• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4777-4781
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• 2012

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the efficacy and safety of different doses of thalidomide (Thal) plus dexamethasone (Dex) as the initial therapy in elderly patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). Methods: Clinical data of 28 elderly patients with newly diagnosed MM who underwent the TD regimen as the initial therapy were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups according to the maximal sustained dose of Thal: lower dose (group A) and higher dose (group B). The overall response rate (ORR), progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AES) were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 28 patients were followed up with a median of 18 months. The ORR was 60.1%. The median response time and PFS were 2.0 and 17.0 months, respectively. The mean sustained dose of Thal in group B was significantly higher than group A (292.9 mg v 180.4 mg, P=0.01). There was no significantly difference in ORR (57.1% v 64.3%, P=1.00) and PFS (9.63months v 17.66 months, P=0.73) between groups A and B. During the follow up, only five patients died (<40%) and, therefore, median OS values were not available. It is estimated, however, that the mean survival time in the two groups was 35.6 and 33.4 months (P>0.05), respectively. All of the patients tolerated the treatment well. The incidence of AES in patients with a grading above 3 in group B was significantly higher than in group A (P=0.033). Conclusions: The TD regimen results in a high response rate and manageable AES as the initial therapy in elderly patients with MM. TD should be considered as the front line regimen for the treatment of elderly patients with MM in areas with financial constraints. The clinical response can be achieved at a low dose Thal with minimal toxicity.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1349-1364
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• 2006

An analytic approach that provides explicit estimates of risk on cataract and epilation data is evaluated by reasonableness of conceivable relative risk models regarding a simple, odds, logistic or Gompertz regression method, assuming a binomial distribution. In these analyses, we apply relative risk models with two thresholds between epilators and nonepilators from a highly characteristic lesion of which radiation cataract does not occur around 2 gray for a single acute exposure. The risk models are fitted to the data assuming 10 as a constant relative biological effectiveness of neutron. The likelihood of observing the entire data set in these models fitted is evaluated by an individual binary-response array. Estimation of a threshold with or without severe epilation and the 100 ($1-\alpha$)% confidence limits are derived from the maximum likelihood approach. The relative risk model with two thresholds can be expressed as a formula with structure of Background $\times$ RR, where RR includes threshold models with or without epilation. The radiosensitivity of ionizing radiation to cataracts has been examined for the relationship between epilators and nonepilators.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.285-290
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• 2002

In order to assay the efficacy of newly synthesized antiviral compounds, in vitro studies of their active intracellular phosphorylated metabolites were established as compared with Zidovudine (ZDV). Antiviral base analogs require intracellular phosphorylation prior to the inhibition of HIV replication. Therefore, antiviral drugs concentrations in plasma have not reflected any direct relationship with activity or toxicity. A method has been developed to measure the concentration of total phosphorylated metabolites inside peripheral blood mononuclear cells using modified commercial radioimmunoassay (RIA). ZDV 5'-monophosphate was synthesized and used as a procedural control for RIA modification. PBMCs were isolated from whole blood and incubated with ZDV for 20 h to allow metabolic phosphorylation. Viable cells were extracted overnight with 60% methanol. After evaporation, the extract was reconstituted in Tris buffer. Samples were split into two fractions, one of which was treated with alkaline phosphatase (AP) to liberate phosphate groups. Concentrations of phosphorylated metabolites were determined by subtracting thε concentration of non-AP-treated fraction from that of the treated fraction. Recovery of phosphorylated ZDV from cell extracts was approximately 90%, and reproducibility was acceptable (coefficients of variation <15% for concentrations${\geq}$0.25 ng/mL). Intracellular concentrations $(0.135{\sim}5.019\;nmole/10^6\;cells)$ followed a nonlinear dose-response relationship over the range $0.015{\sim}2.996mM$ extracellular ZDV, with concentration-dependant saturation.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.334-338
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• 2000

Even though it is not practical, yet there is a trend of the researches related to the anesthesia on the determination of depth of anesthesia and level of consciousness in the view point of neurophysiological aspects. That is, quantification of physiological signals which represent human brain function and pharmacological response could be used to find the level of consciousness based on the changes in physiological signals. This research was performed to analyze the relationship between parameters extracted from LAEP(long latency auditory evoked potential) and the amount of sedatives injected to the patients. Seventeen patients were participated for the experiment. Two different sedatives, midazolam and diazepam, were injected intramuscularly, and LAEPs caused by 1KHz and 2KHz auditory tone bust were obtained. It was found that amplitude of extracted parameters from LAEP, N100 and P300, were reduced as dose of sedatives were increased. Results of this study could be used for extracting more meaningful index and establishing algorithm for predicting changes of level of consciousness induced by sedatives.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2016

