• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1170-1178
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• 2018

갈조류인 감태(Ecklonia cava)의 에틸아세테이트 분획으로부터 phloroglucinol, eckol, eckstolonol, triphlorethol-A, phlorofucofuroeckol A, dieckol의 6종의 phlorotannin이 분리되었으며, NMR 및 MS분석으로 구조가 규명되었다. 감태의 주요 활성물질 분석을 위하여, 분리된 6종 물질에 대한 항산화, 항염증 및 항알러지 효과를 평가하였다. 그 중 phlorofucofuroeckol A와 triphlorethol-A가 라디컬(DPPH, ABTS) 소거 활성이 높았으며, 염증 반응에 대한 활성을 분석하기 위하여 LPS를 처리한 대식세포주인 Raw264.7에서 산화질소(NO) 생성 억제활성을 측정한 결과, phlorofucofuroeckol A의 NO 생성 억제 효과가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 알러지 반응에 대한 억제활성을 분석하기 위하여 IgE-항체로 활성화시킨 비만세포주 RBL-2H3에서 분비되는 ${\beta}-Hexosaminidase$를 측정한 결과, dieckol이 농도의존적으로 가장 높은 억제 효과를 나타냈다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 항염증 및 항알러지 활성을 중심으로 분리된 6종의 플로로탄닌 중 phlorofucofuroeckol A와 dieckol은 감태의 알러지 염증 억제활성을 나타내는 주요 물질로 사료된다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.199-208
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• 2015

Objectives : In the present study, we investigated the effects of ethanol extract of Scutellaria baicalensis (EESB) on the progression of cell cycle in human renal cell carcinoma Caki-1 cells. Methods : The effects of EESB on cell growth and apoptosis induction were evaluated by trypan blue dye exclusion assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The mRNA and protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Results : It was found that EESB treatment on Caki-1 cells resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth and induced apoptotic cell death as detected by Annexin V-FITC staining. The flow cytometric analysis indicated that EESB resulted in G2/M arrest in cell cycle progression which was associated with the down-regulation of cyclin A expression. Our results also revealed that treatment with EESB increased the mRNA and proteins expression of tumor suppressor p53 and cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1), without any noticeable changes in cyclin B1, Cdk2 and Cdc2. In addition, the incubation of cells with EESB resulted in a significant increase in the binding of p21 and Cdk2 and Cdc2. These findings suggest that EESB-induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis in Caki-1 cells is mediated through the p53-mediated upregulation of Cdk inhibitor p21. Conclusions : Taken together, these findings suggest that EESB may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent and further studies will be needed to identify the biological active compounds that confer the anti-cancer activity of S. baicalensis.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.66-71
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• 1989

It has been standard practice in many institutions to use a combination of a light general anesthesia and an epidural block for lower abdominal and pelvic surgery. This combination of a balanced anesthesia can provide various benefits to the patient such as less bleeding in the surgical field, the use of a lower concentration of general anesthetics, less muscle relaxant, and post operative pain management. However, there are several problems associated with hemodynamics such as bradycardia and hypotension etc. In order to block the pain of the high surgical area with a lumbar epidural puncture postoperatively, a large volume of local anesthetic is required and consequently an extensive blockade of sympathetic, sensory and motor functions can occur causing motor weakness, numbness and postural hypotension. Therefore, the patient is unable to have early ambulation postoperatively. In this study, thoracic epidural catheterization was undertaken to locate the tip of the catheter exactly at the surgical level for upper abdominal surgery, and was followed by general anesthesia. Twenty-one patients scheduled for upper abdominal surgery were selected. Fifteen of them had hepatobiliary operations and the remaining 6 had gastrectomies. Thoracic epidural punctures were performed mostly at T9-T10 (57.1%) and T8-T9. Neuromuscular blocking agents were not used in half of the cases and the, mean doses of relaxant were $3.5{\pm}1.0mg$ in gastrectomies, and $2.7{\pm}0.9mg$ in cases of hepatobiliary operation. Epidural morphine was injected 1 hour before the end of the operation for postoperative pain control. Eight patients did not require additional analgesics and the mean dose of epidural morphine was $2.2{\pm}0.9mg$, and 13 cases were given 0.125% epidural bupivacaine when patients complained of pain. Their initial doses of epidural morphine were $1.9{\pm}0.4mg$ and the mean duration of bupivacaine was 6 hours 20 minutes${\pm}40$ minutes. In conclusion. thoracic epidural analgesia is valuable to reduce postoperative pain in patients with upper abdominal surgery, However, it is not easy to maintain this balanced anesthesia with high epidural analgesia-and light general anesthesia for upper abdominal surgery because of marked hemodynamic changes. Therefore, further practice will be required.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2001년도 Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Meeting of Yellow Sea Environment
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• pp.30-41
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• 2001

