• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.346-353
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• 2014

This study was performed to investigate the effects of cell-wall broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum on the lipid accumulation and body weight reduction in C57BL/6J mice. Six-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 5 groups and assigned to one of these groups; normal chew diet(Nor) group, high-fat diet(HFD) group, HFD plus spores of Ganoderma lucidum 800 mg/kg/day (HFD + GS/B) group, HFD plus cell-wall broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum 400 mg/kg/day (HFD + BGS/A) group and finally HFD plus cell-wall broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum 800mg/kg/day (HFD + BGS/B). The experimental groups which were treated oral co-administration with cell-wall broken(or original) spores of Ganoderma lucidum and HFD significantly attenuated accumulative body weight gain, compared with HFD group. Administration of these experimental materials also resulted in significant reduction not only the serum levels of total cholesterol, homocysteine but also the lipid accumulation in liver tissue. But in the almost of results the cell-wall broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum were evaluated superior than the original one. These results indicate that cell-wall broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum may inhibit the lipid accumulation in blood as well as liver tissue. Therefore it may be a valuable candidate for the therapy preventing obese induced hyperlipidemic symptoms.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.257-266
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• 2008

Purpose: These experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effect of Onpoeum on ovarian functions and differential gene expressions related with cell viabilities caspase-3, MAPK and MPG in female mice. Methods: We administered the Onpoeum to 6-week-old female ICR mice for 4, 8, or 12 days. With different concentration of Onpoeum, the female mice were injected PMSG and hCG for ovarian hyperstimulation. The mice divided into 3 different groups for each experiment. We chose the Caspase-3 for cell apoptosis, MAPK and MPG genes for cell viability and DNA repair. Results: In case of 4, 8, 12 day of Onpoeum, we were examined the mean number of total ovulated oocytes and the number of morphologically normal oocytes. We were also examined the embryonic developmental competence in vitro. In addition we were examined the differential expression of cell apoptosis, viability and DNA repair related genes, Caspase-3, MAPK and MPG according to concentration and duration of Onpoeum. From these results showed that the administration of Onpoeum played a role of prevention of cell apoptosis and DNA damages and also increased cell proliferation resulted in ovarian functions. Conclusions: It is suggested that the medication of Onpoeum may have beneficial effect on reproductive functions of female mice via prevention of cell apoptosis and DNA damaging and promotion of cell proliferation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.491-495
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• 2016

Background: Small B-cell non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL) is difficult to be distinguished from non-neoplastic reactive processes using conventional haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining due to different interpretations among pathologists with diagnosis based on morphologic features. Ancillary examinations such as immunohistochemical (IHC) staining are essential. However, negative or doubtful results are still sometimes obtained due to unsatisfactory tissue processing or IHC technique. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a molecular diagnostic technique is very sensitive and specific. Clonality detection of heavy chain immunoglobulin (IgH) gene rearrangement has been widely used to establish diagnosis of B-cell NHL. Aims: To elaborate interobserver variation in small B-cell NHL diagnosis based on morphologic features only and to confirm sensitivity and specificity of the PCR technique as an ancillary method. Materials and Methods: A toptal of 28 samples of small B cell NHL and suspicious lymphoma were interpreted by 3 pathologists in Sardjito General Hospital based on their morphology only. The reliability of assessment and the coefficient of interobserver agreement were calculated by Fleiss kappa statistics. Interpretation results were confirmed with IHC staining (CD20, CD3, Bcl2). PCR was performed to analyze the clonality of IgH gene rearrangement. Results: Interobserver agreement in morphologic evalution of small B cell NHL and chronic lymphadenitis revealed kappa coefficient 0.69 included in the substantial agreement category. The cases were divided into 3 groups based on morphology and IHC results; lymphoma, reactive process and undetermined group. PCR analysis showed 90% sensitivity and 60% specificity. Conclusions: The present study revealed a substantial agreement among pathologists in small B-cell NHL diagnosis. For difficult cases, PCR is useful as complementary method to morphologic and IHC examinations to establish definitive diagnosis.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.126-133
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• 2010

