• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 1976

The perturbation of dose distribution adjacent to cavities in high energy electron has shown that the percentage of dose increase varies markedly as a function of the build-up layer, the length and thickness of the cavities, and the electron energy. The dose distribution showed that cavities similar in size to those encountered in the head and neck measured by industrial film dosimetry and corrected by ionization chambers. The most increased doses by measuring are resulted in a localized dose of up to 130% of that measured at the depth of maximum dose within a homogeneous tissue equivalent phantom. The measured values and correction factors of dose perturbation due to air cavities showed in diagrams and would be summarized as follows. 1. In $8{\sim}12MeV$ electron beams, the most marked dose is observed when the build-up layer thickness is 0.5cm and cavity volume is $2{\times}2{\times}2cm^3$. 2. The highest dose point is located under cavity when the energy is increased and cavity length is longer. 3. The cavity length at which the maximum percentage dose occurs decreases with increasing energy. 4. The highest percentage cavity doses are obtained when the energy is high, the build-up layer is thin, the thickness of the cavity is large, and the length of the cavity is approximately 1 to 3cm. 5. The doses of upper portion of cavity are less than the standard dose distribution as 5 to 10%. 6. The maximum range of electron beam are extended as much as thickness of cavity. 7. A cavity having a length of 5cm closely approximates a cavity of infinite length.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.129-137
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• 1984

In brachytherapy, it is important to determine the positions of the radiation sources which are inserted into a patient and to estimate the dose resulting from the treatment. Calculation of the dose distribution throughout an implant is so laborious that it is rarely done by manual methods except for model cases. It is possible to calculate isodose distributions and tumor doses for individual patients by the use of a microcomputer. In this program, the dose rate and dose distributions are calculated by numerical integration of point source and the localization of radiation sources are obtained from two radiographs at right angles taken by a simulator developed for the treatment planning. By using microcomputer for brachytherapy, we obtained the result as following 1. Dose calculation and irradiation time for tumor could be calculated under one or five seconds after input data. 2. It was same value under$\pm2\%$ error between dose calculation by computer program and measurement dose. 3. It took about five minutes to reconstruct completely dose distribution for intracavitary irradiation. 4. Calculating by computer made remarkly reduction of dose errors compared with Quimby's calculation in interstitial radiation implantation. 5. It could calculate the biological isoffect dose for high and low dose rate activities.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.71-81
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• 1997

I. Objective and Importance of the Project We have been using MC-50 cyclotron and NT-50 neutron therapy machine for treating cancer patients since 1986 at Korea Cancer Center Hospital. It is mandatory to measure accurately the dose distribution and the total absorbed dose of fast neutron for putting it to the clinical use. At present the methods of measurement of fast neutron are proposed largely by American Associations of Physicists in Medicine (Task Group 18), European Clinical Neutron Dosimetry Group, and International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements. The complexity of measurement, however, induce the methodological differences between them. In our study, therefore, we tried to establish a unique technique of measurement by means of measuring the emitted doses and the dose distribution of fast neutron beam from neutron therapy machine, and to invent a standard method of measurement adequate to our situation. II. Scope and Contents of the Project For establishing a unique technique of measurement and inventing a standard method of measurement of fast neutron beam, 1. to grasp the physical characteristics of neutron therapy machine 2. to study the principles for measrement of fast neutron beam 3. to get the dose distribution (dose rate, percent-depth dose, flatness etc) throught the actual measurement 4. to compare our data with those being cited world-widely.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2011

Background: To evaluate the changes in the radiation dose and temperature distribution on irradiated egg albumin and nanoparticle ($Fe_3O_4$) powder mixed egg albumin. Methods: A new type of phantom was designed by fabricating a $30{\times}30{\times}30cm$ acryl square inside a $3{\times}3{\times}3cm$ small square and dividing it into two parts. In the control group, only egg albumin was irradiated, and in the test group, 25 nm 20 mg/cc, 25 nm 40 mg/cc, and 1 um 40mg/cc nanoparticles with egg albumin were irradiated. The radiation isodose distributions and temperature changes were then observed. Results: No significant changes were observed in the radiation dose and temperature distribution. Conclusion: The nanoparticles were considered not to have had any effect on the radiation dose and temperature distribution under the experimental conditions. Further studies can be conducted based on the changes in the mixture material.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.222-228
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• 2017

Background: On June 18, 2017, Korea's first commercial nuclear reactor, the Kori Nuclear Power Plant No. 1, was permanently suspended, and the capacity of nuclear power generation facilities will be adjusted according to the governments denuclearization policy. In these circumstances, it is necessary to assess the quality of radiation safety management in nuclear power plants in Korea by evaluating the radiation dose associated with them. Materials and Methods: The average annual radiation dose per unit, the annual radiation dose per person, and the annual dose distribution were analyzed using the radiation dose database of nuclear reactors for the last 5 years. The results of our analysis were compared to the specifications of the Nuclear Safety Act and Medical Law in Korea. Results and Discussion: The annual average per unit radiation dose of global major nuclear power generation was 720 man-mSv, while that of Korea's nuclear power plants was 374 manmSv. No workers exceeded 50 mSv per year or 100 mSv in 5 years. The individual radiation dose according to occupational exposure was 0.59 mSv for nuclear workers, 1.77 mSv for non-destructive workers, and 0.8 mSv for diagnostic radiologists. Conclusion: The radiation safety management of nuclear power plants in Korea has achieved the best outcomes worldwide, which is considered to be the result of the as-low-as-reasonably-achievable (ALARA) approach and strict radiation safety management. Moreover, the occupational exposures were also very low.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2021

