• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.147-151
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• 2007

AAPM TG43 프로토콜에서 선원 강도의 측정은 공기커마강도로 권고하고 있다. 본 연구는 제조사에서 제공되는 공기커마강도의 정확성이 ${\pm}5%$ 범위 이내에 있는지 측정으로 검증하는데 목적이 있다. Standard imaging사의 MAX-4001 Electrometer와 HDR 1000 Plus, 그리고 6 french bronchial Applicator를 재료로 사용하여, 이온함의 중심축의 바닥으로부터 10 mm 지점에서 90 mm 지점까지 이온화 전류를 측정하였다. 측정된 이온화 전류 곡선에서 최대 이온화 전류를 나타내는 거리를 교정의 기준점으로 정하고, 이 이온화 전류 측정치로부터 공기커마강도를 구하였다. 이온화 전류 곡선의 정점인 최대 이온화 전류에 대응하는 거리는 50 mm이었다. 이 거리는 UW-ADCL의 교정 검증서의 선원의 기준점과 완전히 일치하였다. 측정으로 계산된 공기커마강도는 제조사에서 제공된 교정치보다 약 0.5% 더 높게 측정되었다. 제조사에서 제공되는 교정 검증서의 공기커마강도는 신뢰할 수 있는 정확성을 가졌다는 결과를 얻었다. 측정에서 우물형 이온함 안의 dead space의 길이와 선원의 dwell position으로 이동 오차 그리고 산란선의 영향 등을 고려하면, 정확한 측정과 교정의 결과를 얻을 수 있다고 생각된다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2007

Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase Cδ (PLCδ) plays an important role in many cellular responses and is involved in the production of second messenger. The present study was conducted to characterize the catalytic and regulatory properties of the PLCδ of Misgurnus mizolepis (ML-PLCδ). The ML-PLCδ gene was cloned and expressed under according to the method of the previous report (Kim et al., 2004), and its recombinant protein was purified by successive chromatography using Ni2+-NTA affinity column. The recombinant ML-PLCδ showed a concentration-dependent PLC activity to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) or phosphatidylinositol (PI). Its activity was absolutely Ca2+-dependence, which was similar to mammalian PLCδ isozymes. The Ca2+ concentration yielding maximal activation of ML-PLCδ was 100 μM. However, the activity was decreased interestingly by a polyamine, such as spermine and spermidine. In vitro assay using cholate-micelle cell, ML-PLCδ activity was inhibited in dose-dependent manner by sphinogosine but increased by phosphocholine . In the lipid-binding assay, ML-PLCδ was strongly bound to LPA, PI(3)P, PI(4)P, PI(5)P, PI(3,5)P2, PI(4,5)P2, PI(3,4,5)P3 and PA, but it showed the low affinity to S1P, PI(3,4)P2 and PS. Taken together our results, it is suggested that the general catalytic and regulatory properties of ML-PLCδ are similar with those of mammalian PLCδ1 isozymes, but the N-terminal extended piscine phospholipase Cδ1 (ML-PLCδ) might reflect some distinctions in regulatory properties and inositol-lipid binding specificity between piscine ML-PLCδ and mammalian PLCδ isozymes.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.119-131
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• 1998