Objectives In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of Gami-Bojungikgitang and Gami-Jwagwieum for bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice. Methods Extracted lyophilization, Gami-Bojungikgitang (96g) and Gami-Jwagwieum (118g) boiled, filtered, depressed, concentrated, and are obtained. They were divided into five groups: normal, group IA; Animal group treated with bleomycin observed on the 21th day, group IB; Animal group treated with bleomycin observed on the 42th day, group IIA; Animal group treated with bleomycin and Gami-Bojungikgitang. Gami-Jwagwieum observed on the 21th day, group IIB; Animal group treated with bleomycin and Gami-Bojungikgitang/Gami-Jwagwieum observed on the 42th day. Mice are used on the 42th day and as a result, bronchoalveolar lavages fluid is obtained. Counting total number of cells, different ratio of macrophage, lymphocyte, and neutrophil are established. Results In animal group treated with bleomycin and Gami-Bojungikgitang, total cell count decreased by 50% in 3 weeks compared to animal group with non-administrated Gami-Bojungikgitang. However, total cell count in 6 weeks increased compared to 3 weeks although total cell count still decreased compared to animal group with non-administrated Gami-Bojungikgitang. In the view of differential cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavages fluid in treatment group on 3 and 6 weeks, neutrophile was a few and lymphocyte decreased. In animal group treated with bleomycin and Gami-Jwagwieum, total cell count decreased by 50% in 3 and 6 weeks compared to animal group with non-administrated Gami-Jwagwieum. In the view of differential cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavages fluid in treatment group on 3 and 6 weeks, lymphocyte also decreased. Conclusions Gami-Bojungikgitang and especially Gami-Jwagwieum for bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice were effective in total cell count and differential cell count.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.183-191
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• 1995

This experiment was carried out to study the determination of survival of vitrified and thawed mammal follicular oocytes by FDA-test. Oocytes were divided into 3 groups according to attachment of cumulus cell. Group A oocytes were tightly surrounded by cumulus cell, group B oocytes were partially surrounded by cumulus cell, and group C oocytes were poorly surrounded by cumulus cell. Vitrification solution developed by our previous study (Kim et al, 1992) which consisted of permeable agent (20 % glycerol + 10 % ethylene glycol) and nonpermeable agent (30 % Ficoll + 10 % sucrose). Oocytes (7~10) loaded into 0.25 ml straw after 10 min equilibration were plunged into liquid nitrogen (- 196$^{\circ}C$) directly. The FDA-score of vitrified and thawed group A oocytes was higher in rat (4.2) than in rabbit (3.9), cow (3.8), mouse (3.4) and porcine (2.4), however that of cumulus cell was higher in rabbit (4.7) than in rat (4.1), cow (2.9), porcine (2.6) and mouse (1.4). The FDA-score of vitrified and thawed group B oocytes were 3.1 (cow), 2.9 (rabbit), 2.9 (mouse), 2.6 (rat) and 2.5 (porcine), respectively. However that of cumulus cell was higher in rabbit (3.7) than in porcine (2.6), rat (2.3), cow (1.7) and mouse (0.3). The FDA-score of vitrified and thawed group C oocytes was higher in mouse (4.1) than in cow (2.9), rabbit (2.6), rat (1.3) and porcine (1.1). As shown in the above results, The survival rates of oocytes were higher in group A than in group B and C except in mouse and cow. These results suggest that the survival of cumulus cell as well as follicular oocytes can be reliably judged by their fluorescence with FDA-test.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.650-669
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• 2017

Coordinated multiple points transmission and reception (CoMP) technology is used to mitigate the inter-cell interference, and increase cell average user normalized throughput and cell edge user normalized throughput. There are two kinds of radio resource schedule strategies in LTE-A/5G CoMP system, and they are called centralized scheduling strategy and distributed scheduling strategy. The regional centralized scheduling cannot solve interference of inter-region, and the distributed scheduling leads to worse efficiency in the utilize of resources. In this paper, a novel distributed scheduling scheme named 9-Cell alternate authorization (9-CAA) is proposed. In our scheme, time-domain resources are divided orthogonally by coloring theory for inter-region cooperation in 9-Cell scenario [6]. Then, we provide a formula based on 0-1 integer programming to get chromatic number in 9-CAA. Moreover, a feasible optimal chromatic number search algorithm named CNS-9CAA is proposed. In addition, this scheme is expanded to 3-Cell scenario, and name it 3-Cell alternate authorization (3-CAA). At last, simulation results indicate that 9/3-CAA scheme exceed All CU CoMP, 9/3C CU CoMP and DLC resource scheduling scheme in cell average user normalized throughput. Especially, compared with the non-CoMP scheme as a benchmark, the 9-CAA and 3-CAA have improved the edge user normalized throughput by 17.2% and 13.0% respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2011

