• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2016

With several different dosages of multi-walled CNTs which was 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% of the weight of binder, the fluidity in fresh CNT cement composites, as well as the strength and strength development with age of the hardened composites were investigated in this experimental study. The experimental results from flow test indicated that the increase in the dosage of CNTs badly impacted on the workability of fresh composites, and the results from rheological measurements presented the decrease in plastic viscosity and the increase in yield stress according to the amount of CNTs. In addition, the thixotrophy in the flow curve obtained from the rheology test was observed more noticeably in the composites with higher dosage of CNTs. With the experiments on the strength properties, the improvement of both compressive and tensile strengths with the increase of CNTs dosage could be obtained. Moreover, early strength development by adding CNTs was found when it was compared with plain cementious matrix without CNT.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.4
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• pp.67-74
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• 1965

The work on the 'Studies of radiosensitivity' in Korea has been initiated since 1959 by the author at various institutions in home and foreign countries, and more than 20000 of plant materials in 73 varieties and 41 kinds are treated under varied conditions for the studies of radiosensitivity in plants. However, a study of the susceptibility to radiation in insect pests as well as their biological effects has not been previously reported in this country. During the year of 1964 and 1965, near 50000 of insects at the stages of adult, egg, larva and pupa in 14 different kinds are irradiated under acute X and gamma rays to investigate the behavior of growth and lethality after irradiation, and thrir general tolerances to radiations are compared by the kind of insects, stage of growth, radiation sources and exposured dosages. Through the experiments, it is shown that the lethality in most of insects are high as several kilo roentgens above and no significant effects on pupation. emergence, and oviposition in the treated generation at the dose of 3 Kr. below, but in the following generation , the rice stem borer for instance, no oviposition or decreased laying is observed from the dosages at 3 Kr. to 1 Kr., and the hatching was possible from 1.5 Kr. below of irradiated larvae although laying and hatching are seemed in normal. In general, the lethal dose $50\%$ of tested infect materials at the larval stage can he classified some what 60-80 Kr. for Pine caterpillar, Fall webworm, Camphor silk moth and their relatives, at 40-60 Kr. for Gypsy moth, Monley prominent and some relatives and at 20-30 Kr. for House fly, Rice weevil, Pine sawfly etc. Plant parasitic nematodes such as Hirschmannia and Paratylenchus shown very high resistance to radiation and the LD-50 is observed from 100 Kr. or above. A concept to evaluate the radiosensitivity in insects by taxological family line as a practical measure is not answerable yet, but it ran he solved within the near future through the continuing experiments.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.117-120
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• 1971

This experiment was carried out to obtain basic informations on the development in sterile-male technique of rice stem borer. The species considered is Chile suppressalis Walker. Different developmental stages of the insect namely; larval, pupae and adult were irradiated with $Co^{60}$ gamma ray. The results obtained were as follows: 1) A 1:1 sex ratio in the pupal stage was observed. 2) In the pupal stage sub-lethal dosages$(LD_{50})$ were 26 KR and 26.7 KR for female and male, respectively. 3) The total number of egg masses per female increased with the increasing gamma ray dosages and average number of eggs produced per female decreased in the cross between normal female and irradiated male. 4) The sterile dosage $(SD_{90})$ of the gamma ray irradiation showed 23 KR in the male. 5) The pupal stage is most convenient developmental stage for irradiation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.1145-1153
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• 2009

The object of this study was to obtain acute information single oral dose toxicity of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts, with mouse bone marrow cell micronucleus test for detecting possible genotoxicity. In order to observe the 50% lethal dose, approximate lethal dosage, maximum tolerance dosage and target organs, test articles were once orally administered to ICR mice at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 50 mg/kg according to the recommendation of KFDA Guidelines. The mortality and changes on body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored during 14 days after dosing according to KFDA Guidelines with organ weights of 12 types of principle organs. In addition, after twice oral treatment of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts 2000, 1000 and 500 mg/kg, we checked the changes on the number of MNPCE. We could not find any mortality, clinical signs, changes in the body weight and gross findings upto 2000 mg/kg treated group. The limited dosages in rodents except for increases of lymphoid organ weights and hypertrophy encounted as results from pharmacological effects of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts, immune modulator effects with some sporadic accidental findings not toxicological signs. No evidence of increases of MNPCE numbers were also detected in all three different dosages of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts treated mice. The results obtained in this study suggest that the LD50 and ALD of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts in mice were considered as over 2000 mg/kg because no mortalities were detected upto 2000 mg/kg that was the highest dose recommended by KFDA and OECD. And the results of mouse bone marrow micronucleus test of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts is negative results.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 1984