It has been reported that the glycoprotein extracted from Aloe has strong anti-inflammatory response. However, there has been no research report yet about the effect of Aloe on allergic hypersensitivity reactivity. By using guinea pig lung mast cells, this study aimed to examine the effects of Aloe glycoprotein (NY945) on the mediator releases caused by mast cell activation, and also aimed to assess the effects of NY945 on the mechanism of mediator releases in the mast cell activation. We partially purified mast cell from guinea pig lung tissues by using the enzyme digestion, the rough and the discontinuous density percoll gradient method. Mast cells were sensitized with IgG1 (anti-OA) and challenged with ovalbumin. Histamine was assayed by fluorometric analyzer, leukotrienes by radioimmunoassay. The phospholipase D activity was assessed by the production of labeled phosphatidylalcohol. The amount of mass 1, 2-diacylglycerol (DAG) was measured by the $[^3H]DAG$ produced when prelabeled with $[^3H]myristic$ acid. The phospholipid methylation was assessed by measuring the incorporation of the $[^3H]methyl$ moiety into phospholipids of cellular membranes. Pretreatment of NY945 (10 ${\mu}g$) significantly decreased histamine and leukotrienes releases during mast cell activation. The decrease of histamine release was stronger than that of leukotriene during mast cell activation. The phospholipase D activity increased by the mast cell activation was decreased by the dose-dependent manner in the pretreatment of NY945. The amount of DAG produced by PLC activity was decreased by NY945 pretreatment. The amount of mass 1, 2-diacylglycerol produced by activation of mast cells was decreased in the pretreatment of NY945. NY945 pretreatment strongly inhibited the incorporation of the $[^3H]methyl$ moiety into phospholipids. The data suggest that NY945 purified from Aloe inhibits in part an increase of 1, 2-diacylglycerol which is produced by activating mast cells with antigen-antibody reactions, which is mediated via phosphatidylcholine-phospholipase D and phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C systems, and then followed by the inhibition of histamine release. Furthermore, NY945 reduces the production of phosphatidylcholine by inhibiting the methyltransferase I and II, which decreases the conversion of phosphatidylcholine into arachidonic acid and inhibits the production of leukotrienes.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.228-234
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• 2000

Objectives: Esthesioneuroblastoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that originates from the olfactory sensory cells. This tumor grows from the upper nasal cavity and ethmoid sinus and invades surrounding structures through the cribriform plate into intracranium or orbit in advanced stage. Even though there has been some controversies in determining standard treatment due to rarity of this tumor, the combination treatment of surgery and adjuvant radiation has been recommended for the locally advanced esthesioneuroblastomas. However, the recent clinical experiences of advanced cases showed that combination chemotherapy is highly effective to reduce tumor mass and improve clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of 6 esthesioneuroblastoma patients who were treated in our hospital from 1986. Results: The age of these patients was between 19 and 86 year-old. Among the 6 cases, 2 were diagnosed at stage B and 4 at stage C, according to Kadish classification. Anti-tumor treatments were performed in 5 patients. One patient refused active treatment and was lost to follow-up. Better survival outcome were observed in 3 patients who were treated with combination chemotherapy alone or combined modality treatment including chemotherapy. Conclusion: Based on our retrospective study, the combined treatment consisting of surgery, radiotherapy, and combination chemotherapy should be used to improve treatment results. And furthermore, innovative clinical approaches such as neoadjuvant chemotherapy, high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation, which have been reported to have good therapeutic results, should be considered and applied actively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.440-448
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• 2001

As diverse physiological functions of taurine have been reported, taurine-containing health drinks and products are marketed worldwide for the treatment of various conditions such as improvements of liver, heart and circulatory functions or as an aid to athletic performance. Although animal studies have shown that taurine is fairly safe when supplemented in the diet for an extended period, the effective dose range of taurine for dietary supplements is in controversy. Reports on dietary taurine intakes have been sparse, and would serve as a guideline for determining an appropriate taurine dosage. The present study was aimed to estimate dietary intake level of taurine using the taurine content database of commonly used food stuffs established recently in our laboratory, and also to evaluate plasma concentration and urinary excretion of taurine in adolescents and adults residing in Seoul area. Dietary taurine intakes of the subjects were 219$\pm$16.9mg/day for 16-19 years old(n=123), 177$\pm$18.1mg/day for adults older than 20 years old(n=123). Male subjects(n=115) consumed 216$\pm$21.1mg of taurine/day, while female subjects(n=131) consumed 181$\pm$14.3mg of taurine/day(p<0.05). The level of dietary taurine intake was positively correlated with the levels of dietary intakes of energy, carbohydrate, total lipids, cholesterol, vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$, niacin, vitamin C, calcium, phosphorous, sodium and potassium at p<0.01, and with dietary intakes of iron and animal lipids at p<0.05, respectively. Plasma taurine concentration of subjects were 135$\pm$5.9$\mu$mol/L, which is considered to be within a normal range for healthy subjects. The subjects excreted 1158$\pm$72.7nmol/ of tarine mg creatinine in their urine, which is approximated as 150-170mg of taurine/24hr urine based on the assumption that 18mg creatinine/kg/day is excreted in the urine of healthy adults, and this would be about 80% of the daily taurine intake observed in the same subjects. Dietary taurine intake level was positively correlated with plasma taurine concentration, as well as with urinary taurine excretion corrected by creatinine excretion at p<0.05. The present study was the first report of taurine intake, and plasma concentration and urinary excretion of taurine in a Korean population so far, and these results would serve as an index for the future study evaluating taurine status in a diverse population within and outside Korea. (Korean J Nutrition 34(4) : 440~448, 2001)

