• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.203-207
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• 2006

Isomeric series of dilinked $NO_2S_2$ macrocycles ($L^2$: para-, $L^3$: meta- and $L^4$: ortho-linked) capable of binuclear complexing ability were prepared from its monomeric analog $L^1$ in reasonable yields except ortho-type reaction, which led to mixture due to the formation of monomer-type macrocyclic quaternary ammonium bromide $L^5$. Moreover, L2 (as $2HNO_3$ form) and $L^5$ were confirmed by an X-ray crystallography. Reaction of $HgCl_2$ with $L^2$ yielded a binuclear complex $[Hg_2(L^2)Cl_4]$. In the complex, each mercury(II) has a distorted tetrahedral environment made up of S and N donors from an exodentate $L^2$ and two coordinated Cl atoms.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.415-420
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• 2011

Purpose: The reconstruction of a soft tissue defect of the heel pad can be challenging. One vital issue is the restoration of the ability of the heel to bear the load of the body weight. Many surgeons prefer to use local flaps or free tissue transfer rather than a skin graft. In this study, we evaluated the criteria for choosing a proper flap for heel pad reconstruction. Methods: In this study, 23 cases of heel pad reconstruction were performed by using the flap technique. The etiologies of the heel defects included pressure sores, trauma, or wide excision of a malignant tumor. During the operation, the location, size and depth of the heel pad defect determined which flap was chosen. When the defect size was relatively small and the defect depth was limited to the subcutaneous layer, a local flap was used. A free flap was selected when the defect was so large and deep that almost entire heel pad had to be replaced. Results: There was only one complication of poor graft acceptance, involving partial flap necrosis. This patient experienced complete recovery after debridement of the necrotic tissue and a split thickness skin graft. None of the other transferred tissues had complications. During the follow-up period, the patients were reported satisfactory with both aesthetic and functional results. Conclusion: The heel pad reconstructive method is determined by the size and soft-tissue requirements of the defect. The proper choice of the donor flap allows to achieve satisfactory surgical outcomes in aesthetic and functional viewpoints with fewer complications.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the utilization status of internet and dietary information by gender (boys : 442, girls : 461) in school children (total 903). The results were summarized as follows. The most of children used internet regularly (98.1%) and major purpose of using were mentioned as 'game (39.0%)' and 'social intercourse (49.5%)'. The duration of internet use was '< 2hours (80.9%)' They used internet mainly at 'home (88.8%)', and favorite search engines were 'Yahoo (54.2%)' and 'Daum (31.1%)'. The searching experience on dietary information was from only 35.6% of subjects mainly 'for homework (39.6%)' and 'for health (36.9%)'. The satisfaction degree of searched information was 'high (79.5%)'. Dissatisfactory reasons of internet site for dietary information were pointed out to be 'bring little interest (28.9)', 'difficult contents (19.2%)', and 'poor Information (18.2%)'. Only fifteen % of subjects had experience of nutrition counseling using internet, and purpose of counseling was mainly 'for homework (51.4%)' and 'for health problem (24.3%)'. The problems for nutritional counseling site were pointed out to be 'difficult answer content (31.7%)', 'insincere answer (28.6%)'and 'poor answer content (25.4%)'. They acquire information of nutrition and health management mainly through 'internet (43.7%)'. 'Growth and nutrition (28.3%)', 'improvement in studying ability (13.8%)', 'right weight control (13.3%)' and 'cooking (12.8%)'were most frequently asked information, They had a preference for 'game (40.5%)', 'animation (29.9%)' and 'quiz (18.1%)'as loaming method tools. The favorite site color was 'green (51.3%)'The results of this study showed that although the internet use was very high, they used internet to search dietary information very seldom. Therefore, the information donor should find out what is the optimal tool, what kind of dietary information was needed for school children.

• 폴리머
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.376-380
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• 2010

분자내 전하이동(intramolecular charge transfer, ICT)이 가능한 도너-$\pi$-억셉터(D-$\pi$-A)타입의 발색단 을 근간으로 한 폴리머를 신규 합성하였다. 이 폴리머는 UV-visible spectra 측정결과 용액 상태에서 뿐만 아니라 고체박막 상태에서도 카르보닐기(carbonyl group)에서 기인하는 흡수와 함께 ICT에 의한 장파장 영역에서의 흡수가 관 찰되었다. $Eu^{3+}$ 이온의 첨가에 의해 장파장영역에서 일어나는 흡수의 적색이동(red shift)을 유도하였으며, 더불어 용 액과 박막의 색상도 황색에서 적색으로 변화하는 것이 관찰되었다. 합성된 고분자의 형태 및 유기 용매에 대한 용해도 는 가교제의 함량에 따라 다양한 특성을 나타내었다. 또한, 첨가된 가교제의 함량과 $Eu^{3+}$ 이온의 첨가는 성막 특성의 향상을 유도하였다.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.218-226
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• 2023