Gill morphology and ultrastructure of the spiny top shell, Batillus cornutus were described using light and electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). The spiny top shell, Batillus cornutus has bipectinate gill. The epithelial layer of gill filament was simple and composed of columnar epithelium, ciliated cell, mitochondria-rich cell and secretory cell. Microvilli were well-developed on the free surface of columnar epithelial cell. The epithelial cells are connected to the neighboring cells with intercelluar junctions at the apico-lateral surface. The cilia and microvilli were commonly observed on the free surface of ciliated cell. Tubular mitochondria appeared in the apical cytoplasm, and connected ciliary rootlet. Mitochondria-rich cells contained a oval-shaped nucleus in the basal area. And majority of cytoplasm was occupied by well-developed mitochondria. Result of AB-PAS (pH 2.5) and AF-AB reaction showed that secretory cells contained mainly acidic carboxylated mucosubstances. Secretory cells are unicellular glands and can be divided into four types (A, B, C and D) depending on the cell shape and ultrastructure of secretory granules.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.6 s.89
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• pp.415-420
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• 2004

All around the world, the rate of attack of cancer diseases has been going up and the number of cancer patients has been increasing every year. Cancer can be divided into malignant tumor and benign tumor according to its growth appearance. Many studies and experiments have been conducted and the various treatment are being created to find the way to care malignant. Dendritic cells (DCs), which is an agent of cancer treatments by using an immune reaction in our body, plays an important role to present by a tumor antigen to cytotoxic T-cell and help them to attack the tumor cell directly. However there are some defects of this therapy. Soluble human leukocyte antigen-immunoglobulin fusion protein (HLA-Ig) based artificial antigen presenting cell (aAPC) as the antigen presenting cell (APC) which is complement and overcome some of the limitations of dendritic cell-based vaccines and ex vivo expansion of human T cells is new method for cancer therapy. In this article, we are reviewing the role of DCs and the treatment with it, and searching for the possibility of the new development of immunotherapy for cancer.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.317-328
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• 2022

Trophoblasts, important functional cells in the placenta, play a critical role in maintaining placental function. The heterogeneity of trophoblasts has been reported, but little is known about the trophoblast subtypes and distinctive functions during preeclampsia (PE). In this study, we aimed to gain insight into the cell type-specific transcriptomic changes by performing unbiased single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of placental tissue samples, including those of patients diagnosed with PE and matched healthy controls. A total of 29,006 cells were identified in 11 cell types, including trophoblasts and immune cells, and the functions of the trophoblast subtypes in the PE group and the control group were also analyzed. As an important trophoblast subtype, extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) were further divided into 4 subgroups, and their functions were preliminarily analyzed. We found that some biological processes related to pregnancy, hormone secretion and immunity changed in the PE group. We also identified and analyzed the regulatory network of transcription factors (TFs) identified in the EVTs, among which 3 modules were decreased in the PE group. Then, through in vitro cell experiments, we found that in one of the modules, CEBPB and GTF2B may be involved in EVT dysfunction in PE. In conclusion, our study showed the different transcriptional profiles and regulatory modules in trophoblasts between placentas in the control and PE groups at the single-cell level; these changes may be involved in the pathological process of PE, providing a new molecular theoretical basis for preeclamptic trophoblast dysfunction.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.131-142
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• 2023

Background: This study has mainly focused on finding pharmacological effects of ginsenosides that can reduce the unwanted side effects of the cytotoxic anticancer drugs and are highly effective on prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, hormone-dependent breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, and brain cancer (neuroblastoma). Methods: Minor and rare ginsenosides (GS) of Rh2 which have a high absorption ability and excellent pharmacological actions were treated with the 6 different types of cancer cell lines and their anticancer activities were investigated by analyzing gene expressions associated with various cancers through qPCR and other relevant methods. Results: In cancer cells exposed to Rh2, cell viability and cell migration were reduced, and apoptosis was induced. Each cancer cell was divided into three groups according to the cell proliferation response by Rh2; 1) A group in which the cell viability decreases inversely to an increase in Rh2 treatment concentration; 2) A group in which the cell viability rapidly decreases in Rh2 treatment above a certain level of concentration; 3) A group in which the cell viability was not suppressed below 20-30% even with 100 μL of Rh2, the highest concentration used in this study. Conclusions: It was shown that Rh2 has a significant effect on inhibiting the proliferation of prostate cancer cells and hormone-dependent breast cancer cells.