Rapid economic development and industrialization has been accompanied by an increase of energy demand and environmental pollution. The consumption of gasoline has increased totally, but decreased in use of leaded gasoline after 1988 in Korea. On the other hand, risk assessment of environmental pollutants requires reliable dose estimates. Source oriented monitoring is not providing adequate information to estimate human exposure. The Health Surveillance Project has been launched in Korea from 1980, which questioned their symptoms based on questionnaires and medical examinations for inhabitants in the vicinity of 13 industrial areas and 2 non-industrial areas. 10, 598 inhabitants living in these 15 areas had medical checkups and donated their blood f3r heavy metal analysis from 1980 to 2000 through this project. Especially lead levels in inhabitants' blood of these areas were determined and monitored. Totally 4, 967 samples in target areas were used to review the trend of blood lead level in this paper. Average lead concentrations by areas were from 15.2 to 21.0 ug/dl in 1981 and 22.3 to 34.3 ug/dl in 1988, but were 8.8 to 11.1 ug/dl in 1992 and 4.4 to 4.8 ug/dl in 1995. On the other hand, the consumption of leaded gasoline was at a peak in 1958. Blood lead level showed a very close relationship with the consumption of leaded gasoline in the change pattern(p<0.01) and showed a rapid declining trend since the use of unleaded gasoline, especially from 1988 when Seoul held the olympic games. For example, the blood lead levels were 15.2 ug/dl in 1981, 20.2 ug/dl in 1955. 24.3 ug/dl in 1988 and 3.9 ug/dl in 1993 in Yochon area. China also had monitored blood lead levels of general population. 7, 015 inhabitants living in 28 areas donated their blood far heavy metal analysis from 1981 to 1988. Average lead concentrations by areas were from 5.1 to 5.6 ug/dl before. 1984 but were form 2.8 to 11.2 ug/dl after 1984. Average lead concentration in blood showed increasing trends clearly in most of the areas. The recent policy of unleaded gasoline use for automobile will be a very beneficial policy for the management of atmospheric lead pollution & health risk assessment for the general population in China. It is recommended that it should be propelled more widely and rapidly to the entire country.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.251-259
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• 2007

고랭지배추 재배지에 발생하는 나방류 해충의 방제에 생물적방제와 화학적방제의 조화로운 이용을 위하여, 배추 재배 시 사용되는 약제 중 배추좀나방의 천적인 배추나비고치별 (Cotesia glomerata) 에 대해 저독성을 보이는 약제를 선발하고 잔류독성을 평가하였다. 배추나비고치벌에 대한 저독성 약제선발 방법으로 먹이처리법 (Diet treatment method), 잎침지처리법 (Leaf dipping method) 및 충제침지처리법(Body dipping method) 을 확립하였다. 배추에 등록되어 있는 주요 살충제 31 종을 추천농도로 희석한 후 배추나비고치별 성충을 충체침지처리한 결과 22종이 저독성 약제로 선발되었으며, 배추에 등록된 살균제 및 제초제 15 종은 배추나비고치별 성충에 모두 독성이 낮았다. 배추에 13 종의 살충제를 처리하여 일수별로 배추나비고치벌 성충에 대한 잔류독성을 평가한 결과, 약제처리 l일후에 방사해도 안전한 약제는 thiacloprid, acephate, chlorfenapyr, clothianidin의 4 종이었으며, 3 일후에 방사가 가능한 약제는 imidacloprid, deltamethrin, thiamethoxam, dimethylvinphos, emamectin benzoate이었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.415-423
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• 2007

화학적방제와 생물적방제를 상호보완적으로 사용하여 해충을 방제하기 위해 천적에 대한 저독성 약제와 천적의 안전방사시기를 설정하였다. 고추와 착색단고추에 등록되어 있는 52종(살충제 33종, 살균제 19종)의 살충 살균제를 충체침지처리법과 잎침지처리법으로 독성을 평가하였다. 살충제의 충체침지처리 후 애꽃노린재 성충에 대한 저독성약제는 milbemectin유제 등 14종이었으며, 잎침지처리법에 의한 저독성약제는 12종이었다. 처리한 살균제 19종은 모두 천적에 대해 저독성을 보였다. 약제살포 후 1일에 안전방사 가능한 약제는 pyraclofos, methomyl, thiodicarb, esfenvalerate bifenthrin, alpha-cyrermethrin, etofenprox, fenvalerate, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, abamectin, emamectin benzoate, spinosad, indoxacarb등 14종이었으며, 네오니코티노이드계 농약은 잔류독성이 길게 나타났다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.577-584
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• 2013

토모테라피의 영상유도방사선치료는 환자의 자세재현성을 증가시켜 방사선치료의 정확성을 향상 시킬 수 있으나 그 정확성이 검증되어야 하며, MVCT 촬영에 의한 환자피폭이 발생할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 토모테라피의 영상유도 정확성은 1.0mm 이내로 매우 양호하게 측정되었으며, 선량은 각각 Fine(2mm) 3cGy, Normal(4mm) 1.5cGy, Corse(6mm) 1cGy로, 해상력은 Normal에서 비교적 양호하게 나타났다. 따라서 환자 피폭을 줄이기 위해서 Fine 보다 Normal을 선택하고 MVCT 촬영범위를 최소화하여 실시하는 것이 바람직하다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.18-22
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• 2009