Objectives: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of and the relationship between stress and musculoskeletal symptoms among undergraduate students. Methods: The convenience sampling method was used for this cross-sectional survey that was conducted from June 16, 2014 to June 21, 2014. A total of 223 subjects (88 men, 135 women) participated in the study and completed a comprehensive self-administered questionnaire requesting information on demographics, medical history, lifestyle, and musculoskeletal symptoms. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) was also administered to the subjects. A total of 223 subjects from 12 universities completed the questionnaires; the data obtained was used for the final statistical analysis. Results: Women had a higher prevalence of stress and musculoskeletal symptoms. Adjusting for sex and age, subjects who were stressed had a 2.85-fold higher risk of musculoskeletal symptoms than subjects who were not stressed. Stratified analyses by sex also showed that women had a higher risk of musculoskeletal symptoms (Modified OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.38-6.45). Conclusions: We found a positive association between stress and musculoskeletal symptoms in undergraduate students; sex differences were present. Further dose-response relationship between stress and musculoskeletal symptoms will be identified by a longitudinal study with a larger sample size.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2004년도 International Conference Global Environmental Problems and their Health Consequences
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• pp.182-184
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• 2004

Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer globally. The effects of several extracts from soybeans and Korean soybean paste (doen-jang) on the growth of human oral carcinoma cells in vitro were assessed. We prepared petroleum ether extract, ethyl acetate extract, chloroform extract, methanol extract, and water extract from soybeans and soybean paste. We used KB cell, which is an oral epidermoid carcinoma cell, and investigated proliferation of the tumor cells using MTT method. Each extract of soybean paste suppressed the KB cell proliferation. A dose-response relationship was observed between the level of ethyl acetate extract of soybean paste and its suppression of the cell proliferation. The effects of soybean extracts were lower than those of soybean paste extracts. The effects might be enhanced by the fermentation of soybeans. The results of this work indicate that extracts from soybeans and Korean soybean paste could have potential as anti-tumor substances.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 1994년도 교수 연수회(환경)
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• pp.545-548
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• 1994

Eletrophysiological methods revealed subclinical neuropathy in 26 workers, exposed from 1 to 17 years to lead and whose blood lead (PbB) values had never exceeded $70{\mu}g/100\;ml$, as ascertained by checking the monitor reports of the factory and by careful exposure history. The PbB determinations had been tested repostedly and had been found valid. The main findings were slowing of the maximal motor conduction velocities of the median and ulnar nerves and particularly the conduction velocity of the slower fibers of the ulnar nerve. Eletrophysiological abnormalities comprised fibriliations, diminution of the number of motor units on maximal contraction, and an abnormal. Thus, a dose-response relationship exlets on a group basis. Since the regular monitoring of PbBs in most workers during their entire period of exposure excludes the possibility of a body burden out of proportion to the PbBs silght neuro-logical damage is produced at exposures hitherto regarded as quite sale.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2005

Chemical mixtures of components, each of which are present at less than guidance concentrations, may be hazardous due to additivity, interactions, or both. Toxicological interactions may increase the health hazard above what would be expected from an assessment of each component singly, or all components additively. So chemical mixture are a particular issue in public health. There are several approach to assess whether there are additivity or interaction in assessing toxicological effects, such as, components-based approach, physiologically-based pharmacokinetic /pharmacodynamic(PBPK/PD) models, hazard index method, and weight-of evidence method. If we consider interaction or additivity effects in assessing the health effects of chemcial mixtures, we can get more accurate information about toxicological effects and dose-response relationship in chemical mixtures.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.515-517
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• 1996

The relative efficiencies of deposition into egg yolk of apo-carotenoic acid ester(APO-E, CAROPHYLL Yellow) and saponified marigold xanthophylls (MX), in the presence of canthaxanthin (CN), were determined using a wheat-based diet. APO-E was deposited with an efficiency of 50 percent and MX with an efficiency between 13 and 20 percent. The dose response relationship for MX was curvilinear with a decreased efficiency at higher concentrations. Canthaxanthin was deposited with and efficiency of 38 percent, irrespective of the source of yellow xanthophylls, up to a dietary concentration of 5.5 mg/kg. At a dietary MX concentration of 8.3 mg/kg the efficiency of deposition of CN declined to 24 percent. The results confirm that the replacement ratio of MX : APO-E is between 3 : 1 and 4 : 1 depending on the dietary inclusion of marigold pigment.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.257-265
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• 1991

실험동물을 이용한 생식독성시험 결과를 기초로 하여 화학물질의 인체내 최기형성 발현 잠재력을 추정하는 질적인 독성평가는 비교적 용이하다. 그러나 인체에 실제로 적용할 수 있는 생식 독성 평가를 위해서는 양적인 독성평가가 요구되는데 여러가지 기본원칙의 불일치성과 검색기술등의 부조으로 아직 학문적인 평가가 어려운 실정이다. 따라서 본 seminar에서는 양적인 독성 평가의 어려운 문제점에 대한 세계적 연구추세를 소개하는 일례로서, 독일 베를린 자유대 독성학 연구소에서 다년간 수행된, 약제의 동물실험결과를 토대로 최기형 효과에 대한 평가시 고려해야 할 제반요소와 원칙에 대해 다음과 같이 소개하고자 한다.