Albendazole, a new broad spectrum anthelmintic drug, was evaluated for anthelmintic effects in 74 patients with single or mixed infections of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura. Enterobius vermicularis, Metagonimus yokogawai, Clonorchis sinensis and Taenia spp. Albendazole was administered as a single dose of 400 mg. The cure rate for A. lumbricoides and E. vermicularis was 91.4% and 98.1% respectively at day 30 post-treatment: for T. trichiura it was 51.1% and for M. yakogawai and C. sinensis it was 33.3% and 13.3% respectively. The egg reduction rate at day 30 was 98.5% in A. lumbricoides, 76.5% for T. trichiura : 60.0% for M. yokogawai and 59.6% for C. sinensis However it was not cured in all 5 cases of taeniasis at three months follow-up examination. On the other hand, the various dosages of albendazole were given to the patients infected with C. sinensis and Taenia spp. respectively. The follow-up examinations were carried out at 30 days after treatment in clonorchiasis and at 3 months after treatment in taeniasis. In the results, the recommended dosage of albendazole for clonorchiasis is $3{\times}400mg$ for 3 consecutive days and for taeniasis $2{\times}400mg$ for 3 consecutive days. There were no side effects with the above dosages except only a mild abdominal pain and dizziness in a few patients. Albendazole appears to be more effective than the other available broad spectrum anthelmintic drugs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2004

The alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay, called the comet assay, has been applied to detect DNA damage induced by a number of chemicals and biological factors in vivo and in vitro. The DNA damage was analysed by tail moment (TM) and tail length (TL), which were markers of DNA strand breaks in SCGE. Human, mouse and rat peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were irradiated with different doses of $^{60}Co$ ${\gamma}$-rays, e.g. 1, 2, 4, and 8 Gy at a dose rate of 1 Gy/min. A dose-dependent increase in TM (p<0.01) and TL (p<0.01) was obtained at all the radiation doses (1-8 Gy) in human, mouse and rat PBLs. Mouse PBLs were more sensitive than human PBLs which were in turn more sensitive than rat PBLs when the treated dosages were 1 and 2 Gy. However, human PBLs were more sensitive than mouse PBLs which were in turn more sensitive than rat PBLs when the irradiation dosages were 4 and 8 Gy. Data from all three species could be fitted to a linear-quadratic model. These results indicated that there may be inherent differences in the radio-sensitivity among PBLs of mammalian species.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.35-41
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• 2020

Objectives : The object of this study was to observe anticancer and immunomodulatory effects of Formosa plum aqueous extracts (PLe) on non-small cell lung carcinoma (squamous epithelial carcinoma), NCI-H520, xenograft Balb/c nu-nu nude mice. Method : Three different dosages of PLe, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg were orally administered once a day for 28 days from 11 days after tumor cell inoculation. Five groups, each of seven mice per group were used in the present study as follows. Tumor volume and weights, serum interferon (IFN)-γ levels, serum IL-6 were observed with tumor mass and lymphatic organ histopathology to detect anticancer and immunomodulatory effects. Result : Although no meaningful changes on the tumor weights and volumes were observed after treatment of all three different dosages of PLe, decreases of tumor cell volumes in tumor masses were dose-dependently decreased mediated by increases of apoptosis among tumor cells by treatment of PLe 100 and 200 mg/kg as compared with tumor-bearing control. In addition, decreases on the body weight and gains were also demonstrated in tumor-bearing control with increases of serum IL-6 levels. Conclusion : The results obtained in this study suggest that over 50 mg/kg of PLe showed favorable immunomodulatory and anticachexic effects with anticancer effects in 100 and 200 mg/kg of PLe treated groups on the NCI-H520 cell xenograft. However, detail mechanism studies should be conducted in future with the screening of the biological active compounds in this herb.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.23-36
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• 2015

