• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제24권7B호
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• pp.1351-1360
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• 1999

기존의 PN 부호 초기동기 장치는 AWGN 채널에 이상적으로 설계되었으므로 주파수 선택적 레일리 페이딩 채널에서는 이상적인 구조가 아니다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 자동 임계치 제어(Automatic Threshold Control: ATC) 알고리즘을 적용한 디지틀 정합 필터링(DMF)을 기반으로 하여 직접 시퀀스 대역확산(DSSS) 방식에서의 PN 부호 초기동기 장치를 제안하고, 검출확률(PD)과 오류 경보확률(PFA)에 대한 성능을 분석하였다. 초기동기를 위한 탐색 기법은 직렬탐색기법을 고려하였으며, 성능평가를 위한 두 가지 확률은 도플러 주파수, 샘플링 주기, 평균 초기동기 시간 및 PN 칩율 등을 고려하여 주파수 선택적 레일리 페이딩 채널환경에서 유도하고 분석하였다. DMF를 기반으로 한 초기동기 시스템 모델은 시뮬레이션을 결과로부터 ATC 알고리즘을 채택한 모델이 기존의 일정 임계치 시스템보다 성능이 우수하다는 결론을 보였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2017

Suspended sediment transport plays principal roles in morphological process of natural coastals. It is needed to understand the reason why interaction characteristics of solitary wave and suspended sediment. The present study shows that suspended sediment pickup derived on solitary wave celerity. The 2D prismatic open channel length is 12 m, width is 0.8 m, height is 0.75 m and slope is 1/6. Generation of solitary wave is used by rapidly opening the sluice gate. Bottom surface sediments are laid movable slope section by 0.03 m thickness and experimental sediments are used anathracite and jumoonjin sand. Techniques of suspended sediment pickup rate are designed equipment ASC(Absorptive Suspended sediment Collector). It could directly absorb 5 points suspended sediment by channel water depth. Solitary wave celerity is measued by ADV(Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter). Mounted two video cameras(Model No. : Sony, HDR-XR550) are used to image processing of suspended sediment concentration and turbidity. Suspended sediment pikcup rate(Einstein, 1950) is analyzed to nondimensionalization based on solitary wave celerity. The suspended sediment pickup rate is suggested that more effective plunging breaking type than spilling. The results indicates fundamental suspended sediment transport mechanism between solitary wave celerity and suspended sediment pickup based on laboratory experiments. Finally, the present study suggests that suspended sediment pickup rate by solitary wave is used only characteristics of sediment and solitary wave celerity.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.410-418
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 항공기 기반 FMCW-SAR(Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave-Synthetic Aperture Radar) 시스템의 연속이동효과를 분석하고, 이를 보정하기 위한 신호처리 연구 결과를 설명하며, 보정된 레이다 신호를 back-projection 알고리즘 기반으로 복원시킨 SAR 영상 품질 개선 결과를 포함한다. FMCW 신호기반 SAR 시스템의 연속이동효과를 FMCW 신호 모델을 이용하여 항공기 이동 속도와 샘플링 주기 등의 영향을 분석하고, 이를 개선시키기 위해 시간-도플러(t, $k_u$) 영역에서의 레이다 신호처리 기법을 적용하였다. 이때, FMCW-SAR 영상 복원을 위해 back-projection 알고리즘과 수정된 정합필터를 활용하였으며, 항공기 기반으로 수집된 실제 X-밴드 대역 데이터에 적용하여 연속이동효과 개선 결과를 확인/검증하였다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.67-82
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• 2007