Oxaliplatin is a tolerable and effective drug of choice in the treatment of advanced or metastatic gastric cancer. However, it has many dose-limiting neurotoxicities. This study was performed to assess the incidence and types of oxaliplatin-related neurotoxicities. Sixty-four patients receiving oxaliplatin-involved regimen as salvage therapy on metastatic gastric cancer or as the first-line therapy on advanced gastric cancer were evaluated during the period between September 1, 2006 and February 29, 2008. The patients were treated with oxaliplatin 100 $mg/m^2$ and leucovorin 100 $mg/m^2$ simultaneously as 2-hour-lasting infusion on Day-1 followed by 5-FU 1200 $mg/m^2$ as a 22-hour-lasting continuous infusion both on Day-1 and Day-2 by every other week. We developed questionnaires to evaluate patient-recognized neurotoxic symptoms rather than the observer-described events. Surveys were completed at bedside or via telephone interview. Acute and chronic neurotoxicities were graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI-CTC, version 3) as well as the Oxaliplatin-specific Neurotoxicity Scale. The Grade-3 neuropathy was reported in 19% of the patients (n=12) and grade-1/2 neuropathy occurred in 70% (n=45). The most common symptom was cold-related dysesthesia (83%) regarded as nociperception by the patients. Some patients (19%) experienced functional impairment affecting activities of daily living such as writing, buttoning, and walking. Even though 74% of the patients (42/57) were prescribed with gabapentin to reduce these peripheral symptoms, it did not appear to derive any benefit from this medication. It is suggested that notify the patients about their oxaliplatin-associated, debilitating symptoms, and educate them any self-care strategy at the initiating phase of the chemotherapy. Moreover, it needs to design the intervention studies regarding the prevention and management of the peripheral neuropathy.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 고온 처리된 납석을 흡착제로 이용하여 불소 제거를 연구하는 것이었다. 본 연구에서는 흡착제양, 반응시간, 초기불소농도 그리고 용액pH가 불소제거에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 회분조건에서 흡착실험을 수행하였다. 실험에는 다양한 온도에서 열처리한 납석[무처리 (P-U), $400^{\circ}C$ (P-400), $600^{\circ}C$ (P-600)]을 사용하였다. 실험결과, 불소흡착능은 P-400 > P-U > P-600 순으로 나타났다. XRD 분석결과, P-U와 P-400은 석영, 디카이트, 엽납석으로 구성된 반면, P-600은 석영으로만 구성된 것으로 나타났다. BET 분석결과, 비표면적은 P-600 > P-400 > P-U 순으로 나타났다. 동역학적 실험결과, P-400에서의 불소흡착은 24시간 이내에 평형에 도달하였다. 평형흡착 실험결과, P-400의 최대 불소흡착능은 0.957 mg/g이었다. 또한, P-400에 의한 불소제거는 pH 4-10범위에서 용액 pH의 영향을 받지 않았지만, 강산성(pH < 4)과 강염기성(pH > 10) 조건에서는 불소제거가 크게 감소하였다. 본 연구에 의하면, 납석은 저가 흡착제로써 수용액상의 불소제거에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.6-17
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• 2017

본 연구는 3-methylpentane에 대한 흡입유해성을 평가하여 국제연합에서 정하는 화학물질의 분류 및 표지에 관한 세계조화시스템(Globally harmonized system, GHS)지침 및 고용노동부고시 제2013-37호에 따른 3-methylpentane의 화학물질 분류 표시 자료를 생산하기 위하여 OECD 화학물질 시험가이드라인 아급성흡입독성시험 TG 412(Subacute inhalation toxicity) 시험법에 따라 수행하였다. 본 연구를 위하여 6주령의 랫드(Rat)를 도입하여 1주간 순화시킨 후 암수 각각 대조군 5마리, 저농도군(284 ppm) 5마리, 중농도군(1,135 ppm) 5마리, 고농도군(4,540 ppm) 5마리 등으로 군을 구성하여 일일 6시간, 주 5일, 4주 동안 시험물질을 랫드에 전신으로 노출시켰다. 시험물질 노출을 종료하고 2주 후 시험동물을 희생하여 시험물질에 의한 시험동물의 영향을 평가하였다. 사료섭취량 변화, 체중 변화, 임상관찰, 혈액검사, 부검 소견, 장기무게 측정, 조직병리검사 등 모든 시험결과에서 시험물질에 의한 영향은 나타나지 않아 3-methylpentane의 무유해영향농도는 암수 모두 4,540 ppm이상으로 판단되어 세계조화시스템(GHS) 지침 및 고용노동부고시 제2013-37호(화학물질의 분류 표시 및 물질안전보건에 관한 기준)의 특정표적장기독성(반복노출) 구분 표시 물질에 해당하지 않은 물질로 판단되었다.