기존 연구인 선량평가의 임상 적용 및 신뢰도 확보를 위하여 EPID를 이용하여 Portal Dosimetry를 검증하였다. 뇌정위방사선수술 2.5 cm cone을 장착하여 360° 회전조사에 의한 측정치와 Geant4의 선량분포를 비교하였다. 뇌전이 환자의 선량분포를 확인하기위해 두부인체 팬톰에 Gafchromic EBT필름을 삽입하여 조사한 선량분포와 VMAT을 이용한 두부인체 팬톰에서 얻은 선량분포를 비교하여 실제 환자에 적용하고자 한다. 분석결과 beam center와 couch의 center가 정확하게 일치하는가를 pin ball을 통해 QA한 결과 1 mm 이내의 오차로 정밀함을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 EBT3 Film에 다양한 선량조사에 따라 0 ~ 10 Gy영역까지 우수한 선형성임을 확인할 수 있었다. 두경부 팬텀과 같은 설정에서 광자 빔을 사용한 Geant4에 기반한 선량 계산 도구의 구현과 시뮬레이션 결과 계산치는 치료계획용적(PTV)내에서 실험 데이터와 일치함을 확인하였다. 따라서 체적변조 아크치료(VMAT) 360° 회전 조사를 실시하여 회전조사에 의한 등선량분포 분석결과 가상 종양을 포함하기에 적절함을 확인하였다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2018

This paper evaluates patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) in the treatment of small and multiple tumors by the CyberKnife system with fixed collimators, using an ion chamber and EBT3 films. We selected 49 patients with single or multiple brain tumors, and the treatment plans include one to four targets with total volumes ranging from 0.12 cc to 3.74 cc. All PSQA deliveries were performed with a stereotactic dose verification phantom. The A16 microchamber (Standard Imaging, WI, USA) and Gafchromic EBT3 film (Ashland ISP Advanced Materials, NJ, USA) were inserted into the phantom to measure the point dose of the target and the dose distribution, respectively. The film was scanned 1 hr after irradiation by a film digitizer scanner and analyzed using RIT software (Radiological Imaging Technology, CO, USA). The acceptance criteria was <5% for the point dose measurement and >90% gamma passing rate using 3%/3 mm and relative dose difference, respectively. The point dose errors between the calculated and measured dose by the ion chamber were in the range of -17.5% to 8.03%. The mean point dose differences for 5 mm, 7.5 mm, and 10 mm fixed cone size was -11.1%, -4.1%, and -1.5%, respectively. The mean gamma passing rates for all cases was 96.1%. Although the maximum dose distribution of multiple targets was not shown in the film, gamma distribution showed that dose verification for multiple tumors can be performed. The use of the microchamber and EBT3 film made it possible to verify the dosimetric and mechanical accuracy of small and multiple targets. In particular, the correction factors should be applied to small fixed collimators less than 10 mm.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.243-252
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• 1994

원격조종 아프터로딩에 의한 고선량율 관내삽입조사는 체내 발생된 종양에 방사선원을 근접시켜 치료하는 방사선요법으로서 신속한 선량계산과 선량의 정확성 및 다양한 모양의 최적선량분포가 요구된다. 저자들은 크기가 작고 선량율이 높은 고선량율의 방사성동위원소에 대한 정확한 조사선량과 최적선량분포를 얻기 위하여 수학적인 콤퓨터 계산프로그램과 실측으로서 비교하였다. 고선량율 선원에 의한 방사선 조사선량과 조직내 흡수선량분포는 각각 Sievert적분식과 Meisberger의 다항식을 이용하여 작성하였다. 종양크기와 모양에 가장 알맞는 선량분포의 최적화를 실현하기 위하여 저자들은 치료기준점의 선량을 일정한 값으로 고정시키고 선원의 조사시간을 조정하는 선형반복 계산방정식을 이용하였다. 모형선원이 장착된 아프터로딩관을 삽입하고 조준엑스선으로 촬영하여 종양부위를 결정한 후 콤퓨터의 도움으로 아프터로딩관의 축과 평행한 등량곡선 또는 과일모양의 선량분포 및 기관지 모양의 등선량분포가 성취되도록 선량최적화를 시행하였고 선량계에 의한 실측치와 오차가 $3\%$이하로 잘 일치하였다.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2010

High energy electron beams were to concentrically dose inside a tumor and more energy is a shape decreased of dose. Therefore, it is useful to radiation therapy of a tumor. Also high energy electron beams ionized into collision with a atom in structure material of tissue and it has big changes to dose distribution by multiple scattering. The study had to establish characteristic of electron beams from interaction of electron beams and materials. Experiment method was to measure dependence of electron beam central axis for depth dose curve, field flatness and symmetry and field size dependence. The results were able to evaluate data for a datum pint of electron beam. Also radiotherapy has to be considered for not only energy pencil of lines but characteristic, electron guide and isodose curves distribution.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 1991

뇌정위적 방사선 수술 시 정확한 3차원적 선량분포에 대한 정보가 필요한다. 3차원적 치료계획은 최적선량분포를 얻기위한 것이며 환자 데이타, 선량분포, 방사선 조사 요소들에 대한 3차원적인 관계를 다루어야만 한다. 원형 조사면에 대한 single 조사면 선량 데이타와 3차원 선량 알고리듬을 이용하여 non-coplanar moving arcs 에 대한 3차원적 선량모델이 개발되었다. 뇌정위적 방사선 수술시 3차원 선량 알고리듬의 적용과 여러경우에 대한 응용에 대하여 논의되어진다.