The basic building block of solar filaments/prominences is thin threads of cool plasma. We have studied the spectral properties of velocity threads, clusters of thinner density threads moving together, by analyzing a sequence of $H{\alpha}$ images of a quiescent filament. The images were taken at Big Bear Solar Observatory with the Lyot filter being successively tuned to wavelengths of -0.6, -0.3, 0.0, +0.3, and +0.6 ${\AA}$ from the centerline. The spectra of contrast constructed from the image data at each spatial point were analyzed using cloud models with a single velocity component, or three velocity components. As a result, we have identified a couple of velocity threads that are characterized by a narrow Doppler width($\Delta\lambda_D=0.27{\AA}$), a moderate value of optical thickness at the $H{\alpha}$ absorption peak($\tau_0=0.3$), and a spatial width(FWHM) of about 1". It has also been inferred that there exist 4-6 velocity threads along the line of sight at each spatial resolution element inside the filament. In about half of the threads, matter moves fast with a line-of-sight speed of $15{\pm}3km\;s^{-1}$, but in the other half it is either at rest or slowly moving with a line-of-sight velocity of $0{\pm}3km\;s^{-1}$. It is found that a statistical balance approximately holds between the numbers of blue-shifted threads and red-shifted threads, and any imbalance between the two numbers is responsible for the non-zero line-of-sight velocity determined using a single-component model fit. Our results support the existence not only of high speed counter-streaming flows, but also of a significant amount of cool matter either being at rest or moving slowly inside the filament.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2017

Background The effect of liposuction on the perforators of the lower abdominal wall has been investigated in several studies. There are controversial results in the literature that have primarily demonstrated the number and patency of the perforators. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of liposuction on the perfusion of perforator-based abdominal flaps using a combined laser-Doppler spectrophotometer (O2C, Oxygen to See, LEA Medizintechnik). Methods Nine female patients undergoing classical abdominoplasty were included in the study. Perforators and the perfusion zones of the deep inferior epigastric artery flap were marked on the patient's abdominal wall. Flap perfusion was quantitatively assessed by measuring blood flow, velocity, capillary oxygen saturation, and relative amount of hemoglobin for each zone preoperatively, after tumescent solution infiltration, following elevation of the flap on a single perforator, and after deep and superficial liposuction, respectively. Results The measurements taken after elevation of the flap were not significantly different than measurements taken after the liposuction procedures. Conclusions The liposuction procedure does not significantly alter the perfusion of perforator-based abdominal flaps in the early period. The abdominal tissue discarded in a classic abdominoplasty operation can be raised as a perforator flap and has been demonstrated to be a unique model for clinical research.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2017

UFMC(Universal Filtered Multi Carrier)는 새로운 종류의 다중 반송파 전송 기술로 OFDM을 대체하는 것을 목표로 하고 있는 5세대 무선 통신 시스템의 하나이다. 이것은 OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Modulation)과 FBMC(Filter Bank Multi Carrier)의 장점을 결합하고 주요한 단점은 피한 두 시스템의 일반화된 모델이라 할 수 있다. UFMC는 기존의 CP-OFDM(Cyclic Prefix-OFDM)에 비해 시간-주파수 불일치와 같은 동기화 조건에 대하여 비교적 강인한 특징을 갖는다. 또한 5G 시스템 M2M(Machine to Machine) 전송과 같이 burst uplink 전송에 적합하다. 이 논문에서 우리는 다양한 채널 상황과 이동속도의 변화에 따른 UFMC의 BER(Bit Error Rate)성능 변화에 대하여 분석 하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 모바일 장치의 이동 속도가 높을수록 낮은 BER성능을 확인 할 수 있었고 채널 상황이 좋을수록 속도에 대하여 민감하였다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

선체-프로펠러-타의 상호작용 해석을 반복계산에 의해 수행하였다. 계측된 공칭속도를 입력자료로 하고 보오텍스 링 이론을 이용하여 유효속도를 계산함으로써 선체와 프로펠러사이의 상호작용을 고려하였고, 계산된 유효속도를 입력자료로 하여 프로펠러-타 상호작용을 계산할 수 있는 포텐셜 기저 패널법을 개발하였다. 프로펠러에 의해 타에 유기되는 속도와 반대로 타에 의해 프로펠러에 유기되는 속도는 수렴된 해가 얻어질 때까지 반복 계산하여 타 주위의 정상유동 해석을 수행하였다. 이와 함께 삼성중공업의 대형 캐비테이션 터널에서 L.D.V를 사용하여 프로펠러 및 타 주위의 유동장을 계측하였고 수치계산 결과와 비교하였다. 실선에 설치되고 있는 혼 타주위의 유동장 계산을 위해 gap flow 모델을 적용하였고, 여러 가지 타각에 대한 수치계산을 수행하여 대형캐비테이션 터널에서 계측된 타 표면에서의 압력과 비교하였으며, 계산된 표면 압력 치는 실험 값과 비교적 일치되는 만족스러운 결과를 얻었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.178-203
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• 2018

