• 경영과학
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.37-50
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• 2015

The number of contracts for bundling services in a domestic telecommunication market records 1.3 miilion as of the first half year in 2007, and steadily increased to 8.97 million in 2010, to 12.76 million in 2013. In 2014, 70.4% of telecommunication service consumers are found to subscribe to bundling service. Bundling services provide consumers with benefits such as price discount, convenience, increase ARPU. However, a market dominant player in a specific market may transfer its market power to another market by selling bundling services. SSNIP has been adopted to provide a market definition. However, SSNIP is not suitable to measure the effect of market power transition through bundling services because SSNIP cannot measure the effect of changeover sales of bundling services. Thus, in this study, we have investigated the effect of market power transition through bundling services reflecting market power effect and quality upgrade using Gross Upward Market Power Pressure Index metho and reviewed UPP and derivative UPP models.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.1038-1043
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• 2015

In this study, we investigated the effects of mixing on the aggressive behavior of commercially housed pigs. The behavioral patterns of 36 groups of pigs (a total of 360 animals) were observed over 3 consecutive days directly after weaning ($25{\pm}1.2$ days of age), and 25 and 50 days later with the aid of video technology. Fight latency and total duration and frequency of fighting were significantly different among the age groups. The aggressive behaviors decreased in 75-day old pigs if compared to 25- and 50-day old animals. Moreover, dominance index (DI) was higher in 25-day old and lower in 75-day old pigs. A comparison of dominant (DI>0) and submissive (DI<0) pigs showed significant differences (p<0.05) for major aggressive behaviors in all age groups. Dominant pigs were involved in more aggressive interactions, had longer fights, and initiated more fights than submissive pigs. Post-mixing aggressive behavior was altered by previous experience of mixing. Aggressive behavior and DI are suitable methods for analyzing the effects of mixing on commercially housed growing pigs.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.249-258
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• 2014

Phytoplankton species composition and ecological index (diversity, evenness, richness and dominance) were analysed from April 2013 to March 2014 at 10 stations of cupped oyster, Crassostrea gigas culture area in Iwon coast, Korea. Seasonal and positional variation of phytoplankton standing crops, biomass, dominant species and water quality were distinctively different according to occasionally inflow of Iwon dam reservoired water. The composition of phytoplankton species were Bacillariophyceae 98, Dinophycease 22, Chlorophycease 13, Cyanophyceae 8, Silicofalgellate 4, Euglenophyceae 2, Cryptophyceae 1 species. The most dominant species was Bacillariophyceae as 64.0%. The highest biomass of phytoplankton recorded in September as $40,910{\times}10^3$ cell/L at the station 1, near from inland water inflow area. Ecological indices (diversity, richness, evenness, and dominance index), used for structural change of phytoplankton community and water quality (temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity) showed difference of spatiotemporal property also.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.373-380
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• 2017

This study identified the effect of changes in the riverbed on the benthic macroinvertebrate communities. The benthic macroinvertebrates collected from the surveyed sites belonged to 119 species, 65 families, 20 orders, and 7 classes in 4 phyla. The number of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (E.P.T) species was 42, 10, and 8, respectively, in the tributary, confluence, and Nakdong River sites. Lotic species (Hydropsychidae) showed a high density at the tributary sites, whereas lentic species (Chironomidae) showed a high density at the confluence and Nakdong River sites. Community analysis showed that the Dominance Index (DI) was 0.54 in tributary sites, and dominance indices increased closer to the Nakdong River sites. The diversity index (H') was inversely proportional to DI. The ratio of Burrowers species (BU) at the surveyed sites increased closer to the Nakdong River sites. Analysis of common species showed 37 species (34.6%) between the tributary and confluence sites and 66 species (51.5%) between the confluence and Nakdong River sites.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.845-856
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• 2011

In order to establish fundamental data for stream restoration and environmental flow, we investigated inhabitation and species diversity of fish to substrate size in the typical streams of Geum River Basin. Field monitoring including fish sampling was conducted from October 2007 to October 2009. Substrate size was determined according to six different : silt (Si), sand (Sa), fine gravel (Fg), coarse gravel (Cg), cobbles (Co) and boulders (Bo). A total number of fish caught in the 18 sites was 7,649 representing 10 families 50 species, and Si, Sa, Fg, Cg, Co and Bo stations occupied 30, 29, 38, 30, 27 and 17 species, respectively. The most frequently found species in number was pale chum (Zacco platypus, 29.7%, n=2,275) followed by Z. koreanus (22.5%, n=1,720) in total stations. Biological diversity with increase of substrate size from the dominance of part species showed higher values as dominance index, lower and diversity, richness and evenness index. Index of biological integrity (IBI) and qualitative habitat evaluation index (QHEI) scores decreased with increase of substrate size. Therefore, it is necessary to make an effort on stream rehabilitation with evaluation of physical habitat condition by indicator species in order to maintain biodiversity and perform ecological restoration.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2005