Purpose : The object of this study was to observe anti-cachexic effects of Kwibi-tang extracts (KBTe) on non-small cell lung carcinoma (squamous epithelial carcinoma), NCI-H520, xenograft Balb/c nu-nu nude mice. Methods : Three different dosages of KBTe, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg were orally administered once a day for 42 days from 11 days after tumor cell inoculation. Six groups, each of 8 mice per group were used in the present study. Changes on the body weight, the epididymal fat weight and serum IL-6 levels were detected with the thicknesses of deposited cervical brown adipose tissue and their mean diameters to monitor the tumor-related anticachexic effects. Results : Deceases on the body weight and gains were also demonstrated in tumor-bearing control with increases of serum IL-6 levels, decreases of epididymal fat pad weight, atrophic changes of cervical brown adipose tissues. These are means that tumor-related cachexia are induced by tumor cell inoculations in the present study. However, these tumor-related cachexia were markedly inhibited by all three different dosages of KBTe treatment as compared with tumor-bearing control. 5-FU showed somewhat deteriorated the tumor-related cachexia in the present study. Conclusion : The results obtained in this study suggest that over 50 mg/kg of KBTe showed favorable anticachexic effects on the NCI-H520 cell xenograft. However, detail mechanism studies should be conducted in future with the screening of the biological active compounds in this herb.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.124-133
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• 2010

The object of this study was to obtain acute information single oral dose toxicity of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts, with mouse bone marrow cell micronucleus test for detecting possible genotoxicity. In order to observe the 50% lethal dose, approximate lethal dosage, maximum tolerance dosage and target organs, test articles were once orally administered to ICR mice at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 50 mg/kg according to the recommendation of KFDA Guidelines. The mortality and changes on body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored during 14 days after dosing according to KFDA Guidelines with organ weights of 12 types of principle organs. In addition, after twice oral treatment of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts 2000, 1000 and 500 mg/kg, we checked the changes on the number of MNPCE. We could not find any mortality, clinical signs, changes in the body weight and gross findings upto 2000 mg/kg treated group. The limited dosages in rodents except for increases of lymphoid organ weights and hypertrophy encounted as results from pharmacological effects of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts, immune modulator effects with some sporadic accidental findings not toxicological signs. No evidence of increases of MNPCE numbers were also detected in all three different dosages of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts treated mice. The results obtained in this study suggest that the LD50 and ALD of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts in mice were considered as over 2000 mg/kg because no mortalities were detected upto 2000 mg/kg that was the highest dose recommended by KFDA and OECD. And the results of mouse bone marrow micronucleus test of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts is negative results.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.329-337
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• 2004

Primiphos-methyl and methidathion as organophosphorus (OP) pesticides were tested for their immunotoxic effects on Balb/c mice. Three dose levels of primiphos-methyl (10, 60, or 120 mg/kg/day) and methidathion (0.5, 2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg/day) were administered orally in the mice for 4 weeks. After, changes in body weight gain, relative weight of spleen and thymus, viable splenic cell numbers, surface marker on immune cell, and proliferation activity were investigated. Results showed that neither Pirimiphos-methyl nor methidathion dosages changed significantly body weight, relative thymus and spleen weight, and thymus and spleen cellularities of the mice, but high dose treatment (120 mg/kg) of pirimiphos-methyl significantly decreased relative spleen weight and spleen cellularity of the mice. No alterations were observed in changes of LPS-proliferation response of splenocytes by exposure to any dose of pirimiphos-methyl and methidathion. However, pirimiphos-methyl dosages reduced ConA-proliferation response of splenocytes and both methidathion and pirimiphos-methyl decreased the ability of antibody production to SRBC. The results indicate that 28 days exposure to the high dose of pirimiphos-methyl suppress the function of splenic T and B cell function, and methidathion reduce the immune responsibility of B cell in mice without the changes in lymphoid organ weight or viability of splenocytes. Pirimiphos-methyl is more immunotoxic than methidathion although this has higher general toxicity than that.