In this paper, authors have been evaluated the Frame Error Rate (FER) performance of IEEE 802.11 a/g/p standard 5 GHz frequency band WLAN over Rayleigh and Rician distributed fading channels in presence of Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based transceiver is implemented by using real-time signal processing frameworks (IEEE 802.11 Blocks) in GNU Radio Companion (GRC) and Ettus USRP N200 is used to process the symbol over the wireless radio channel. The FER is calculated for each sub-carrier conventional modulation schemes used by OFDM such as BPSK, QPSK, 16, 64-QAM with different punctuated coding rates. More precise SNR is computed by modifying the SNR calculation process of YANS and NIST error rate model to estimate more accurate FER. Here, real-time signal constellations, OFDM signal spectrums etc. are also observed to find the effect of multipath propagation of signals through flat and frequency selective fading channels. To reduce the error rate due to the multipath fading effect and Doppler shifting, channel estimation (CE) and equalization techniques such as Least Square (LS) and training based adaptive Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm are applied in the receiver. The simulation work is practically verified at GRC by turning into a pair of Software Define Radio (SDR) as a simultaneous transceiver.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.46-56
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• 1996

Many surgeons and anesthesiologists prefer using vasoconstrictor mixed with local anesthetic agent to reduce the incidence of side effects and prolong the duration of analgesia because most local anesthetic agents, except cocaine, were believed to possess vasodilating effect. However, some investigators recently reported vasoconstricting effect of local anesthetic agents. There is still controversy on the vasoactive effect of local anesthetic agents. So this study is aimed to clarify the vasoactive effect of local anesthetics in the animal model resembling clinical settings. Rabbits were anesthesized with ketamine and haloghane, and respirations were controlled with Harvard animal ventilator. Lidocaine (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%) and bupivacaine (0.125%, 0.25% and 0.5%) with or without 1:100,000 epinephrine were subdermaly injected on the femoral bupivacaine of the femoral artery were measured with Doppler flow meter in vivo. The mean arterial pressure, pulse rate, arterial blood gases, pH and level of serum electrolytes were measured at every 2 minute interval for 30 minutes. Results were as follows: 1) There was no significant vasoconstriction with 0.5% lidocaine and 0.125% bupivacaine. 2) Statistically significant (p<0.05) vasodilations were observed with lidocaine (1.0~2.0%) and bupivacaine (0.25~0.5%). 3) There were no changes on the duration of vasodilation induced by local anesthetic agents of various concentrations. 4) Onset of vasodilation induced by local anesthetic agents of high concentration were faster than that of lower concentrations. 5) In the mixed injection group of epinephrine and local anesthetic agent, the vasoconstriction induced by epinephrine was completely reversed by local anesthetics, approximately 5 minutes later. In conclusion, local anesthetic agents at dose exceeding 1.0% lidocaine and 0.25% bupivacaine increase local blood flow significantly in animal study in vivo which is applicable in human clinical settings. The increase blood flow may be due to dilatation of blood vessel. Further study on the analysis of association between amount of absorbed local anesthetics in blood vessels and dilatation of blood vessels is needed.

• 천문학회보
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.88.2-88.2
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• 2011

Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS) is an instrument developed by Seoul National University and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute and installed at the 1.6 meter New Solar Telescope of Big Bear Solar Observatory. Using this instrument, we observed solar filaments and analyzed the data focusing on determining the temperature and non-thermal velocity. We inferred the Doppler absorption widths of $H{\alpha}$ and Ca II 8542$\bar{A}$ lines from the line profiles using the cloud model. From these values, we separately determined temperature and non-thermal velocity. Our first result came from a solar filament observed on 2010 July 29th. Temperature inside a small selected region of this ranges from 4500K to 12000K and non-thermal velocity, from 3.5km/s to 7km/s. We also found temperature varied a lot with time. For example temperature at a fixed point varied from 8000K to 18000K for 40 minutes, displaying an oscillating pattern with a period of about 8 minutes and amplitude of about 2000K. We will also present new results from filaments observed in 2011 summer.