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2014

Purpose: To report the results of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for unresectable primary or recurrent cholangiocarcinoma. Materials and Methods: From January 2005 through August 2013, 58 patients with unresectable primary (n = 28) or recurrent (n = 30) cholangiocarcinoma treated by SBRT were retrospectively analyzed. The median prescribed dose was 45 Gy in 3 fractions (range, 15 to 60 Gy in 1-5 fractions). Patients were treated by SBRT only (n = 53) or EBRT + SBRT boost (n = 5). The median tumor volume was 40 mL (range, 5 to 1,287 mL). Results: The median follow-up duration was 10 months (range, 1 to 97 months). The 1-year, 2-year overall survival rates, and median survival were 45%, 20%, and 10 months, respectively. The median survival for primary group and recurrent group were 5 and 13 months, respectively. Local control rate at 1-year and 2-year were 85% and 72%, respectively. Disease progression-free survival rates at 1-year and 2-year were 26% and 23%, respectively. In univariate analysis, ECOG performance score (0-1 vs. 2-3), treatment volume (<50 vs. ${\geq}50mL$), and pre-SBRT CEA level (<5 vs. ${\geq}5ng/mL$) were significant in overall survival rate. In multivariate analysis, ECOG score (p = 0.037) and tumor volume (p = 0.030) were statistically significant. In the recurrent tumor group, patients with >12 months interval from surgery to recurrence showed statistically significant higher overall survival rate than those with ${\leq}12$ months (p = 0.026). Six patients (10%) experienced ${\geq}$grade 3 complications. Conclusion: SBRT can be considered as an effective local modality for unresectable primary or recurrent cholangiocarcinoma.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.142-146
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• 2008

소세포폐암은 비교적 초기 항암치료에 대한 반응이 우수하지만 빠르게 진행하는 것으로 알려져 있다. Topotecan은 topoisomerase I inhibitor로 소세포폐암에서 이차치료제로 사용된다. Topotecan의 흔한 부작용으로는 빈혈, 혈소판감소증, 호중구감소증과 같은 혈액학적 부작용이 있으나, topotecan에 의한 폐독성은 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 저자들은 일차치료에 불응하여 이차치료제로 topotecan을 투여 받던 소세포폐암 환자에서 3주기 topotecan 투약중에 발생한 급성호흡곤란증후군을 경험하여 보고한다. 환자는 호흡곤란을 호소하면서 호흡부전에 빠졌으며, 흉부전산화단층촬영에서 약제에 의한 폐손상을 시사하는 미만성 간유리음영을 보였다. 환자는 급성호흡곤란증후군으로 사망하였다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.131-142
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• 1999

