a considerable improvement in despeckling the images that contain speckle.