This study compared cerebral lateralization index based on the area of neural activation with that based on the intensity of neural activation. For this purpose, 8 right-handed male college students (the mean age - 23.5 years) and 10 right-handed male college students (the mean age - 25.1 years) participated respectively in researches on visuospatial and verbal task brain function. Functional brain images were taken from 3T MRI using the single-shot EPI method. The result of measuring cerebral lateralization index based on the area of neural activation suggested that the right hemisphere is dominant in visuospatial tasks and the left one is in verbal tasks. However, the dominance is not sufficient to locate the exact part of the brain for these tasks. When cerebral lateralization index was computed based on the intensity of neural activation, it was derived that the area of cerebral lateralization closely related to visuospatial tasks is the superior parietal lobe, and the area of cerebral lateralization closely related to verbal tasks is the inferior and middle frontal lobes. Thus, cerebral lateralization index by area based on the intensity of neural activation as proposed by this study can determine the dominance of the cerebrum by area, so is helpful for accurate and quantitative determination of cerebral lateralization.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.45-55
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• 1987

For some basic information in tobacco breeding, the modes of inheritance and heritabilities for the twelve agronomic and chemical characters were estimated in the study of eight varieties partial diallel set. Additive gene actions were significant for all characters except total nitrogen content and dominance gene effects were also significant for all characters. Yield, number of leaves per plant, leaf length and leaf shape index were inherited as partial dominance, and overdominance was detected for plant height, stem diameter, internode length, total alkaloid, total nitrogen and total sugar content. Dominant gene showed increasing effects in yield, plant height, stem diameter, internode length, leaf width and total sugar content, but showed decreasing effects in the other characters. The broad heritability was very high for all characters. and the narrow heritability was high in days to flower and yield, but low in internode length, total alkaloid, total nitrogen and total sugar content.

• 재무관리연구
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.145-182
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• 2008

As the life expectancy increases resulting in the aged society, the post-retirement life became one of the most important concerns of people. The long-term investment vehicles such as retirement savings and pension plans have been introduced to meet such demand of society. This paper examines the impact of asset allocation strategies on the long-term investment performance. Because of the unusually long investment horizon and the compounding effect, a suboptimal asset mix in a retirement plan can be a very costly and irreversible mistake. Instead of relying on anecdotal evidence to evaluate the merits of different allocation strategies, this paper performs various tests including stochastic dominance tests using both actual data and Monte Carlo simulated data that best fit the historical experience. The results indicate 1) the long-term investments perform better than the short-term investments, 2) the optimal asset allocation strategy for the long-term investments should be highly equity dominated.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.879-889
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• 2008

Community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates was investigated from Gigye stream, Pohang, Korea from May to November, 2007. As results, total of 108 species of macroinvertebrates under 49 families, 15 orders, 5 classes in 3 phyla were identified. The number of species was the most abundantly revealed in aquatic insects (class Insecta) with 86 species (82.6%) under 7 orders. The phylum Mollusca (10 species, 9.2%) and the phylum Annelida (6 species, 5.6%) were followed in order. In the class Crustacea, 6 species (5.6%) were distributed. In aquatic insects, the order Odonata was the most abundant taxon (20 species, 23.3%). Seventeen species (19.8%) of the order Ephemeroptera and 16 species (18.6%) of the Coleoptera were followed. The primary dominant species in the stream was Cloeon dipterum of Ephemeroptera. For community analysis, the values of diversity index (H'), evenness index (J'), dominance index (DI) and richness index (RI) were studied and the average values of them were 5.65, 0.84, 0.13, and 13.18, respectively.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2013

치악산 지역의 7개 세부조사구에서 2002~2003년도에 수집 분류 동정된 버섯은 총 53속, 84종, 143개체이었다. 지역 간 중복 발생된 버섯은 총 43종이었으며 이중 2개 및 3개 구역에서 중복 발생된 버섯은 2002년 12개 및 3개종, 2003년 7개 및 4개종이었다. 상대 종 밀도지수(RSD)는 7개 구간에서 0.179~0.226 범위 이었으며 종 다양성 지표 중 유사도(Similarity index: C)는 지역(7개 조사구)간 11.3%~15.9% 범위이었고 평균 13.1% 이었다. 조사지역 전체의 버섯발생은 같은 시기에 인근 지역에 중복 발생할 가능성이 있는 지역 간 유사도보다 다음연도에 동일 지역에서 다시 발생할 가능성인 년차간 유사도가 8.2% 더 높았다. 전체 조사기간의 버섯 종 다양성과 관련된 6가지 지표 중 지역 간 변이계수(CV)는 개체수(10.5%)>우점도 (9.2%)>다양도 (8.9%)>종수 (8.5%)>풍부도(7.4%)>균등도(2.2%) 순 이었다. 버섯 종 다양성 지표 중 풍부도지수(Richness index: R1)는 지역 간 4.85~6.01 범위의 평균 5.36 및 지역전체 16.72, 다양도 지수(Variety index: V1)는 지역 간 14.44~18.66 범위의 평균 16.24 및 지역 전체 68.82, 균등도 지수(Evenness index: E2)는 지역 간 0.926~0.982범위의 평균 0.95 및 지역전체 0.819, 우점도 지수(Dominance index: D1)는 지역 간 0.055~0.073 범위의 평균 0.071 및 지역전체 0.018 이었다. 개체수는 종 다양성 지수들과 유의성 있는 상관관계를 보여주지 않았으나, 종수는 풍부도, 다양도 및 우점도 지수와 유의성 있는 상관관계가 있었다. 종 다양성 지수 간 상호 유의성 있는 상관관계를 보여주는 지수들은 풍부도와 다양도 및 우점도이었다.