통계청에서 최근에 발표한 한국인 인구통계 자료와 미국 학술원 산하 '방사선의 생물학적 영향 위원회'의 최근 보고서(BEIR-V)의 수정 상대위험 투사모델을 적용하여 한국인의 방사선 피폭에 의한 초과 암발생 위험도를 평가하였다. 인구통계 자료로부터 유도한 사소위험도(trivial risk) 및 계산된 방사선유발 초과 암 위험도를 비교한 후 사소위험도의 수준으로 개인의 피폭선량을 유지하기 위한 국내 원전의 안전운영 목표치를 유도하였다. 방사선 피폭 유발 초과 암 위험도는 0.1 Gy의 단일피폭의 경우에는 $5.5{\times}10^{-3}$, 1.0 mGy/y로 생애연속 피폭 시엔 $3.7{\times}10^{-3}$인 것으로 평가되었다. 한국인의 모든 원인에 의한 기저사망 위험도 및 사소위험도는 각각 $5.2{\times}10^{-3}$ 및 $5.2{\times}10^{-6}$인 것으로 예상되었다. 한국인의 사소위험도 및 방사선 위험도 평가 결과로부터 유도한 국내 원전운영의 안전목표치는 대략 0.05 mSv/y로, 이 값은 미국 원자력규제위원회(USNRC)가 연방규제법 10CFR50 부록 I에서 제시하고 있는 ALARA 지침값과 거의 동일한 값으로 밝혀졌다.

• 대한암한의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2011

Objectives : Epidermal growth factor receptor-inhibitors have demonstrated improved overall survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer, but their use is associated with dermatologic adverse reactions that often require symptomatic treatment. Methods : A 44-year-old woman, who started the chemotherapy of Iressa$^{(R)}$ on August 2010, developed cutaneous symptoms such as papulopustular rash, dry skin, and pruritus on her face and scalp after taking Iressa$^{(R)}$ for four weeks. The patient visited our clinic with such symptoms on March 2011 and underwent herebal remedy targeted to alleviate the skin reactions. The severity of dermatologic symptoms was evaluated with the numeric rating scale and the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. Results : Noticeable changes on the skin lesion were observed after the two months of treatment, without any dose modification of the Iressa$^{(R)}$. The cutaneous symptoms as papulopustular rash, dry skin and pruritus were improved and there was no adverse event induced by the treatment with herbal medicine. Conclusions : This case report suggests that the treatment with a herbal medicine, Samultang-gagambang be considered as a useful treatment to relieve EGFR-inhibitor induced dermatologic adverse reactions.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.119-123
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• 2009

신세포암은 소아에서는 드물지만 모든 연령에 걸쳐 신 세뇨관의 상피세포에서 기인하는 침습적 악성 종양이다. 종양이 국소화 되어있다면 주위 림프절 절개와 함께 국소적 신절제술로 완벽히 제거될 수 있으나, 주위 림프조직을 침범한 경우나 전이 병변이 동반된 진행된 신세포암 에서는 보조 화학치료, 방사선치료 및 면역치료 등을 이용한다. Sorafenib는 경구, 다(多) kinase (multikinase) 억제제로서 최근 전이성 신장 암에 사용이 입증되었다. 그러나 설사, 피로, 탈모와 고혈압 등의 부작용과 발진이나 낙설 그리고 수족 피부 반응(hand-foot skin reaction)과 같은 피부변화 등이 보고되었다. 특히, 손바닥과 발바닥의 홍반 피부 병변을 보이는 수족 증후군(hand-foot syndrome, HFS)은 대부분 세포증식 억제 화학치료 약에 의해 야기된다. 손바닥 발바닥의 홍반성감각부전으로 알려진 수족 증후군은 저림과 고온의 물체에 대한 과민성 같은 감각이상의 전구증상 등을 특징으로 하며, 약 3- 4일 후 원위 지관절에 홍반과 동통을 수반한 양측에 대칭적 손바닥과 발바닥의 부종이 생긴다. 저자들은 14세 여아의 전이성 신세포암 치료에 sorafenib 사용 시 나타난 수족 증후군과 그에 대한 치료를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.