Treatment of multiple gingival recession defects is usually more challenging than that of single gingival recession. Various techniques for the treatment of multiple gingival recession have been established. Recently, vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access (VISTA) technique has been considered to exhibit high predictive ability. Connective tissue graft (CTG) has also been considered a gold standard technique owing to its high predictability of root coverage. However, this technique requires a suitable donor site and has clinical disadvantages, such as additional pain. Thus, in this case presentation, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) was used as an alternative material for CTG along with VISTA. We herein report cases of two patients with Miller's class I and III multiple gingival recession defects, respectively. These patients underwent VISTA along with the use of a PRF membrane. They were followed up for 12 months postoperatively, and their clinical parameters, including probing depth, depth of gingival recession, clinical attachment level, and width of attached gingiva at baseline and at 2, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, were assessed. The patient with class 1 recession defects exhibited a significant amount of root coverage, which remained stable during the follow-up period. Whereas the patient with class 3 recession defects had lesser amount of coverage compared to class 1 patient. The partial coverage observed may be attributed to not only anatomical factors but also the technique-sensitive nature of the procedure. Considering these results, the use of VISTA along with PRF is a viable option for treating gingival recession, as it does not cause discomfort to patients. However, various factors need to be considered during the surgical procedure.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2023

Purpose: Autologous osteochondral transplantation (AOT) is indicated for patients with a large osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT), accompanying subchondral cyst, and the failure of bone marrow stimulation (BMS) procedures. Despite the many reports on the clinical results of surgical treatment for medial osteochondral lesions, those of lateral lesions are rare. This paper reports the intermediate-term clinical outcomes after AOT for lateral OLTs. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one patients with lateral OLTs were followed up for at least three years after AOT. The clinical evaluations comprised the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). The radiographic assessment included the irregularity of the articular surface (subchondral plate), the progression of degenerative arthritis, and the changes in talar tilt angle and anterior talar translation. Results: The mean FAOS and FAAM scores improved significantly from 42.1 to 89.5 and 39.5 to 90.6 points, respectively, at the final follow-up (p<0.001). The radiological evaluation revealed two cases (9.5%) of articular step-off ≥2 mm and 1 case (4.8%) of progressive arthritis. The mean talar tilt angle and anterior talar translation improved significantly. As postoperative complications, there was one case of a local wound problem, one case of superficial peroneal nerve injury, and one case of donor site morbidity. At a mean follow-up of 62.3 months, no patient showed a recurrence of instability or required reoperation for OLT. Conclusion: AOT for the lateral OLTs demonstrated satisfactory intermediate-term clinical outcomes, including daily and sports activity abilities. Most OLT could be accessed through lateral ligament division and capsulotomy, and the incidence of iatrogenic complications, such as recurrent sprains or chronic instability, was minimal. AOT appears to be an effective and relatively safe treatment for patients with large lateral osteochondral lesions unresponsive to conservative therapy, with subchondral cysts, or with failed primary BMS.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.133-144
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• 1986

This study was undertaken to assess the effect of ginseng administration on T lymphocyte induced local xenogenic graft-versus-host(GVM) reactions which were induced with thymocyte, spleen cell and lymph node cell of ICR mice. Mice received daily 10mg of 70% alcohol ginseng extract oral1y for 100days and control mice remained untreated for the same period of time. The cells from donor mice were injected intradermally into the closely shaven abdominal skin of Sprague-Dawley rats for GVH tests. The thymocyte from control(ginseng-untreated) mice showed a negative local GVH reaction, whereas thymocyte from experimental(ginseng-treated) mice showed a positive reaction with the rate of 17.4%. When spleen cells were injected, the incidence of positive local GVH reaction was 66.7% among ginseng-treated mice, as opposed to incidence of 45.5% of positive local GVH reaction among control mice. The incidence of positive local GVH reaction of the lymph node cells when injected into a recipient was 71.4% among ginseng-treated mice as compared with that of 18.9% among control mice. The relationship between spleen cell inoculum and intensity of the local GVH reaction was assessed in ginseng-untreated mice. The intensity of GVH reaction clearly appears to be dose related. In ginseng-treated mice, a minimum of $1{\times}10^7$ spleen cell was required for production of positive local GVH reaction with almost linear relationship up to an inoculum of $5{\times}10^8$ cells. In control mice, however, a minimum of $1{\times}10^8$ spleen cells was required for positive GVH reaction. These results strongly suggest that the ginseng administration augments significantly the local xenogenic GVH reaction which was used to assess T lymphocyte function and immunocompetence of mice and in addition to this, these results appear to support previous suggestions that the local GVH reaction consitutes a qualitative test of the functional activity of T lymphocytes. These results may be the first to induce local GVH reaction, employing rats as recipient and mice as donor. This study was also desingned to investigate some of the effects of ginseng extract on lymphocyte-macrophage interactions. This was accomplished by in vitro quantification of 1) migratory inhibitory factor(MIF) synthetic capacity of splenic lymphocytes in mice previously primed with ginseng 2) MIF responsiveness of mouse peritoneal macrophages or chicken peripheral leucocytes under the presence of ginseng extract 3) migration ability of chicken peripheral leucocytes by direct stimulation of ginseng extract or ginseng saponin and 4) immunosuppressive effects of immunosuppressants such as cyclophosphamide, cyclosporin A or dexamethasone. Mice divided equally into the ginseng and the saline groups, which received intraperitoneally daily 0.2ml of ginseng absolute alcohol-extract(5mg/ml) and same amount of saline for 15 days, respectively. The cellular immune responsiveness of these mice was assayed 15 days after ginseng pretreatment. Splenic lymphocytes of mice treated with ginseng, when stimulated with sensitized specific-antigen such as sheep red blood cells or toxoplasmin, or with polyclonal activator concanavalin A, produced significantly more MIF than those of control saline group. MIF responsiveness of normal mouse macrophages was significantly augmented when assayed under the presence of ginseng extract (1mg/ml). The migratory ability of normal chicken leucocytes in the absence of MIF was significantly decreased by the stimulation of ginseng extract alone. MIF response was significantly decreased by immunosuppressants and this impaired response was not restored by ginseng pretreatment. This study was additionally performed to evaluate the effect of ginseng on the expulsion of adult Trichinella spiralis in mice. ICR mice were infected experimentally by esophageal incubation of 300 T. spiralis infective muscle larvae prepared by acid-pepsin digestion of infected mice. and received oral administration of 70% alcohol ginseng extract(10mg/mouse/day) for the indicated days plus 4 days before infection. At various times after infection, the number of adult T. spiralis worms in small intestines was determined. Interestingly, ginseng-treatment was accompanied by accelerated expulson of T. spiralis. These results led to the conclusion that Panax ginseng caused some enhancing effect on GVH reaction, macrophage migration inhibition reaction and expulsion of T. spiralis. In addition these results suggested that the mechanisms responsible for this enhancement of ginseng may be chiefly or partially due to nonspecific stimulation of cell-mediated immune response.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2004

본 연구는 재래산양의 핵이식을 실시하여 공여세포의 조건, 전기적 세기 및 융합횟수 등이 융합율과 체외발달율에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 최적의 융합조건을 확립하고자 실시하였다. 공여세포는 귀 유래 섬유아세포와 태아 유래 섬유아세포 2종류를 분리 배양하여 사용하였으며, 수핵란의 채취는 성숙한 미경산 재래산양에 과배란을 유기하여 hCG 투여 후 제 35시간째에 외과적인 방법으로 in vivo (체내성숙)난자는 난관을 관류하는 방법으로 회수하고 in vitro (체외성숙)난자는 난포로부터 흡입하여 난포란을 채취하여 약 22시간 체외성숙을 실시하였다. 수핵난자는 난구세포를 제거한 다음 0.05 M sucrose를 처리하여 세포질이 양호하고 극체가 뚜렷하게 보이는 난자만을 선별하여 핵이식을 실시하였다. 핵이식란의 융합은 전기자극방법으로 융합을 실시하였으며, 핵이식 조작 후 약 3시간 동안 전배양을 실시한 다음 활성화를 유도하였다. 복제수정란은 0.8% BSA가 첨가된 mSOF 배양액으로 6∼7일 동안 체외 배양을 실시하였다. 귀 유래 섬유아세포를 공여세포로 사용하였을 때 융합율은 60.4%로서 태아 유래 섬유아세포의 40.3%보다는 높게 나타났다. 분할율에 있어서는 귀 유래 섬유아세포와 태아 유래 섬유아세포가 각각 47.6 및 48.2%로서 차이가 없었다. 2.40∼2.46 ㎸/cm로 전기자극을 주었을 때 융합율은 43.8%로서 1.30∼l.40 ㎸/cm(26.7%)와 2.30∼2.39 ㎸/cm (34.8%)가 높게 나타났으며, 융합이 이루어진 핵이식란의 분할율은 82.9(1.30∼l.40 ㎸/cm), 43.8(2.30∼2.39 ㎸/cm) 및 51.8%(2.40∼2.46 ㎸/cm)로서 전기자극의 세기에 따른 유의적(p＜0.05)인 차이는 없었다. 전기융합을 1회 실시하였을 때 in vivo 난자는 43.5%로서 in vitro 난자의 23.6%보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며, 2회 실시하였을 때는 55.7(in vivo) 및 39.2%(in vitro)로 in vivo에서 높게 나타났다. 3회 자극을 주어 전체 융합율은 in vivo가 66.1%로서 in vitro의 52.8%보다는 유의적으로 높게 나타났다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1997

심장이식 수술의 성공의 관건은 공여자와 수혜자의 적절한 조합과 이미 정립된 수술수기와 합께 적출된 심장의 효과적인 기능 보존에 달려있다. 심장 보존에 있어서 괄목할 만한 발전이 있었음에도 불구하고 최근의 가장 진보된 방법으로 심 허 혈 상태의 최대 허용기간은 약 4~6시간정도이다 저자는 이식을 위한 적출 심장의 보존 용액 이 갖추어야 할 적정 요건에 대한 자료를 축적하고자, 단순 저온 침적방법에 의거하여, H/S용액(I군)을 대조군으로 하여 저자가 고안한 CK용액(W군)을 기존의 MEC용액( ll군) 및 MUW용액(E군)과 비교 실험하였다. 적출된 가토의 심장을 실험 대상으로 하고 정압형 Langendorff실험모형을 사용하여, 20분간의 평형 상태, 4시간동안의 심장 저장 및 20분간의 재관류시기를 거치게 한 후, 심근 조직을 절제하여 냉동 보관하였다. 실험 계획에 따라 관관류량,좌심실압, 압력 미분치를 측정하였고, 동결 심근조직내의 효소치를 정량 분석하였다. 결론적으로, 저자의 비교 실험에서 MUW용액과 CK용액의 심근보호 능력이 우수하였고, MEC용액은 대조군에 비해 저조하였다. potassium의 농도가 MVW용액보다 낮고()4.2nM/L), 문헌상에서 \ulcorner\ulcorner보호에 유익한 것으로 보고된 각종의 substrate을 첨가하여 제작된 CK용액의 성적이 MUW용액 과 비슷한 수준으로 우수하였는데, 이는 심장보존용액의 전해질 농도의 조정과 첨가물질의 선택 및 조정에 있어서 지속적인 연구와 발전이 필요함을 시사한다고 할 수 있다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.254-259
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• 2016

시드로포어인 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB)를 생산하는 Acinetobacter sp. B-W의 플라스미드를 분석한 결과, 20 kb 크기의 플라스미드를 함유하였다. 배양 온도 $43^{\circ}C$ 가 플라스미드가 제거된 돌연변이체 생산에 효과적이었다. 이 돌연변이체는 2,3-DHB 생산 능력을 소실하였으며, chrome azurol S (CAS) 아가 배지에서 시드로포어 생산이 검출되지 않았다. 포도당과 황산 망간을 함유한 배지에서 $28^{\circ}C$로 3일간 배양한 B-W 원 균주와 돌연변이체의 배양 상등액의 pH는 각각 4.5와 8.5로 나타났다. 돌연변이체에서는 ampicillin, actinomycin D, bacitracin, lincomycin과 vancomycin 같은 항생제에 대한 저항성이 사라졌으며, 이러한 항생제에 대한 최소 억제 농도(MIC)가 급격하게 감소하였다. B-W 균주에서 분리한 플라스미드로 대장균을 형질전환시킨 결과, 원 균주와 같은 크기의 플라스미드가 이 형질전환 대장균에서 발견되었다. 플라스미드가 제거된 돌연변이체에서는 플라스미드가 발견되지 않았다. 20 kb 크기의 플라스미드에 2,3-DHB 생산 유전자와 여러 항생제 저항성 유전자가 자리잡고 있는 것으로 추정된다.